Maurits Cornelis Escher: mifananidzo, biography

Mukuwedzera kune zvigadzirwa zvemhizha, Mauritz Escher aiva nechipo chakasiyana-siyana chaakaita hupenyu hwake hwose, iko, kukwanisa kutarisa nyika uye kuiona kubva pachigarire chisingawanzoiti. Ichi chinhu chisina kukwana - kuona zvisiri izvo zvisingatarisirwi, pasina munhu akacherechedza.

Kunaka kwaMaurice Escher

Mhuri yejinijini George Escher nemudzimai wake Sarah muna 1898 muNetherlands akazvarwa mwanakomana wechishanu, uyo ainzi Marice. Vaigara muchivako cheLeeuwarden, uko zvino yava musamuvamu "Princess". Mhuri yacho yaive nevakangwara uye vanyori mumutauro wakazara wezwi. Muzukuru waEsher mudiki aiva munyori, kureva kuti, munhu ane hanya nepamusoro-soro, akavakirwa pazvinyorwa zvakananga zvemasvomhu.

Kunyanya, Maurice Escher akadzidza naS S. de Mesquita uye akazvisunga nemaune basa remugadziri, kwete muenzi. Sechikonzero iye akaedza zvinhu zvakasiyana-siyana - linoleum, dombo (ticharondedzera kuti izvi zvinongororwa chete nokuda kwekugamuchira mapepa, asi kwete engravings), muti. Kana pakutanga M. Escher akasika mabasa ake pamusiyano wevatema nevachena, uye gare gare achaisa ruvara mubasa rake.

Mabasa ekutanga (1916-1922)

Zvinyorwa zvekare zvinowanikwa pane linoleum, kana pamuti. Haisi iye Asheri akafanana, uyo ane mifananidzo yakaonekwa pakarepo.

Nguva yeItaly (1922-1935)

Rimwe bhuku raEsscher raaifarira rakanga riri "Alice muHot-Glass". Panguva imwecheteyo, anoramba achidzidza unyanzvi hwezana remakore rechi15 kuchamhembe kweEurope. Chigumisiro chei ichi chaiva chimiro chekunyora kwa1935 "A Hand ne Mirror Sphere". Iyo inozivikanwawo sekuti self-portrait. Ruoko runobata bhora rakagadzirwa rakanyatsogadzirwa zvikuru, kuitira kuti mitsetse yose yehupenyu nemafungiro uye zvisikwa zvose paminwe zvinooneka. Mukati bhora pane mufananidzo we studio yaEscher muRome: firiji yakatsauswa nebhora, mahwindo akapfigwa uye denga. Pamadziro unogona kuona mabhechesi, kuvezwa mufaira. Chimwe chazvo chinoratidzira chiputi cheIndonesian puppet theater. Muvezi iye pachake anotarisa mutariri zvakananga, akabata denga kubva mukati kuitira kuti chigunwe chemukati chinosangana nechigunwe chekunze. Saizvozvowo zvinoratidzwa uye zviduku.

Chokutanga chebasa iri chakanga chiri "Esiteri-hupenyu huri negirazi yakasimba" muna 1934. Muchidimbu ichi, munyora akazviratidza pabasa. Icho chiri mukati mebhokisi rakapoteredza rine mirirati masvingo. Inongova pamapepanhau, ayo, akafanana nezvose zvidzidzo, akaiswa mubhuku rakavharwa. Pedyo ipapo pane simbi yesimbi ine musoro wemunhu. Zvose iye nemapepanhau zvakaratidzwa zvishoma mukati mehombodo.

Mune basa iri, matanho ose emucheka mutsvuku anodzidzwa: yakadzama mutsvuku, ruvara rutsvuku rwesimbi yeshiri, mumvuri weusiya uye gris mukati mehombodo. Mufananidzo webaba ane girazi rinokudzwa mumaoko ake rinourawa nekutaura kwakarurama, chaizvoizvo uye ne rudo rudo. Mumazuva eItaly, Escher, ane mifananidzo chaiyo maererano nemasikirwo, haasati asvika pakudzidza nzvimbo nhatu-dimensional space.

Mirror symmetry yezvinhu

Tenzi wacho ainyanya kufungidzirwa nokuzivikanwa nemaArabic mosaic aakaona muAlhambra neCordoba, pamwe chete nemimwe mitemo yejemiometri. Zvose izvi zvakagamuchirwa naEsscher, uyo ane mifananidzo yakaita kuti tifambe munyika yekuenzanisa. Anotora mifananidzo yacho uye anoita mifananidzo yavo. Chimwe chezvinyanya kuziviswa ndezveRudziro (March 1943). Pamutauro wepa lithography, muoni anoona tafura. Pamusoro pazvo pane mufananidzo wakagadzirwa nemafuta emafuta. Muchikamu chakanaka chemufananidzo, mumwe wavo anotanga kusvika kuhupenyu ndokukwira kubva pepepa. Icho chiri kungotanga kudzidza kuti kwete gorofa, asi nyika nhatu-dimensional. Vamwe, vanomutswa uye vanowana guruji, vachitsvaira kuburikidza nebhuku racho, katatu, vachikwira ku dodecahedron, kusunungura mhepo kubva mumhino pairi, kusvetera pamapepa uye, kuvhara denderedzwa, zvakare kuva mifananidzo yakareba.

Uyu mufananidzo unofadza uye unobata kufara. Iine ine mafiropiyo evanhu here? Zvichida. Mushure mezvose, pane zvinhu zvina zviri patafura, iyo nyika inogadzirwa. Iyi ndiyo nyika muhari, moto wakaputirwa mubhokisi yemakwenzi, mvura inodururwa mugirazi, uye mhepo iyo dhizijidhi inoputika. Patafura ibhuku duku rine tsamba dzechiLatini, iyo inopesana. Vamwe vanhu vakatora bhuku raJobho. Chaizvoizvo, izvi zvinongova mararamiro epepa. Muchikwangwani, zvinofanirwa kunzi kuti Asheri akanga ari munhu anosvuta kusvuta.

Zvechokwadi, "Masikati neusiku" (1938) basa rakanaka. Ichi chinhu chinoreva zvakare musoro wekuenzanisa. Asher, uyo mafananidzo ake panguva ino akanga asati ava kuzivikanwa, anoda chaizvo geometry. Mune huni hutema, kufamba kwe shiri dzinobhururuka kubva kuruboshwe kuenda kurudyi kubva pachiedza kusvika kune girazi-inoratidzwa usiku inotanga kuonekwa. Uye chete ipapo vanoita "zvakaipa" zvavo kuonekwa, semufananidzo: shiri dzakasvibirira dzichibhururuka mumatenga machena kune zvakasiyana. Uye kana tikatarisa kune zvakasiyana, zvinoratidzika kuti usiku husiku hunoswedera kumusi mutsvene. Chaotic inoshanduka kuva yakarongeka, uye zvakasiyana. Uyu ndiwo hutano hwekufunga kweiyo engraving.

Mirror landscape

Muna December 1955, basa idzva rakajeka rakabudiswa. Izvo zvisati zvaitika Escher's landscapes zvaive chaizvoizvo, zvisizvo uye zvakajairika. Vakanga vakajeka zvikuru, semuenzaniso, "Snow", yakasikwa muAlps. "Nyika nhatu", sezvose zvinoita Escher, zvinoshamisa. Iyi iri dziva guru kana gungwa (uyo anofungidzira kufungidzira) mukuwa. Pamusoro pemvura inoyerera ichiwa mashizha kubva pamiti. Pasi pemvura ndiyo nyika yekutanga. Yechipiri iri mumvura yakadzika yegungwa, kwatinoona hove huru. Haasi oga ipapo, sezvazvinogona kuonekwa. Korona yemiti, inoratidzwa mumvura, semugirazi, inoita seisingaoneki kune muoni wemiti. Izvo zvaunoda kufunga pamusoro penyika yechitatu.

Paradoxical worlds

Zvose zviri mifananidzo uye zvinyorwa naEsscher zvinotungamirira kunyika yenyika. Mavari, muoni wacho anoshamiswa uye anotoshamiswa nehutano hwakasiyana-siyana, uye haafaniri kutarisira kusava nehanya, kutungamira maonero muusina. Tenzi haaise miganhu pakati pehupenzi, masvomhu nefilosofi. Zvinowirirana zvakabatana mumumwe.

Idzidziso yezvinyorwa mubasa raEsscher

Imwe michero, iyo Esher yakadhindwa munaDisemba 1953, i "Ukama." Inourayiwa nenzira yekuzvipira. Pano inoratidzwa nyika umo mitemo yezvisikwa zvisingakwanisi kushanda. Izvo zvose zvivakwa zvekugadzira zviri pakati penharaunda yakawanda. Iine mahwindo, masuo anotungamirira kuPasimoni. Vazhinji vevagari vese vari kunyatsoenda kune zvavanoda mune zvehupfumi. Vose nhamba yacho yakapfekedzwa zvipfeko zvakafanana. Misoro yavo isingafungidziki inofananidzwa nemaarbs. Chimiro chechivakwa chacho chine zvikwiriso zvinomwe. Mumwe nomumwe wavo anogona kushandiswa nevanhu vari munyika dzakasiyana-siyana. Ikoko kune mitatu inokonzerwa nekuvhunga mumufananidzo. Zvinyorwa zvese, zvose zvinongoratidzirana. Mumukati mumwe nomumwe zvakanaka, mitemo inowanzoshandiswa inoshanda.

Izvi zvinogadzira migumisiro inonakidza. Pamusoro pedenga repamusoro, vagari vaviri, vanobva kune dzimwe nzvimbo dzakasvibirira, vanofamba nenzira imwechete kune rumwe rutivi rwemasitepisi, asi imwe inoburuka, uye imwe inomuka. Pamwe kune dzimwe nhandare mbiri vagari vanoshandisa nguva yakafanana, asi kubva kune zvakasiyana-siyana. Vanoenda kune rumwe rutivi, asi vachauya kunzvimbo dzakasiyana. Mifananidzo yacho inoratidzawo mapaki matatu anowanikwa mumiti yakasiyana-siyana. Masuo ose kunze kweumwe anotungamirira pasi-pasi pasi pemapaki. Izvi zvinowedzera kuwedzera kwepamusoro pamufananidzo. Iko inokosha kubva pane unyanzvi uye yesayenzi pfungwa yekuona.

Musiki Maurice Asher

Mune masvomhu nefilosofi, nounyanzvi kunyatsoziva mutambi uye kuveza, nounyanzvi kutamba dema nezvose zvayo, akafuridzirwa kubva kumudzidzisi wechiDutch. Mumwe mudetembi mumweya, aitenda mukuwirirana mubasa racho, achifananidza Pushkin, ane algebra. M. Esher akanyatsogadzira unyanzvi uye nesayenzi. Mitemo yefizikiki, kunyanya kushanda, yakadzidza zvikuru. Mafungiro ake anoshandiswa kunyanya nekutamba kwechiedza nemumvuri. Izvi zvinonyanya kuoneka patinenge tichigadzira maumbirwo emagetsi ejometri, semuenzaniso, "Cuba". Mutambo wenguva muEsscher inowanikwa mu lithograph "Waterfall". Rudo rwetatu rwemhando dzakasiyana-siyana dzinotenderera ne nyoka dzinoita denderedzwa dzinonakidza chaizvo (1969). Muzvinyorwa, achitaura nezvezvisikwa zveEsscher, pane kudaro, munhu anofanira kushandisa izwi rokuti "mitsetse yakajeka". Kufungidzira uye ruzivo aisafanira kutora, uye mifananidzo yese aigona kuisa munhu mumugumo wakafa. Asi, uchitarisa pamabasa ake, unowana nhepfenyuro yesimbi, kubatana nemitemo yavanovakwa.