Manor Gorenki: apo, mapikicha, nhoroondo

MuMoscow, kutaura zvazviri, muna Balashikha ndiyo imwe zvikuru uye mukuru Estates Russian. Mumakore zvakanzi muridzi ne mhuri dzakakurumbira: Dolgorukov uye Razumovsky, Tretyakov uye Yusupov.

Gorenki Manor yakavakwa kuruboshwe yorwizi, kumaodzanyemba Vladimir Highway, iyo yava kunzi Nizhny Novgorod mugwagwa. Around imwe zvikuru Manor imba yakakamurwa wevakadzidza bindu, wakakwana Cascades pamusoro madziva nomwe, izvo partitioned kure nezvitsuwa uye mabhiriji. nhatu chete akapona kusvikira mazuva edu. Part wenyika akatengeswa kuti voga varidzi kubudikidza okisheni. Sezvineiwo, chikuru zvivako, uyewo muzinda uye Park Ensemble akachengetedzwa, kunyange hazvisi mumamiriro ezvinhu.

A Nhoroondo shoma

Nhoroondo Manor Gorenki Balashikha midzi kure kare. Kokutanga musha inotaurwa yaMakoronike Gorenki kungova XVI remakore. Muridzi nyika rokutanga kwave NR Zakhar'in-Yuriev - mukoma mukadzi Ivana Groznogo uye sekuru chevaux Mikhail Romanov. Nguva Troubles, uye pamukwidzwa chigaro aisabvumirwa kutanga yokusimbisa Romanov Estates.

Prince Yuri Khilkov chete muna 1693 akavaka yokutanga Manor imba yacho uye akaupa pamwe nyika sezvo kumuroora mwanasikana wake Paraschiva.

Dolgorukovs

Muna 1707, Praskovya Khilkov akaroora Alekseya Dolgorukova. Muna 1724 muridzi itsva wenhaka vasiyana kurudyi kubhengi uye Gorenki Czyżew uye akatanga kuvaka muzinda. mwanakomana wake, Ivan, aiva rinobudirira mudare, kuva kufarira vechiduku Emperor Peter II, iyo kazhinji akashanyira Gorenki.

AG Dolgorukov akarota kuti Peter II anoroorwa Catherine mwanasikana wake namanomwe gore yekare. In November 1729 akanga kuroorana, uye akazivisa Ekaterina mwenga changamire. Asi vose kamwe namana mambo ane akarwara ndokufa. Dolgorukovs akaita zvekunyepera kuda umo mambo akaita mutsivi cheushe mwenga wake. Asi magwaro aya haana kutenda kwenguva refu Dolgorukovy akatuma muutapwa nguva, uye pfuma yavo yose hwakatamisirwa Treasury.

Apartment ari XVIII remakore

Manor Gorenki (mufananidzo unogona kuona pazasi) yaitonga Elizabeth akava zvinhu Count Razumovsky. Aiva chorister kereke mukwaya, uye gare gare akava kufarira of Empress. Razumovsky muna 1747 akasarudza kuvakazve imba. Panguva iyoyowo anotanga pakuvaka kweChechi All-Ngoni Muponesi.

Vanyori venhau vanoti akanga apo Alexei Razumovsky Manor akatanga kuwedzera. Kana yave landscaped yamambo, kuti zvakanga dzakabatanidzwa mukuru suo ari dzekare werudzii pamwe chena pembiru yakareba. Around mumuzinda vakaputsa yakaisvonaka paka pamwe cascading madziva uye chakagadzirwa mumapako. Uye muna 1809 munda akasikwa Gorenki Botanical Society, wokutanga kuRussia. NaSeti kurongwa panguva chikuru raibhurari wemabhuku pamusoro sayenzi yepanyama.

Zvinofanira akati kuti muridzi wemunda waiva wakazadzwa anoda zvisingawanzoitiki zvinomera, maberekero raakanga aishanda kubva muduku. Nemhaka yake kuita wemunda Gorenki Balashikha akazviratidza hombe botanical bindu pamwe greenhouses, izvo akakura zvuru zvinomwe zvinoshamisa zvirimwa kubva pose. Pano pakanga pane mvura zvirimwa, izvo zvakaoma chaizvo kuti kujaira yomunharaunda ekunze. Munda vazvinorimirwa yemishenjere Chinese emisidhari, kumaodzanyemba nemisipiresi nemichindwe. Vafambi ava kazhinji vaibva kunyika dzakasiyana-siyana, kuyemura zvinhu zvakasikwa Razumovsky.

For mapurazi makuru izvi vakatarisa F. B. Fisher - anozivikanwa musayendisiti-nyanzvi, uyo gare gare ndokunanga ari Botanical Garden muSt Petersburg. vana pamutemo of Earl haana, saka vose pfuma pashure porufu rwake, kusanganisira Manor Gorenki, akapfuura kuvana munin'ina. Kana weboka nhaka Manor vakaenda Alexei Kirillovich, uyo panguva iyoyo akanga atova aizivikanwa nyanzvi, uyo anowanzonzi "Russian Linnaeus."

Naye pfuma akatanga pamwero mukuru kuvakwa. Mari nokuti mapindu wenhaka Nadya K. haana. Iye haana kushaiwa kwavo nokuda inobudirira kuna V. P. Sheremetevoy.

Mugumo XVIII remakore

Munguva iyi Manor Gorenki muMoscow hwachinja zvikuru: a-storey matatu imba Manor rakavakwa murongedzeri kubva Scotland Adama Adamovicha Menelasa. France ayo ari yakashongedzwa ane pabiravira pamwe yakakura mbiru chena matanhatu. Modern dzekare uye uri kare vanodavira kuti pakagadzwa zvayo mapurani pfungwa rakashandiswa pamasikiro yakakurumbira mumuzinda Perov mapurani kukuru Rastrelli.

Gorenki kuchamuka yakanga yakagadzirirwa mune dzekare manyorerwo. chivako chine nhurikidzwa nhatu Asati aiva menagerie, uye pakatarisana yakamiswa nematanga, yakashongedzwa nemabwe machena yakanyungudutswa. Kwaari kune dziva paiva rakafara manera.

paki

Madziva uye grottoes, mabhiriji, ndokukandwa zviwi, Baths-yeraundi uye, chokwadi, mitema dzezvimwe ndiwo ndiye ainakidza Chirungu paki. Meneles mapurani akanga ashanda Razumovsky, mhuri Stroganov, uye akasarudza kugara Russia nokusingaperi. Aiva munyori yokukosha mapurojekiti, izvo kuzivikanwa maparera ane mapurani uri - Alexandria Park uye Cottage Palace in Peterhof Palace Reserve (Tsarskoye tiiviste), Arsenal (Alexander Park).

Manor nguva kuderera

Munguva yeHondo Yenyika II (1812) Manor vakatambura chaizvo. Pakafa Alexei Kirillovich (1822) akawana munda, Prince Yusupov. Vanyori venhau vanoti Razumovsky haana zvakare nezvazvo ndiani kuwana neimba Gorenki. Vomunguva vaizviti mu netsamba dzake kuti count kupfuura aida uye aimutarisira pakasimwa pane vana.

Sezvo rekare chizvarwa Yusupov akabatanidza dzakawanda mapurani ounyanzvi. Zvisinei, haasi munhu wose anoziva kuti vakawanda zvikuru mumuzinda uye Park Ensemble muna Arkhangelsk akasikwa kushandisa aivigirwa kubva wemunda Gorenki miti, inokudza zvirimwa uye zvivezwa.

Manor kuparadzwa

Pakafa A. K. Razumovskogo Gorenki munhoroondo yacho Manor rakasvika zvitsidzo. Values vakaungana navo pamusoro kwemakore, rakachengetedzwa kutengeswa kune vanhu vakasiyana. Raibhurari uye herbarium vakatenga Alexander I, zvimwe zvinhu vakatenga Varidzi kubva yakapoteredza misha, uye Yusupov kuchamuka akatengeswa kuvatengesi Volkov, izvo hazvina kutifadza richengetedzwe kwazvo Manor. Apo chakasakara wavo wakare uye akasvika yakapararawo.

The kwoumbozha Manor imba akatanga kushandisa miviri mafekitari emapuranga dzimba vashandi dzakavakwa mupaki. Kubva kugadzirisa izvi zvakakanganisa kwete chete imba asiwo paki rakapoteredzwa. Maria Tretyakova, ari Penultimate muridzi mukuru akapfuura mumba rendi pamba.

Chete wokupedzisira muridzi wemunda, industrialist Sevryugov, akaedza ararame. Pamberi chimurenga iye akagadza nakisisa panguva mari iri pfuma hwokudzorerwa. asi omukati yadzorerwa kumba, akaisa nokugadzira pamadziro vakachenesa madziva. Restoration basa akatarisira nomukurumbira akitekiti Chernyshev. Kuzvikudza ake aiva Golden Hall pasi reimba yokutanga. Gilded stucco basa iri ceilings ayo vachiri vakachengetedzwa.

Hazvina kuoma kufungidzira pamwero hwokudzorera, kufungisisa chokwadi kuti vavaki vaiva raizovakwazve pindana dzimba kuti dzakaparadzwa panguva jekiseni fekitari chimneys, kubvisa pemipata kusvika bapiro vomutsa panzvimbo yacho muvharanda, kuparadza zvose zvivako muti mupaki, kudzorera stucco ukazodza imba. Kunyange zvakadaro, zviri Manor rakadzorerwa mukupera muzhizha 1917.

Gorenki Manor munguva Soviet: yacho nationalization

Munguva maviri, munda wakanga nationalized, uye kwenguva yakati paiva musha chevana. Muna 1925 ikoko akaisa pachipatara pacho "Red Rose" kuti TB varwere. Yakasvika zita rayo rokukudza Rosa Luxemburg. Nenzira, anoramba kushanda nhasi. Vaaishanda zvivako akatanga chakundikana cottagers yezhizha. Pane uchapupu hwokuti mumwe yomunharaunda nyika dzimba kwenguva refu nguva akararama mhuri Meyerhold.

Manor nhasi

Mumakore Kutonga Soviet kurwara-pamuviri zvoupfumi basa kwakaita irreparable kukuvara yose zvakaoma. Yakavakirwa kunharaunda yayo akachengetedza zvinenge zvose, asi chaizvoizvo mupaka yakasiyiwa uye yakapararawo. Pakati madziva nomwe akarasikirwa mana, kutema miti yakawanda, hapana nemasango pamisasa, rotundas, rakapona vaviri chete mabhiriji, asi avo ezvinhu ari anosiririsa.

Muvharanda kutungamirira kubva huru imba kusvikira chimbudzi, vashoma vane mumakwenzi, uye mwero wokuparadza akafanana temberi yekare zvikuru. Kubva pamatanho zvakazoita kuti paki, paiva diki nezvimedu asimo uye zvapungu kubva nechigadziko kuti kamwe yakashongedzwa.

The paka iri pamahombekombe dziva ane dzinonakidza bindu uye Park kuvakwa muna wenhumbi Gorenki. Cave - Semi-subterranean maumbirwo akavaka kubva cobblestone huru, iyo tumiti kubva parusvingo, kufanana meno makuru chikara. Pakati riri domed horo uye zvitatu yakatetepa, dzinopoterera koridho. The siringi of cavern yakaparara panzvimbo. Sei kushandisa chivako ichi - nokuti mufaro waJehovha kana ushamwari yakavanda, ane kururama hapana angati Zvisinei, kwedu mafungiro, wechipiri shanduro ndiyo sezvazviri chaizvo.

Groth ine ngano zvayo, iyo inoti kana munda vaiva womunda D. N. Saltykovoy (Saltychikha) anozivikanwa zvikuru hasha, wake mainsail raishandiswa hwokutambudza serfs. Zvisinei, hapana uchapupu ichi hachisi, uye chiri ngano. Mumakore okupedzisira vavakezve cavern rikaporeswa, asi nhasi zviri zvishoma akafendazve.

It ichadzorerwa Manor Here?

Connoisseurs enhoroondo Russian havana kurasa tariro kuti izvi zvichaitika mune foreseeable ramangwana. Uye ane ose prerequisites: ichangobva neimba yakazivisa kare Monument, akadzivirira neHurumende. Recently ikoko akatanga basa rokudzorera, asi vanobatwawo nokuda pamadziro ezvivako uye chiduku chikamu paki. ezvinhu Good zvivako anotibvumira kuti tariro kuti munda pakupedzisira wana yayo nemamwe chepakutanga chitarisiko. Ndinoda kuona kwedu dzakaoma paiva vanoitisana, hanya Russian tsika yacho.

Manor Gorenki: sei kuti ikoko?

Munda riri kurutivi rwezasi Nizhny Novgorod penzira. Chaiwo Kero Gorenki Manor: mugwagwa iyi, 2. Rinogona kusvikwa nemotokari, chitima uye bhazi.

How kuenda Manor Gorenki motokari? Kubva guru unofanira kuenda mumugwagwa M7 nokuitevera kuna Balashikha. Munda uchaona kurudyi pomugwagwa.

Tiine Kursk kuchiteshi kufamba kudzidzisa yemapurisa Gorenki daily. Kubva kuna matunhu vanofanira zvakaitika anenge maviri makiromita. Unogona kutora bhazi # 336, izvo anoendazve kubva "remagandanga" Metro station. Mutyairi anofanira kukumbira kumisa bhazi pa wemunda, asati asvika guta.

Mashoko mashoma mhedziso

Pasinei nemakore akawanda kusagona, Manor Gorenki rakaramba runako yekare Russian vanokudzwa wemunda. Pasina mubvunzo, imba uye mupaka yakarasikirwa runako yaro yepakutanga, uye achiri hazvigoni kuenzaniswa zvakadai Estates akakurumbira sezvo Kuskovo uye Arkhangelskoye. Asi ayo mamiriro kunoshamisa ezvinhu kuti chete zvinogona kuitikawo pakushanyira nzvimbo iyi zvinoshamisa.