Masangano evanhu

Mapoka evanhu evanhu akatanga kuverengwa pamagumo ezana remakore rechi19 muchikamu chekudzivirira muviri. Pasina ruzivo urwu, hazvingakwanisi kuita ropa iro rakaponesa upenyu hwevanhu vakawanda. Uyezve, dzidziso yemapoka eropa inowanzoshandiswa mukuvhiya, mune zvipembenene uye gynecology, mukurapa kwehutano uye mune genetics. Zivo yekusiyanisa kwe isoantigens inotorwa muchengeti kana kupfurikidza mishonga uye nhengo.

Mhomho yevanhu ropa zviratidzo zveropa zvinoparadzirwa kubva kuvabereki kuenda kuvana. Chimwe nechimwe chine munhu akazvimirira weboka remastigens, izvo zvinhu izvi zvinosarudza. Izvi zvakagadzirwa zvezvinhu zvinonziwo isoantigens.

Pachikonzero chavo, ropa revanhu rakakamurwa kuva mapoka uye hazvibvi panhangemutange rayo, kana nezera rayo kana zvepabonde. Inotanga kuumbwa pakutanga kwekumbora kwemakore uye inoramba isingachinji muupenyu hwose. Ropa revanhu revanhu rinomunhu mumwechete wehupenyu.

Muitiro wechiremba maziso anonyanya kukosha eerythrocytes A uye B. Inofungawo nezvese isoantibodies a uye ß, dzimwe nguva iri mune serum yeropa revanhu. Kuvepo panguva imwechete muropa re isoantigens uye isoantibodies zvechimiro chakafanana (somuenzaniso, ß naB) inotungamirira mukugunzva kweyerythrocytes uye haikwirirani nehupenyu. Nokudaro, chete zvinhu zvakasiyana-siyana (somuenzaniso, A + ß) inofanira kuva pamwe chete.

Mapoka evanhu evanhu akaparadzana kuva mana zvichienderana neicho isoantigens uye isoantibodies varipo. Izvo zvinoratidzirwa nezviratidzo mumhando yeetsamba uye nhamba: - muboka rokutanga kune chete isoantibles a uye ß = 0aß - boka rechipiri rinosanganisira isoantigen A uye isoantibol ß - Aß, - boka rechitatu ine isoantigen B uye isoantibody a-Ba, Inongova isoantigens A uye B - AB0.

Kubatana kwemapoka evanhu eropa kunokonzerwa nekuvapo kana kusavapo muropa re-isoantibodies inopikisa isoantigens muropa reumwe. Izvi zvinofungidzirwa mukuwedzerwa ropa. Kushandiswa kweropa kweboka rimwe chete kunonzi kwakanaka.

Izvi zvinowedzera kuti kuwedzera kune isoantibodies iripo mune zvinowanzo muropa revanhu, inogamuchirwa neanantibles kubva kunze, zvichiita kuti kusagadzikana kweboka reropa. Izvi zvinogona kuitika nekuwedzerwa kwezvigadzirwa zveropa (plasma, masero eropa, erythrocytes), ropa rose; Panguva yekuzvitakura, apo embryo ropa reboka risingawirirani neropa raamai; Mushure mekushandisa mamwe majekiseni uye serums kuitira kurapwa.

Mushure memwedzi wokutanga wehupenyu mumuviri we embryo, zvinenge zvava kutokwanisa kuona maantiantigens mu erythrocytes. Nhamba yavo inokura uye inosvika pakukwirira kwemakore matatu ehupenyu. Zvadaro huwandu hwahwo hahushanduki uye hunotanga kupera muhuchembera. Icho hachichinje munguva yehupenyu hwemunhu uye seti rese ye isoantigens muropa. Izvo zvakagadzirirwa hazvivhiringidzi kana zvipembenene zvinotapurirwa, kana kukanganisa kwemakemikari, zvezvinhu zvipenyu.

Chinhu chisina kukosha mune zvekurapa ndiko kutsunga kwekuvapo kana kusavapo mu erythrocytes ye antigens yeR Rh-Rh-factor system. Pachikonzero ichi, vanhu vanopatsanurana maererano neRh-negative uye Rh-positive. Zvinonyatsozivikanwa kuti 15% yehuwandu haina hune Rh factor, uye 85% haiti. Kana amai vane ramangwana vasina Rh-factor, uye fetus inotora nhaka antigen kubva kuna baba veRh-positive, ipapo zvirwere zvinoshandiswa. Inobata ma erythrocyte emwana asati aberekwa, achiita kuti vaparadzwe (hemolysis).

Sarudza boka reropa romunhu anoshandisa serums yakazara. Mune erythrocytes, saka, isoantigens inowanikwa. Semuenzaniso, kuti uone 4 boka reropa, redery erythrocytes uye serum yakadii inowanikwa pamucheka wakachena wemvura, yakasara pachitsimba chemazimbe, uye zvino zvinonzi agglutination zvinowanikwa. Nechitarisiko chaicho che isoanthil, inza inofanira kufungidza erythrocytes uye inoita kuti ive zviduku zvitsvuku. Nekusava nemafungiro asina kunaka, hapano kuchinja zvachose. Kuti udzivise kukanganisa, kugadziriswa kwemashure maviri kunoiswa paboka rimwe nerimwe.