Mapurani kunzwisisa "Kyiv nhare"

"Kyiv Fortress" - kunzwisisa pakati nhare wokuUkraine guru, kuumbwa gumi nemashanu emakore. Unosanganisira: Museum of Second World War kare, chirimwa "Arsenal", Kiev-Pechersk Lavra, uye boka kuzvidzivirira masvingo uye miti Kiev.

The akasiyana Monument

Ndiyo nyika chete Monument kune rusvingo uye rimwe remasangano yevhu nhare munyika kuti achiripo kusvikira nhasi. Asi kwete vose anoziva apo Kiev nhare. It iri Hospital Street, 24a.

Pane tichingotarisira pakutevedzera itsva matongo nguva Kievan Rus uye muSitiya nguva. Panguva dzemazororo vari kunzwisisa Kyiv nhare (mufananidzo pazasi) pfuti kusaruta uye kusimudza mureza. Muna choto kamuri, usina vakaenzana ayo acoustic zvivako, navarongo uye manheru chaiko.

Nhare Kievan Rus: mashoma chokwadi kubva munhoroondo

History inosimbisa akatanga mukupera 5th remakore dzavarwi, riri pamusoro Old Kiev Hill. Panguva iyoyo, akanga ine palisades, moats uye panharirire. Asi pashure Kiev yakava guta guru Kievan Rus, guta rakatanga kuva kwegadziriro masvingo. zvikamu zvose veguta pavakafumomuka yayo kudzivirira hurongwa. Muna 1240, pashure pokukundwa, yaunganidzwa Batu Khan, chakasakara masvingo. Danho ravo idzva pakukura rinotanga munguva Polish-Lithuanian noushe, kana akavaka nhare (Lithuanian Castle) musi Horevitsa gomo. Paaigara yokuRussia mamiriro zviremera Kiev dzakavakwa nhare Pechersk kuna Khreshchatyk. Muna 1679 Cossack mauto inotungamirirwa Samoilovych sangana Crypt Starokievsky uye Kusimbaradza, saka vakaumba zvakafanana nhare hombe. Pechersk munhare pakutanga nemasere remakore kwazvo dzakatangwa.

The kunzwisisa

Kiev nenhare, riri muna Pechersk pachikomo, rinosanganisira chikuru zvitatu zvinoumba kudzivirira: The chipatara uye Vasilkovskoe Kusimbaradza, uyewo wenhare. The kuvakwa wakakombwa, rwakatanga makore namasere remakore mangwanani, zvakanga nokuti reRussian Empire akanga kugadzirira Mukuru Northern War. Uyezve Kiev semirayiro huru zvine urongwa pfungwa. Muna 1706 iye anouya guta, Peter I, uye anowana nzvimbo masvingo itsva. Chinonyanya dzakakodzera nzvimbo akatendeuka ari Kiev-Pechersk wemamonk. Mugore iroro pamberi mambo waiva pamutemo inception iri ibwe wakakombwa, izvo mune ramangwana richange inoita kuti Kiev wakakombwa wokutanga. Uye panguva ino nguva mu Kyiv panhare kero yakaoma zviri nyore chaizvo kuti vashanyi.

Wemamongi somunhu zvemauto

Kiev-Pechersk wemamongi, chikuru chinoumba achisimbisa Crypt, haana kusarudzwa netsaona. Ndiye kubva pakutanga ivepo aiva nesimba shongwe uye kuzvidzivirira masvingo. Kubva yaMakoronike zvinozivikanwa kuti kare muna 2nd hafu regumi remakore, wemamongi yakanga takapoteredzwa rusvingo. Mugore rechigumi nemaviri remakore rusvingo chikatsiviwa rusvingo rwematombo, izvo 1240 rakaparadzwa eMongolia. Muzana nemanomwe remakore wemamongi fenzi akanga achiri zvakaitwa namatanda. It panguva nenguva akavakirirwa panharirire. Saka, muna 1679 hondo Hetman Ivan Samoilovych kumativi wemamongi akavaka embankments. Makore makumi maviri gare gare, wemamongi yaidzivirira masvingo yakakwirira kwazvo napo pamagedhi anoverengeka uye neshongwe mashanu, uyewo inokosha suo chechi. To musi, takapona Ivan Kushnikov, Onufrievskaya, South ukazodza neshongwe. Vaine pokunzvenga napo mubhedha shongwe nyasha porusvingo. Kuzvidzivirira ibwe madziro, nechepasi pane anenge mamita 3 paukobvu, aiva nekukwirira vanenge nomwe metres uye misa nemauto namaberere riri zvivako kutaura. Vari mukati vakasikwa muchimiro arcades.

Basa wemamongi munhoroondo wakakombwa

Somugumisiro, wemamongi pamusoro pechingoro nguva Pechersk nhare yaiva zvakakwana zvakavimbika kudzivirira hurongwa. Construction nhare mhando yevhu nhare yakapedzwa muna 1723 Raiva yamuro tichitarisa rimwe raundi kwegadziriro masvingo. Unosanganisira 9 bastions, mumwe polubastion Ravelin, namachira kana zvimwe zvinhu. Sezvo kuramba ngozi vanorumwe kupindira, Castle dzose akabvunza kwerunyararo zvakakodzera Nokuraramisa, uyewo yaro mazuvaano uye kugadzirisa. Mune mashanu ari nemasere remakore, basa nhare rokuvaka anomhanya Bosquet, rechiuto injiniya. Panguva iyoyo, mashoko bastions vanogamuchira zita rayo iyezvino: Spassky, Pavlovsky, kubvuma, Petrovsky, Semyonov, St. Andrew. Kusvikira mukutanga namapfumbamwe remakore munhare pane akazaruka masvingo, zvivako zvinoverengeka zvimwe zvakakosha chaizvo dzakavakwa, akadai Moscow uye gedhi Vasilkovsky, Arsenal House, magazini upfu, Formulations yemapurisa. Akapa mberi kukura zvombo, kusanganisira nokuwedzera iripo-siyana ane kanoni, yakavakwa yevhu Zverinetsky Opperman nokusimbaradza pfungwa, rechiuto injiniya. Zvino nezuva avaida Hondo 1812 zvakananga kudzivirira Pechersk yemauto.

Kuvaka Zvivako zvitsva wakakombwa

Kiev haana kurasa wayo mutengo zvechiuto uye inokosha, kunyange pashure pehondo. Muna 1830, urongwa akabvumirwa nokuda nhare itsva, iyo yambokurukurwa Oppermann. Maererano chirongwa envisaged kuvaka Hospital uye Vassilkovsky masvingo. Zvinonzi zvakare akaronga kuchinja Pechersk paShushani vanobatanidzwa zvinonakisa nyika masvingo. Uye kusvikira zvino, Kyiv nhare (mapikicha zvinogona kuonekwa munyaya ino) inopa timboona izvi zvinhu.

Kiev akatanga kuvaka nhare 1831, pashure kuvambwa inonzi Vassilkovsky simbisa, apo pakuvaka ndokuguma muna 1863. Chaiva Ravelin pamwe guardhouse, embankments, uyewo shongwe matatu. Cherepanov gomo chinosimbisa chipatara yakavakwa mumakore 1842-1849. Unosanganisira 3 guardhouse, iri kumigero, embankments, oblique caponier, kuchamhembe caponier chiduku zambuko, chipatara uye nezvimwe zvivako zvakawanda. Uyewo pedyo nomupata Klovsky kugadzirwa musangano akavakawo shongwe mbiri, namasuwo Nikolaev uye vakakomberedza Far uye Pedyo Caves zvakasikwa kuzvidzivirira masvingo.

Kusimbiswa mapurani kunzwisisa "Kyiv nhare", yakapedzwa muna sixties iri rechigumi nemapfumbamwe remakore, yaisanganisira pakati Hospital uye Vassilkovsky masvingo Pechersk wenhare kupikidura Zverynets masvingo. Asi sezvo panguva iyoyo kushingaira chaizvo kuva firearm, ndiwo nguva chirongwa haana kusangana kare ano kudzivirira zvinodiwa. Mumakore 1871-1877 kudikanwa dzifambirane nhare akaita kuzomisa nhare pachikomo.

Nokudaro, Kyiv Fortress somunhu mukuru nhare yakaoma, akavaka anopfuura hafu yezana remakore. Chinofadza ndechokuti vakawanda zvivako zvayo zvakachengetedzwa kune chipo nguva.

Pasinei nokuti kunzwisisa "Kyiv nhare" pamwe nguva yakarasikirwa yaro kwokutanga inokosha kukosha, guru yakawanda kudzivirira 4 pakusika akavakirirwa zvivako vakakwanisa kurarama kusvikira ikozvino.

Zvichireva nhare mu nyaya Kiev

Munhoroondo guta chikamu Kiev wakakombwa zvakawanda. Anenge 70 Makore zvakasikwa reuto rakavakirirwa musasa mukati Pechersk aigona kunonotsa vehurumende kuvakwa yacho. Uyezve, kuvakwa kwayo kwakabatana zvakananga nokukurumidza pakukura vodogona, zvidhina mafekitari, nokusika tiguu (Pankratevskogo, Alexandrovsky, Navodnitsky, Klovsky) uye cobbled mumigwagwa, embankment penzira, wokutanga zvachose zambuko mhiri Dnieper. Production unyanzvi ARSENALNY nhare vaiva mudumbu kuti "Arsenal" chirimwa. Kusvika panguva zvivako wakakombwa anoonekwa kuti yakananga miziyamu nhoroondo rusvingo iyo inoratidza kukura nhare nguva dzichapambwa uye smoothbore pfuti.

nematende

Dangwe Ages aikosha inokurukurwa sezvo kuzvidzivirira masvingo pamwe neshongwe. Vari chiri kumativi Upper Lavra. Nokuti azvino nhare hurongwa ndezvaJehovha nhare yevhu masvingo wenhare, chipatara polygonal nhare Vasilkovskoe kusimbiswa. Mhando dzose kuzvidzivirira yemauto iri Pechersk, pachako embody zvaidiwa nhare chikoro Russian. Ari, maererano nenyanzvi, kugara chikuru nzvimbo muEurope mukuvamba namapfumbamwe remakore. Lysogorskaya simbisa chinoratidza zvinoitwa nhare dziri kwakataramuka nhare nguva dzichapambwa atirari. Zvimwe zvivako nhare zvinesungano zvakananga nhoroondo echimurenga uye rusununguko kufamba. Apo kamwe paiva mujeri enyika "Kiev Shlisselburg" iri thirties remakore rapfuura akavhura miziyamu "Oblique caponier".

Kyiv Fort Museum nhasi

Gore negore, vanochera matongo vakawana zvinhu zvakasiyana-siyana kubva nhoroondo guta uye nhare. Ichi chimwe chikonzero kuti chipo chiduku Kyiv nhare - chimwe chezvinhu zvinoshamisa mamiziyamu guta. The dzinonakidza kupfuura chinhu chinhu runoonekwa kuna Diagon Caponier, yakavakwa muna 1844. Zviri chivako kwazvo gobvu masvingo, vane hwaro ari ibwe uye chidhinha. In masvingo aro slits zvaiswa uye embrasures kuti pfuti uye pfuti. Vavaki zvive nyore kuzviwana Caponier yekurwira wakaiswa pa necheparutivi kuti nomubato nhare, saka zita raro akaonekwa. Kubva pakutanga chaipo, zvaiva zvakakodzera kuchengetera atirari nezvombo zvenyukireya. Asi sixties remakore rechi19 rakava mujeri enyika, izvo akabata, sezvo unogona kuudza, vasungwa vezvematongerwo enyika vasati kuchinjwa kwavo Lesogorskiy Fort vasungirirwe pamatanda.

To musi, Oblique Caponier anomiririra chimwe chezvinhu zvinokosha uye zvinofadza zvenyaya Kiev wakakombwa. Kunze kwake, ari chikamu Great Patriotic War Museum, Kiev-Pechersk Lavra, uyewo zvivako zvakawanda. Vanogona kushanyirwa apo muna Pechersk, ari kunzwisisa "Kyiv nhare." Sei kuziva wose ari muguta, uye ivo vachava kutoita iwe: kubva chitima / kuchiteshi ane mukana mubhazi nhamba 14, bhazi nhamba 534 kusvika chemabhazi pamwe yakakodzera zita kana tekisi. Kubva Bessarabki pamwe chete Peoples 'Shamwari uye Solomyanki achifamba bhazi nhamba 450.

mamiziyamu

Muna guardhouse ndivo mamiziyamu maviri kuti vakazvitsaurira kuna nhoroondo masvingo. Sezvineiwo, rimwe rawo pasi muvhu. Vaenzi achabatwa nayo muchimiro vatendeukira vasungwa. With kuchinja munhoroondo ezvinhu ose pokunzvenga napo vave kutendeuka pamahwindo pamwe yakavimbika grids. Heino mukana kuona zvakawanda yekare midziyo, chimiro, zvombo uye Zvinhu vasungwa zvakapona kusvika nhasi. Akatevera miziyamu hunokosha zvenhoroondo magwaro uye yunifomu kubva dzakasiyana.

Today Kyiv nhare ndechimwe chezvinhu enigmatic guta mamiziyamu, sezvo zvose gore, vanochera matongo vakawana zvinhu zvakasiyana-siyana kubva nhoroondo guta uye nhare.

The miziyamu muunganidzwa

Huge ibwe shongwe, earthworks uye caponiers - nayo excursions vanoratidza zvinhu mapurani kunzwisisa "Kyiv nhare." The purogiramu kuratidzira aimiririra dzakaunganidzwa nhoroondo uye vemauto miniatures muUkraine, Europe guru muunganidzwa "Napoleoniana" kudhindwa weboka UPR uye iye. Makhno. Minondo, namapfumo, crossbows, uye gakovnitsy Chablis pamwe midziyo zvinoshamisa kufanira kupinda tikwanise kuona masvingo. Museum kuratidzira inoiswa caponiers zviviri kuti kuudza nezvenhoroondo Kiev uye National nhare kubva Tripoli tsika kusvikira rechigumi nemapfumbamwe remakore, uyewo nezvenhoroondo pokushandisa wakakombwa zvakagadzirwa.