Lermontov kuti mabasa. Lermontov Mihail Yurevich: okugadzira zvinhu

. M. Yu Lermontov - akakurumbira Russian Classic kuti raiva rimwe chakajeka uye zvikuru unyanzvi vadetembi, vanyori prose, playwrights, uchidanana dzakasiyana. All mabasa uri pamusoro Lermontov kugomo lyrical, zvakakwana akapeta uye vachinzwisisa nyore nokuda muverengi. basa rake chaiko hunotifambira zvikuru pose nokukura akadai D. G. Bayron uye A. S. Pushkin.

dzinza

Anonziwo Lermontov ane midzi yawo kubva chizvarwa Scotland, George Lermontov, akanga ashumira Mambo kuPoland, panguva yokukombwa White Russian akabatwa. Akatangawo nevarwi Moscow mauto. Uye kubva 1613 akanga vakanyorwa mukushandira Kesari kweRussia, uye nokuda vakatendeka basa akapiwa nyika dziri Galichsky County (Kostroma).

Anonziwo Learmonth uye vaipfeka yakakurumbira mudetembi wokuScotland of XIII remakore - Thomas. Anonziwo Lerma aivawo Spanish Ishe. Saka Ndinotsvaka maererano madzitateguru-Scots, asi kupfuura zvose kwaari wakange dzevakawanda ukama Spanish Duke - mushumiri King Philip III. Lermontov kune kunyange 'Spanish' kutenderera nemicheka yakaisvonaka zveun'anga, nekuti aivawo rakaisvonaka Artist.

Panguva yokuberekwa nyanduri Lermontov akaberekwa varombo zvikuru. Baba Yuri Petrovich kwakaratidzwa ane akanaka wirirana uye wakanaka mwoyo, asi pfupi-kutsamwa zvikuru uye dzimwe nguva zvoufuza chaizvo. kuchamuka ake Kropotovka muna Efremov County bordered pamwe zita S. A. Arsenevoy (Nee Stolypin). mwanasikana wake - Maria M. uchidanana - asingagoni kubatsira asi achawira murudo muvakidzani uyu mashiripiti uye, pasinei wamai vake Kuratidzira, kuroorwa naye. Asi epamba mufaro wenguva pfupi, ndaneta nokuda tibhii uye huta breakdowns nokuda kuramba infidelities wake, iye akafa kwegore 1817.

Mihaila Lermontova pauduku

MuMoscow, October 3, 1814 akaberekwa Mikhail Lermontov. Somwana, akanga kurwara, nezvinyamusi uye huta mukomana. Akatambudzwa kubva diathesis, scrofula, uye gwirikwiti. Kwenguva refu ndakanga akavata panhovo nokuda kusimba, izvo zvakazoita kuti curvature ari makumbo. Pakafa amai Lermontov vepakutanga vakasiya kujeka chete, asi vadikamwi mwoyo wake mifananidzo. Mbuya Elizabeth Arsenyev akatora kutarisira mabasa ose ari kurerwa nevamwe hwake zvinyoronyoro hanya naye. Asi mwanakomana-iye asingagoni kumira mweya. Yuri Petrovich nokuda inovengana amai akamanikidzwa kusiya yavatezvara vake kusiya mwanakomana wake. Zvisinei, iye achiri akadonhedzwa kakawanda kuna mai vake chinangwa tonotora inozviitira Michael, asi zvose zvaiva pasina. Mukomana akaona ruvengo, zvakanga zvakaoma chaizvo kuti kuutakura zvose. Aigara vakatambura uye kumbozununguka pakati naambuya vake uye baba. Mumutambo player and Leidenschaften Lermontov akaratidza zvose zvakaitika panyaya iyi. Vakabva vatamira wakare yaambuya vake rainzi Tarkhany (Penza dunhu). Kune rovira, vose nyanduri wacho muduku.

Youth uye kuyaruka

Muna 1828, Lermontov akatanga kudzidza kuchikoro chebhodho pa Moscow University. Gare gare akaramba zvidzidzo ake panguva mabhuku dhipatimendi tsika chete. Asi pakupedzisira akamanikidzwa kuripa nokuda vakapopotedzana huru reactionary mapurofesa. Basa rake rakanga mubvunzo. Uye ambuya vangu vakaomerera kuti muzukurukomana wake akapinda murindi chikoro warandi vakuru uye vamabhiza Cadets. Young Lermontov kwete chaizvo akafuridzirwa mauto basa, asi panguva imwe chete, iye akarota guru zvakapembererwa akaita namadzibaba ake, kunyange zvazvo mumwoyo make vaiziva kuti panguva yakanakisisa, zviri kumirira hondo kuCaucasus.

Muna 1834 iye chikoro uye anoenda kushumira mumwe mumanzi Nizhny Novgorod Hussars. Basa rokutanga, yakabuda kudhindwa muna 1835, pasina ruzivo rwake, aiva nhetembo "Haji Abrek".

Links kuna Caucasus

mabasa Lermontov vakanga kazhinji rouprofita. Muna 1837 iye chose A. S. Pushkinu yenhamo nhetembo yake "Kufirwa nyanduri", iro blames nokuti rufu vose mukuru-pamwero simba kuRussia, akatungamirirwa chevaux Nicholas I. Akabva akatumwa muutapwa kuCaucasus. Papera gore akadzokera St. Petersburg, asi nokuda duel pamwe wokuFrance Ernest of Barant zvakare akatumira Caucasus iri Navi hondo. Muhondo, akaratidza kusingaenzaniswi ushingi uye ushingi, asi mambo haana mubayiro haana akati. Lermontov kunyange ndatovhiringidza pazororo St. Petersburg uye akarayira mazuva maviri kuti vabve muguta.

Paakadzoka chehondo, Lermontov muna Pyatigorsk akamira kuporesa zvishoma, asi ipapo akanga ari musoro kupopotedzana nokuda kusekwa ake, anofungidzirwa pamusoro Natalia Solomonovna - hanzvadzi Martynov, waunodzidza naye pachikoro rechiuto, kwaakanga kumbogara vakakavadzana. Akafunga kuti Lermontov aida naye, uye tsika yake Maria mu "Hero Chenguva Yedu," akarondedzera izvozvo kwaari. July 15, 1841 akatora nzvimbo duel. Her M. Yu. Lermontov akaurayiwa pakarepo N. S. Martynovym. The bara vakaenda zvakanaka kubudikidza naye kuburikidza mwoyo wake.

Kwenguva pfupi nguva yaakapiwa naMwari zvose izvi, akasika mabasa akakurumbira vakadaro Lermontov, uyo akava zvechokwadi ounyanzvi mabhuku Russian. Izvi uye "Rwiyo Merchant Kalashnikov" uye "ruzivo" uye "Dhimoni", uyewo akawandisa lyrical nhetembo, mitambo "anoedzesera" uye vasingafi yokufungidzira "Hero Chenguva Yedu".

"Ashik Kerib"

basa Lermontov kuti "Ashik Kerib" akasikwa ari kudanana Oriental ngano nezvorudo. Zvinonzi inobva chaiko kupatsanurwa Azerbaijani chevarwere ngano, akanzwa nyanduri nhapwa kuCaucasus. Izvi zvakanaka uye yakajeka basa rudo vaviri magamba duku murombo Ashik Kerib uye anoda ake - mwanasikana akapfuma mushambadzi Magul-Mageri. Ashik Kerib achaita zvose kuti kupfuma uye varoorane anodiwa ake. Asi akachenjera uye akachenjera Magul-Mageri neniwo haringamiri padivi pake vabatsire mukadzi zvinonyengera. Somugumisiro, vose vachatenda kufara pamwe chete. Ichi nyaya yakanaka une muverengi chete hazvisiyiwi zvinongoramba.

"Hero Chenguva Yedu"

The nganonyorwa "A Hero Chenguva Yedu" Lermontov akanyora nemakore 25, gore asati ake nezvorufu. nganonyorwa iyi wakasikwa muchimiro munhu enganonyorwa, nyaya pfupi, essays kufamba uye dhayari vakanyoresa. Nokuti munyori zvokuzarurirwa chikuru chaiva mufananidzo mukuru hunhu. Muna yokufungidzira, yaiteverwa zvitsauko, nhoroondo chokwadi hakusi hwatakazvarwa. Basa rakaoma nokuti mairi nyaya narrate matatu narrator: rokufambira mukuru, Maksim Maksimych, uye pakupedzisira, chikuru hunhu - Grigory Pechorin. Image Pechorin rose chigadzirwa kutaurwa dzakasiyana, mashoko nomweni, Nomuzikani pachavo uye shamwari gamba pachake. Muverengi zvishoma nezvishoma yakawanda yokunyatsoongorora zvepfungwa pamusoro Pechorin. First pachava zvachero, ipapo uye chete ipapo detailed gobvu ongororo uye introspection. "Hero Chenguva Yedu" Lermontov itange kubudiswa muna 1840 muna St. Petersburg rokubudisa imba achitungamirirwa them Glazunova.

"Nechikepe"

Pasinei zvakaoma uye negakava hunhu, Lermontov - zvinyoronyoro kudanana mwoyo uye musiki kukuru. Zvisingafi pfungwa dzinenge dzose mabasa Lermontov. "Nechikepe" - mumwe ounyanzvi ake makuru, akasiya nhaka ramangwana. Akanyora kudedera mweya wake, inomira panguva yokuchinja pamberi yenhamo zvisarudzo, uye panguva iyoyo mumwe mudetembi muduku, sokuti kuva takagadzirira chinhu. Aiva nemakore 17 chete. Angadai akava Decembrist kana echimurenga, asi mugumo waakagadzirira iye mumwe basa.

Brief anotevedzana tafura Lermontov

Vana Mabasa Lermontov

The Musoro pauduku kunoratidzwa nhamba mabasa uye kwagara shamwari basa rake. Zvevana nhetembo Nyanduri akakurumbira outsinye munyoro uye lyrical. Vari vakazadzwa kurimwewo mutsa uye ushamwari. Vana mabasa Lermontov zvinosanganisira nhetembo zvakadai zvikuru se "mwana", "Cossack lullaby", "Baby söpö rokuzvarwa" uye vamwe.

Akaoma upenyu Lermontov, asi pasinei ichi zvose, achiri muduku uye zvose ake "yendarama yechirimo" nguva dzose vaiona yakaisvonaka nguva muupenyu.

All mabasa Lermontov nemashoko mabhuku nevamwe uye nemamwe. Saka, vachiri ichifarirwa chero chizvarwa vaverengi.