Mazambiringa vanorwara? Nokuvhuvha: kurapwa zvirwere, zvinokonzera uye kudzivirira

Most muzambiringa zvirwere aikwanisa kuparadza zvibereko kana substantially kuderedza unhu zvechadenga michero. Nokuda kwechikonzero ichi, pakurwisa navo kunokosha zvikuru. Pakati zvirwere yainyanya nokuvhuvha ramazambiringa. Kurapa chirwere ichi rinoitwa zvinoenderana nzira pakati pakurwisa fungal noutachiona zvinomera.

Plant chirwere - migumisiro kuitwa chirwere. Chikonzero kukura pathogenic husingaurayiwi nemishonga inogona zvichipfuura (chirwere) utano chirimwa tusingaoneki kubva murwere. Sezvo kukura nezvirwere kukanganisa ekunze, ivhu unhu uye mamwe mamiriro ezvinhu kukura zvirimwa. Tupukanana tusingaoneki, tupukanana angatanga muvhu iri nzvimbo chirimwa dzaparadzwa kana pasi mamiriro zvisingafadzi. ekunze. Zvikuru ngozi nokuti mhuri Vinogradov vari parasitic fungal zvinenge. Fungal chirimwa zvirwere zvinokonzerwa zvinokuvadza tupukanana.

Anodzivirira mazambiringa: chirwere uye nokurapa Downy nokuvhuvha

Special ngozi fungal chirwere nokukurumidza kupararira chirwere. Vanokwanisa kukonzera nouchapupu kukuvadza kuti chirimwa kwevhiki dzinoverengeka uye chakaoma mizambiringa nokuda 1-2 nemwaka. Mwero kupararira chirwere kunoenderana mhando chirwere uye mamiriro okunze. Somuenzaniso, nokuvhuva (a chakuvhe kuti Downy nokuvhuvha) vari akaparadzirwa okunze kuchinaya, pakuti oidium (howa mazambiringa untsinuly) panguva kukura zvachose rinopera mvura.

Matanho kuzorwa chirwere anofanira kufunga kuwanda chirwere iri kukura munharaunda. Pakati uye kumaodzanyemba kweRussia kazhinji kurwara mazambiringa nokuora. Mabatirwo fungal zvirwere zviri sezvinotevera:

• matanho - spraying pamusoro Anti-fungal zvinodhaka, Kubvisa mabukira zvisingakoshi, garter muzambiringa kubviswa hosha mashizha uye matavi, kubviswa masora, etc..
• kuramba uye dzekugonesa okurima kumashure;
• kudzivisa kupararira hosha zvinomera uye michero - kupatsanura varwere.

Nokuvhuvha - zvikuru ngozi fungal chirwere

Nokuvhuvha - nokuvhuvha, izvo utachiona hwakakura ane chakuvhe plazmopara vitikolya. Izvi Chirwere nengozi huru European remazambiringa mhando. Parasitic muviri kunokanganisa ose zvakasvibirira muzambiringa: Deciduous butiro, vegetative nhengo, atwo uye michero.

Kurova Mafundo uye michero, chakuvhe zvachose anoparadza ndeyezvokwadi. Deciduous mizambiringa kufukidza pasi pokudzora kwomudzimu chakuvhe hwaoma, ipapo kwayo subsidence. The unopinza Kuderera munzvimbo shizha pemvura kuchambokanganisa zvakakodzera ichiibvira muchero. Berry pamakwenzi varwere vanorasikirwa muviri kukosha kwavo uye zvihwitsi akaita waini kubva kwavari yakashapa kuravira. Patient muzambiringa ripen zvakaipa, izvozvo kwakakanganisa kunokanganisa kurwisa mugwenzi yechando inotonhora.

Chakuvhe, kukanganisa chirimwa, kunyanya kukurumidza kukura vaduku inflorescences pamusoro vakaparadzana peduncles kana anooneka zvikuru nemichinjiziri. Hosha nzvimbo vakatendeukira shava, vose ovary pamwe inflorescences kuti vari pasi achifa. Achifuridzirwa mvura chakuvhe vanobishairira anopararira uye anoparadza chirimwa.

The kuparadzirwa mashoko nokuvhuva

Fungal chirwere overwinters sezvo spores pamusoro rawa vatanhi mashizha uye ivhu. Muchirimo, apo pasi rinova nyoro zvikuru uye tembiricha iri vakaramba kwemazuva 7-8 pa 10 madhigirii, pane ari kuzvimba uye kumera kuti fungal spores.

Pavanenge vari nyorovera ezvinhu kana mvura puddles, vanotanga nokushingaira kukura. Mukuita zvinoumba mupenyu zvakatipoteredza paumbwe zoospores (zoosporangia). Kana zoospores vari kuumbwa, inotakurwa nemhepo pamusoro mumakwenzi, uye chakuvhe anotanga chisvetasimba yekutapurira ramazambiringa Downy nokuora. Treatment, rondedzero chirwere uye kudzivirirwa yayo funga zvakare.

Description nokuvhuvha

Nemaziso, kukura chirwere kunotanga makwapa akasvibirika diki yellow, pamusoro nguva kufukidza nzvimbo yose jira. Rairatidza kupararira chirwere ndicho chimiro chena pfuti panzvimbo dzapasi chikamu jira yakaumbwa mushure mvura. Utachiona mashizha kutendeuka yeyero uye kufa zvachose. Ziva hosha pamuzambiringa kunogona mavara akafanana shoma Dots brownish Hue.

The ngozi huru inomirira microorganism vechidiki inflorescences, sezvo kuumbwa kwavo pechiso sporulation yacho chakuvhe. Young nhungirwa pasi pokudzora Downy nokuvhuvha vanourawa - mabheri nhema, finyi uye chiwondomoke. Mashoko maperembudzi akamira panguva yakaoma inopisa ekunze, mhepo tembiricha pamusoro madhigirii 30.

General mitemo kutonga chirwere

Kana hosha utachiona mazambiringa, kurapwa rinoitwa nevanhu spraying mishonga yezvipembenene, kuparadza chikuru foci chirwere. ramazambiringa asati anotanga anotumbuka, makwenzi sprayed pamwe Anti-fungal yeimwe. Inotevera pavaipfuura spraying rinotanga pakarepo pashure pakutanga maruva uye pakuonekwa michero diki (kukura machisa musoro). Funga nzira yokubatana nayo chirwere zvikuru.

Nzira counteracting nokuvhuvha

The chikuru pavaipfuura sangano iri kutamburira kuti nechokwadi ezvinhu kuti kutadzisa kukura chirwere. Chirwere, inoita kuti pave nokuora, anogara nyorova nzvimbo pamapani, izvo kare kunonoka mvura puddles, dova uye bvungapfunga. The yakaoma agronomic basa kunoita kuti nani aeration yemiti uye kunodzivisa kuunganidza kunyanya mwando pedyo mizambiringa.

Sezvambotaurwa, nokuvhuva spores overwinter mu wawa vatanhi mashizha. In autumn, pashure pokukohwa, mashizha ichapiswa.

Spraying nemizambiringa chepfu, anouraya notumwe tupukanana - inonyatsobudirira nzira kuchengetedza yokukohwa. Kazhinji, vari kuitwa 1% mhinduro emura Bordeaux. Kushandisa wokutanga spraying mhinduro kubva 0.5%, haizopereri kubudiswa rinoitwa pamwe kuwedzera wevasungwa inobva 0.75% 2%. The pasi kugutsikana yezviri fuma haripi mhinduro ine antifungal kokutsva mashizha uye matavi vari utachiwana Downy nokuvhuvha ramazambiringa. Treatment (Photo pazasi chazara muitiro) kunosanganisira spraying mizambiringa tangi muvhenganiswa kuitira kudzivirira utachiona.

Antifungal pfapfaidzo masanganiswa mazambiringa

Pane siyana nemakwenzi uye zvinodhaka kurwisa Downy nokuvhuvha ramazambiringa. Treatment acho mishonga inoshanda se dziviriro. An nzira inobudirira kurapa - mwaya zvinogadzirisa ane kushingaira namakemikari zvinoriumba. Antifungal mhinduro dzine zingi uye mhangura sulfate. Kupfuura nyore uye inobudirira mumiririri ndiye Bordeaux Urume pfapfaidzo nezvinobata.

Mixtures ane siyana zvinoriumba kuti spraying zvinomera, akadana dzehondo. Tank mixes nokuti Mabatirwo Downy nokuvhuvha mazambiringa ane basa fuma - mhangura sulphate. Bordeaux muvhenganiswa kuturika Urume chinosanganisira slaked kwesuko iri madota mumvura uye mhangura sulfate.

Zvinoitwa vanoshingaira zvinoriumba Bordeaux masanganiswa

Zvinofanira kurangarirwa kuti mushonga riri wevasungwa anopfuura 3% hwemhangura sulfate anokwanisa kupisa pose mazambiringa mashizha. Main ano zvinoriumba Bordeaux Urume unhu nokukurumidza nemukuparadzwa nemvura, saka mvura iri pfupi kuchirapa muvhenganiswa abviswa hukawanika omuzambiringa.

To mhangura sulfate mhinduro kwenguva refu sezvinobvira akabata pamusoro pemvura chirimwa, harifaniri kuvhenganiswa nemvura uye mukaka kwesuko. Lime neutralizes acidic mhangura sulfate mvura ikava viscous uye kunama. Unobatisisa muzambiringa mashizha, imwe pfuma vachengeterwe yakareba pamusoro pemvura pasi pokudzora mvura.

Kuti zvinobudirira kurwisa hosha mazambiringa kurapwa yaifanira nzira, iyo chakagadzirwa kwesayenzi mitemo. Kukosha vane Qualitative unhu yenhengo zvose.

Vazvione. huru vanoshingaira zvinoriumba - mhangura sulfate, unofanira kuva nechokwadi chokuti upfu harina tsvina wechitatu-party, uye ayo ruvara rakajeka mutema. Lime nokuti mhinduro vose hydrated uye quicklime. Zvisinei zviri nani kuita richipedza mubishi kugadzirira mhinduro. It svezhegashenoy madota inopa nani adhesion zvinodhaka kuti pose mazambiringa mashizha.

Kukura Bordeaux masanganiswa mhinduro

gadziriro All nokuti dambudziko Downy yamaperembudzi mazambiringa akafanorongerwa njodzi pfungwa yezviri zvinoriumba. Wevasungwa hwemhangura sulfate mune mhinduro Bordeaux muvhenganiswa ingabva 0.5% kusvika 3%, wakakwirira zviri vanoshingaira fuma pakutsva mashizha. Kugadzirira 10 litres ane gadziriro pamwe wevasungwa 1% vanoshingaira chirungiso atore 100 g quicklime , uye zvakafanana nendarira sulfate. Vaiitawo rinoitwa ari mudziyo, izvo zvinhu zviri husingakwanisi nemakemikari uye asingauyi sei pamwe zvinoumba mumushonga. The yakanakisisa Ipfungwa - girazi kana zvedongo mudziyo zvisingagamuchirwi kushandisa kwakakurudzira kana simbi midziyo.

Kuti agadzirire musanganiswa rakasanganiswa imwe fő hwemhangura sulphate inopisa mvura. Kana upfu yakanyauka, yakadururirwa mudziyo mumwe 5 litres mvura inotonhora. Oga, 100 g ukabvisa ishande akagadzirira madota, pashure iyo mvura vasara iri wakawedzera bhuku dhaka kusvika 5 litres. The kugadzirira kwesuko firita. The zvichiguma mukaka kwesuko iri awedzera zvishoma nezvishoma mhinduro hwemhangura sulfate. Muitiro tichibatanidza zvakamisa hurongwa achabatsirwa rusingaperi anokurudzira.

It achaongwa kuti madota slurry iri akawedzera mhinduro hwemhangura sulfate, kwete vakutarisire. With unreduced sequencing kunoguma kuturika achava sashanda kurwisa nokuvhuvha, vanoshingaira zvinoriumba achawira emadhaka.

Characteristics zvakanaka kugadzirira Pfungwa

Bordeaux Urume mhinduro, wakagadzirirwa maererano zvemichina ane zvitema ruvara uye mucosa mamiriro, inoomerera nemimwe. Color anogona chiratidzo wevasungwa yezviri fuma. Somuenzaniso, mutema kunoratidza kuti mhangura sulphate inowedzerwa rakawandisa, uye spraying mura kokutsva vatanhi mashizha.

Mazambiringa Downy nokuvhuvha kurwara? Treatment: kuita kubudiswa Bordeaux musanganiswa?

Zvinofanira kurangarirwa kuti chete akakodzera kurapa imwe dzichangobva akagadzirira mhinduro ramazambiringa. Bordeaux muvhenganiswa panguva okuchengetera anorasikirwa anobatsira zvivako uye rinova kwavakarerekera kune fungal tupukanana.

Kana ziso Kuongorora kwakaratidza kuti chirwere mazambiringa Downy nokuvhuvha, Mabatirwo Bordeaux muvhenganiswa mhinduro ndiyo Zvakanyanya Kunaka Panguva Yepamuviri mhinduro. Kuti ave nechokwadi vakachengeteka chehove zvinoreva muchidimbu akanyika simbi chipikiri. Kana kubvisa mbambo, hazvina kuchizvivanza munhu kubata, mushonga yakachengeteka zvinomera. Chimiro tsanga yakanaka pamusoro pemvura chipikiri kutaura pamusoro chenhando emura Bordeaux uye yakakwirira zviri kushingaira chirungiso. Muchiitiko chino, zvinofanira mberi rakasanganiswa nesuko dhaka.

Zvisinei, kukuvadza mazambiringa ari kugonawo Bordeaux muvhenganiswa akagadzirira maererano ano, kana spraying rinoitwa pazuva rinopisa yakatevera rinorema kunaya. Kuti kuderedza mukana kutsva panguva chirimwa, kubudiswa anoitwa mambakwedza kana zuva ranyura.

Kudzivirira nemavhairasi uye fungal zvirwere mazambiringa

The kunonyanyisa zvazviri anopiwa mabasa kudzivirira fungal uye nemavhairasi zvirwere. Okudzivirira Nokuraramisa rinoitwa munguva mwaka mitatu: muchirimo, muzhizha uye kwematsutso. Panguva ino, vachengeti akadiridza pamakwenzi akagura muzambiringa uye kuwedzera hwevhu, kuberekesa ivhu.

mazambiringa Usati spraying vanofanira kubvisa tagovera mashizha, kutanha mamwe matavi, uye sunga netsvimbo. Marara ari muchimiro utachiona mashizha uye matavi chirwere hazvo kupisa kudzivirira chirwere kukura.

Kutarisira mazambiringa vasati kukohwa

Zvinokosha kuti kutevera Mabatirwo Downy yamaperembudzi iri mazambiringa July. Muchirimo, pamberi yokukohwa, vachengeti kuita inokosha spraying pamakwenzi. Graph kugadzira mhinduro Bordeaux muvhenganiswa - 3 mavhiki ose, kubvira pakutanga July. Spraying mazambiringa zvinodhaka antifungal kunoguma muvhiki yokutanga August uye haina kuitwa vasati kugera mizambiringa.