MANPADS "payakaisa rumborera": unhu uye tichienzanisa analogues

Pakati zvombo ano, zvikuru primyanyaemogo mukurwisana dzeko, basa rinokosha iri reDare MANPADS. Vari zvinowanzoshandiswa zvose mauto siyana inoti nemasangano zvemagandanga pakurwisa mhepo huru. Bhuku iri kwakadai chombo chinogona MANPADS American "payakaisa rumborera".

Nhoroondo yokusika uye Implementation

MANPADS "payakaisa rumborera" yakagadzirwa uye kugadzirwa US dzesangano General Dynamics. Kutanga izvi zvombo maitiro zvinoreva 1967. Muna 1971, MANPADS pfungwa akabvumirwa ne US Army uye vagamuchirwa sechinhu kumumvuri kuti kuvandudza mune ramangwana pasi chiratidzo FIM-92. Kwegore chakagamuchirwa uye zita rayo siyana yaitaurwa "payakaisa rumborera", iro rinoshandurwa kubva Chirungu. Zvinoreva "rumborera".

Nokuda hwokugadzira matambudziko okutanga chaiyo chombo chinonyengera kubva zvakaoma kwakaitika chete nechepakati-1975. Serial Kugadzirwa MANPADS "payakaisa rumborera" akatanga muna 1978 nechinangwa kutsiva zvisingachashandi MANPADS FIM-43 Red Eye, zvabudiswa kubvira 1968.

Kuwedzera inokosha womuenzaniso yakazokudziridzwa uye dzikabereka vanopfuura gumi nevaviri shanduro dzakasiyana-siyana chombo.

Kuwanda munyika

Sezvataurwa pamusoro apa, MANPADS "payakaisa rumborera" akatsiva MANPADS hurongwa "Red Eye". zvombo ayo inobudirira nzira yokubata yakaderera dzemakomo mhepo huru. Iye zvino, zvivako zviri mhando aishandiswa muchiuto muUnited States nedzimwe nyika 29, ivo zvinoberekwa Raytheon Chombo Systems uye pasi rezinesi kubudikidza EADS muGermany. maitiro zvombo "payakaisa rumborera" inopa yakavimbika mhepo kudzivirira kuti yepamusoro pano Mobile nemauto dzakabatana. Its rwisana zvinobudirira kwave vaudzewo mana makuru kurwisana, izvo achibatsirwa wayo raparadzwa vanopfuura 270 kurwisana nendege uye helicopters.

Purpose uye unhu

Vaiona MANPADS - a lightweight, kuzvicheka-ine mhepo kuzvidzivirira hurongwa rinogona nokukurumidza muAtlantic pamusoro platforms zvechiuto chero kurwisana ezvinhu. Nokuti chero zvinangwa MANPADS "payakaisa rumborera" rinogona kushandisirwa? Features zvombo, anotungamirirwa reprogrammable microprocessors vanogona kuzvishandisa zvose kutangira helicopters mu "mhepo-mhepo" nzira kuti tikurire mhepo huru, uyewo enhare ari "pasi-kuti-mhepo" nzira. Pakarepo shure kushanda murwi akasununguka kutiza, kudzivisa kudzoka moto, saka kuita ayo vakachengeteka uye yetsiva kushanda.

The chitundumuseremusere ane kureba 1,52 M uye dhayamita 70 mm uye kukwirira 10 masendimita mana aerodynamic kuzvidzora hukawanika (maviri zviri muhombe, uye vaviri - waanogadzirirwa) panguva uta. It anoyera 10.1 makirogiramu, apo uremu chitundumuseremusere kubva launcher anenge 15.2 makirogiramu.

Variants pamusoro MANPADS "payakaisa rumborera"

- FIM-92A: wokutanga shanduro.

- FIM - 92C: chitundumuseremusere pamwe reprogrammiruemym microprocessor. Kuvhiringidzwa nechitarisiko chipingaidzo kwave ndanyarara hangu nokuwedzera zvakawanda simba digitaalinen kombiyuta zvinoriumba. Mukuwedzera, Software kanda zvino reconfigured zvokuti pfupi kuti nokukurumidza uye zvinobudirira sei mhando itsva countermeasures (jamming uye yokubata kumeso). Vasati 1991, anenge 20 000 inokwana zviyero chete nokuti US Army wakabudiswa.

- FIM-92D: Various okunatsiridza zvaishandiswa shanduro iyi kuitira kuti vawedzere kutapata kuti kukanganiswa.

- FIM-92E: chitundumuseremusere pamwe reprogrammiruemym microprocessor Block I. Adding itsva rollover Switch, software dzokororo zvakanaka uye zvakakonzera chinokosha kuvandudzika chombo kutiza kuzvidzora. Mukuwedzera, kushanda zvakanaka kuti kuparadzwa huru zviduku, zvakadai drones, rwendo zvombo uye chiedza ushori helicopters yave nani. The vazvo yakatanga muna 1995. Rinenge rose rwemhuri zvombo "payakaisa rumborera" muUnited States ave atsiviwa shanduro iyi.

- FIM-92F: mamwe kuvandudzika of E-shanduro uye shanduro ano kugadzirwa.

- FIM - 92G: kutaurwa reserved kuti nezvechisarudzo D.

- FIM - 92H: D-nzira nani kuti ufanane E-shanduro.

- FIM-92I: chitundumuseremusere pamwe reprogrammiruemym microprocessor Block II. Shanduro iyi yave vakaronga anobva shanduro E. Kuvandudzwa yaisanganisira michini homing. In nadzurudzo iyi, daro chipfuro kuonekwa uye kukwanisa kukurira chipingaidzo vakanga yekudyidzana kwakawedzera. Uyezve, kugadzirwa kuchinja zvinogona yekudyidzana kuwedzera kuwanda chiito. Kunyange zvazvo basa asvika kuidzwa pachikuva, chirongwa kwakaregwa 2002 nokuda budgetary zvikonzero.

- FIM-92J: zvitundumuseremusere pamwe reprogrammiruemym microprocessor Block I upgraded yechinyakare zvinoriumba kuwedzera upenyu nomumwe makore 10. The warhead riri nepokuongorora napedyo fiyuzi kuti kunyatsoshanda pamusoro drones.

ADSM, kudzvinyirira mhepo kudzivirira gadziriro: a musiyano wezvinyorwa zvimwe pusa radar homing, pfungwa iyi inogona kushandiswa pamusoro radar zvivako.

chombo kanda nzira

American MPADS "payakaisa rumborera" (FIM-92) unotora munhu chombo AIM-92 akanyudzwa zvakaoma udaroustojchivyj reusable kanda kanisita. On mativi zviri Akanyatsovharwa lids. Front wavo anopfuura michini uye ultraviolet nemwaranzi, izvo vakaongorora homing. At kutanga-kumusoro, kavha raputsika chitundumuseremusere. The musana kavha mudziyo ichaparadzwa gasi ndege kubva booster. Nokuti chokuti akisarareta mokugezera akaronga obliquely panyaya chombo akabatana, zvichiri panguva nzira yokubudisa ari pakuparurwa mugaba anowana munhu muhombe inofamba. Mushure kusunungurwa chombo kubva mugaba muswe wayo chikamu vari amuudza ina stabilizer zviri kurongwa panguva necheparutivi kumuviri. Nenzira iyi vanenge akabatana kwayo akatizira uchishandisa torque.

Mushure kuenda chombo chinoita zvokukandwa nechokure 8 metres kubva opareta boosters aparadzana naye vakatanga vachifamba vaviri-pachikuva injini. It Inowedzera chombo chinoita zvokukandwa velocity kusvika 2,2 M (750 m / s) uye anoramba kuti yose kutiza.

A nzira aiming uye nenyunje zvitundumuseremusere

Tikaramba kufunga yakakurumbira US MANPADS. "Payakaisa rumborera" anoshandisa kungotarisa michini kutsvaka mhepo huru. Hazvina emit nemwaranzi zvinogona kuona ndege, asi pachinzvimbo anoona michini simba (kupisa) yakabudiswa aeronautical zvinangwa. Sezvo MANPADS "payakaisa rumborera" unoshanda pusa homing muoti, ichi chombo unoenderana nheyo "moto uye kanganwa", iro hakurevi chinhu kudzidziswa kubva opareta pashure vachiridzira, kusafanana nedzimwe zvombo kuti kugadziridzwa trajectory zvavo kubva pasi. Izvi zvinoita opareta kuti "payakaisa rumborera" akagadzirira kukunda vamwe zvinangwa pakarepo mushure vapfurwa.

The warhead putika mhando ine huremu 3 makirogiramu vane fiyuzi zvazvinoita mhando uye kuzvidzora destruct timer. The warhead rinoumbwa ane michini-Switch Crawler zvinangwa akakonzera kubatana kwe chikamu uye mumwe nepondo dzakakwirira zvinoputika, akanyudzwa mukati humburumbira pamusoro pyrophoric titanium. Fiyuzi ndiyo yakachengeteka chaizvo uye haibvumiri chombo chinoita zvokukandwa kuchera chero remagetsi mwaranzi muhondo mhando. Warheads anogona chete detonated kana padheshibhodhi nechinangwa kana nokuda kwataisvika kuti kunoitika munguva 15 kusvika 19 masekonzi pashure kutanga.

New sighting mudziyo

The shanduro tsva pakati MANPADS vakapakata AN / Pas-18 dzose kuona. Ichi yakasimba, lightweight chafariz kuona, iyo akatasva kanda kanisita, kupa mano vomurova zvombo chero nguva yezuva. The mudziyo rakagadzirirwa kuti rione ndege uye helicopters kunze kunonyanyisa siyana chombo.

The chikuru basa AN / Pas-18 - anyatsobudirira MANPADS. It Anoshanda chete siyana remagetsi chakarondedzera sezvo vaIri kutsvaka zvombo, uye anoona chero manyuko michini mwaranzi, izvo zvinogona zvikavengwa chitundumuseremusere. Nyaya iyi kunobatsira rutsigiro mabasa usiku nokuongororwa. Kushanda tinyerere ari michini chakarondedzera, AN / Pas-18 anobvumira murwi kupa kukanganiswa MPADS kupfura parima guru uye pasi maonero ezvinhu (semuenzaniso, bvungapfunga, huruva uye utsi). Day kana usiku AN / Pas-18 anogona kuona ndege panguva pamatunhu kukwira. Under Zvakanyanya Kunaka Panguva Yepamuviri ezvinhu, kuti vasabatwa chingava chinhambwe 20 kusvika 30 makiromita. AN / Pas-18, muduku abudirire Detective ndege yakaderera kukwira, kubhururuka zvakananga kurutivi opareta. Kana chiutsi plume ndege yakavanzwa muviri, hachigoni kuwanikwa, chero zviri kunze nzvimbo 8-10 makiromita kubva opareta. Kuonekwa siyana kunowedzera apo ndege ikachinja inoenda kutiza, kupa dzinoratidza pachake pedza. AN / Pas-18 vagadzirira kushandiswa mukati masekondi 10 pashure simba mudenga. Zvinonzi dzinofambiswa pedyo lithium bhatiri kuti inopa maawa 6-12 kuti bhatiri upenyu. AN / Pas-18 ndicho webetsero chiridzwa Night chiratidzo uye haana chisarudzo aifanira kuziva ndege.

rwisana chikumbiro

Paunogadzirira kushandisa mudziyo kuti chikungiso Via spetszamkov anobatana chikungiso, iyo preset musimba wedzerai. Ari kushandisa waya pamwe ane chivhariso connector zvakabatana kuti bhatiri. Mukuwedzera kuburikidza chitundumuseremusere kamwene kuna on-bhodhi Network iri chokuita mura tangi ane inert gasi. Chimwe Mudziyo unobatsira munhu chikwata kuzivikanwa zvinangwa pamusoro hurongwa "shamwari kana muvengi" (IFF). Izvi kanyanga Hurongwa ine maitiro chaizvo "afoot" chitarisiko, ari iyewo kuda chikungiso mashandiro.

Vanhu vangani vari kudiwa kuita chombo kushanda MANPADS "payakaisa rumborera"? Features kumubvumira kuita kudaro imwe chete opareta, kunyange zviri pamutemo basa rayo zvinoda vanhu vaviri. Panyaya iyi, nhamba yechipiri vachiongorora mhepo nzvimbo. Kana chipfuro iri dzakaonekwa, museve opareta rinoisa akaisawo papfudzi uye inosvitsa naye chinangwa. Kana zvayo kubatwa michini chombo kutsvaka anzwike uye vibration aramu, ipapo opareta anofanira kusundira spetsknopki razarretirovat gyrostabilized chikuva kuti anoramba kubhururutsa yakamisirwa nzvimbo hama pasi, kupa nguva imwe nzvimbo chombo kuzvidzora. Uchiteverwa kudzvanya chikungiso, pashure izvo mvura inert gasi kuti kutonhora michini kutsvaka anopinda homing chombo kubva mudziyo mungarava, inotanga kuvhiyiwa kwayo muchitiza bhatiri inobviswa uye patsanurika simba chivhariso riri akashandura squib kanda booster.

How kure anokanda "payakaisa rumborera"?

Vachiridzira siyana MANPADS "payakaisa rumborera" iri pakukwirira 3500 m. The chombo ari kutsvaka michini chiedza (kupisa) zvinoberekwa injini yacho ndege chipfuro, uye njanji ndege, vachitevera ichi michini nemwaranzi kunobva. Rockets uyewo kuona UV "mumvuri" kubaya chinhu uye kurishandisa kusimbisa kuda pamusoro yaitwa zvimwe zvinhu kuti pave nekupisa.

Kuwanda MANPADS "payakaisa rumborera" ndokudzingirira chinangwa zvakawanda shanduro dzakasiyana-siyana nazvo. Saka, nokuti inokosha pachake kufadza siyana akaenzana 4750 m, uye nokuda Bhaibheri FIM-92E kusvikira zvasvika 8 km.

TTX MANPADS "payakaisa rumborera"

MANPADS Russian "Igla"

It anozivikanwa dzinonakidza kuenzanisa hunhu MANPADS "payakaisa rumborera" uye "Igla-S", vakagamuchirwa nokuda Russian Army muna 2001. The Photo pazasi chinoratidza nguva yacho bara MANPADS "Igla-S".

Both zvivako pedyo uremu zvombo: kuti "payakaisa rumborera" - 10, 1 kg, nokuti "tsono-C" - 11.7, kunyange Russian chombo 135 mm refu. Asi dhayamita muviri zviri zviviri zvombo ari pedyo chaizvo: 70 uye 72 neMM, ukuwo. Vose vanokwanisa kurova kunangwa akasvibira padaro rinenge kusvikira 3500 metres pamwe michini homing warhead kweinenge zvakaenzana uremu.

Uye zvimwe zvinhu sei yakafana MANPADS "payakaisa rumborera" uye "tsono"? Enzanisa anoratidza dzavo paiva parity mikana, izvo kamwe zvakare kunoratidza kuti ufanane mumwe Soviet kudzivirira zvirongwa zvinogona vachamutswa muRussia yakanakisisa vatorwa yokutevedzera zvombo.