Lasers mukurapa. Kushandiswa lasers mukurapa uye zvesayenzi

Mumakore makumi mashanu apfuura lasers dzave kushandiswa ophthalmology, oncology, epurasitiki oparesheni uye dzimwe nzvimbo mushonga uye anorapa achishandisa mitemo kutsvakurudza zhinji.

On mukana kushandisa chiedza kurapa chirwere yave kuzivikanwa kwezviuru zvemakore zvakapfuura. VaGiriki vekare uye vaIjipiti vaishandisa zuva nemwaranzi mushonga, uye pfungwa idzi mbiri vakatourayiwa ukama mumwe ari mungano - mwari Greek Apollo aiva mwari wezuva uye anoporesa.

Yakanga chete pashure coherent nemwaranzi kunobva nokugadzirwa makore anopfuura 50 adarika zvechokwadi akaratidza zvinogona kushandiswa chiedza mune zvokurapa.

Nokuda kwayo chaiyo ehupfumi, kuti Laser zvakawanda basa kudarika rezuva nemwaranzi kana kumwewo. Mumwe quantum jenareta ari kushanda nhete chaizvo wavelength siyana uye inongorira chiedza coherent. Uyewo, lasers mukurapa vachikubvumira kusika zvimwe simba. simba danda inogona pfungwa kuchinhu vashomashoma, chinoguma raro pakakwirira arambe achirema. ehupfumi izvi zvakakonzera kuti nhasi lasers zvinoshandiswa munzvimbo zhinji zvokurapa Diagnostics, marapirwo uye kuvhiya.

Skin uye ziso kurapwa

Kushandiswa lasers mukurapa akatanga ophthalmology uye dermatology. Maser yakavhurwa 1960. Uye gore rakatevera Leon Goldman akaratidza sei nesadhio tsvuku Laser mune zvokurapa zvingashandiswa kubvisa rirambe richibvira dysplasia, siyana nevi uye melanoma.

Chikumbiro ichi inobva coherent zvinyorwa chiedza kukwanisa kushanda pane imwe wavelength. Manyuko coherent mwaranzi ava kushandiswa chaizvo kubvisa namamota, nyora, bvudzi uye moles.

In dermatology, lasers anoshandiswa mhando dzakasiyana uye wavelengths, izvo zviri kukonzerwa nemarudzi akasiyana-siyana nemishonga maronda uye chikuru rokutora zvinhu mukati kwavari. The wavelength inobvawo paganda murwere.

Nhasi hazvibviri kuita dermatology uye ophthalmology pasina lasers, sezvo vava dzinokosha zvishandiso murwere hanya. Kushandiswa lasers kuti chiratidzo kururamiswa uye dzakasiyana-siyana ophthalmic mafomu yakawedzera pashure Charlz Kempbell muna 1961 akava chiremba wokutanga kushandisa tsvuku Laser mune zvokurapa kuti kurapa murwere retinal yokuzviparadzanisa.

Gare gare, nokuti chinangwa ichi, ophthalmologists kushandisa argon manyuko coherent mwaranzi iri nyoro chikamu chakarondedzera. Pano, zviri ehupfumi ziso, kunyanya izvo pfungwa danda mumunda retinal yokuzviparadzanisa dzaibatanidzwa. Zvikuru simba midziyo chaizvoizvo nayo welds.

Varwere mamwe marudzi macular degeneration aigona kubatsira Laser pokuvhiyiwa - Laser photocoagulation uye photodynamic kurapa. Muzana rokutanga muitiro, bango pamusoro coherent mwaranzi rinoshandiswa kuti Simbiso midziyo ropa ravo pathological tava kuderera kuwedzera pasi macula.

ongororo Similar yaiitwa muna 1940 pamwe chezuva, asi nokuda kwavo vakabudirira kuvakwa vanachiremba Paidiwa rakasiyana nemamwe ehupfumi kuti quantum emagetsi. Zvichitevera kushandisa imwe argon Laser yazova chemabhazi zvemukati kubuda ropa. Kusarudza Absorção de Água chiedza zvakasvibirira nokuda Chizenga - ruvara matsvuku masero - rave kushandiswa ichivharira ropa mudziyo ropa. Nokuti kurapa kenza kuparadza midziyo ropa mukati bundu uye ayo achivapa zvokudya.

Izvi hazvigoni kuitwa nokushandisa chiedza chezuva. Medicine iri kuchinja chaizvo, sezvo kuva, asi kunobva coherent mwaranzi akagamuchira kukudzwa zvayo munzvimbo dzakasiyana. Lasers mukurapa vakatsiva zvetsika zhinji Ezvemutauro.

Ophthalmology uye Dermatology akabatsirwawo excimer manyuko coherent mwaranzi ari ultraviolet siyana. Vakanzi kushandiswa zvikuru kuchinja Maumbirwe cornea (LASIK) nokuti zvawakaratidzwa kururamiswa. Lasers mu aesthetic mushonga aishandisa kubvisa echitema uye wrinkles.

Mari zvizorwa Kuvhiya

Izvi rwokugadzira vaizongoguma yakakurumbira zvokutengeserana vanoita, sezvo vane yakakura zvinogona purofiti. Nyanzvi makasimba Medtech Insight muna 2011 zvinofungidzirwa pamusika kuti Laser michina zvizorwa munokosha kupfuura $ 1 bhiriyoni. Zvechokwadi, pasinei kuderera zvinonyatsorehwa kudiwa utano hurongwa panguva yose kudzikira, zvizorwa kuvhiyiwa, kunobva pakushandisa lasers, kuramba vachinakidzwa kugadzikana vade muUnited States - chikuru Laser hurongwa pamusika.

Visualization uye Diagnostics

Lasers mukurapa basa rinokosha pakutanga kuonekwa kenza uye zvimwe zvirwere zvakawanda. Somuenzaniso, muna Tel Aviv, rimwe boka remasayendisiti vanofarira michini Spectroscopy kushandisa michini manyuko coherent mwaranzi. Chikonzero ichi ndechokuti kenza uye zvinyama utano vangava yakasiyana permeability muna michini siyana. Rimwe vaizotibata mafomu ose nzira iyi kuziva melanoma. kenza Skin, mangwanani chirwere kunokosha kwazvo nokupukunyuka varwere. Iye zvino, kuziva miedzo melanoma uri pameso, Ndizvo kuvimba chiremba unyanzvi.

MuIsraeri, kamwe pagore, mumwe munhu anogona kuenda akasununguka kuongorora melanoma. Makore anoverengeka apfuura mumwe chikuru vanachiremba nzvimbo aidzidzisa, izvo zvakazoita mukana zvakajeka kuona musiyano iri michini siyana musiyano pakati dzingangoitika, asi kwete maitiro ngozi, uye ino melanoma.

Katzir, ari murongi Conference rokutanga SPIE anorapa achishandisa mitemo optics muna 1984, uye chikwata chake Tel Aviv vave yakatangawo Manyiminya fibers kuti vari segirazi kune michini wavelengths, vachibvumira kuratidza nzira iyi kusvikira zvinorwisana Diagnostics. Uyezve, unogona kuva kurumidza nyarara pane remuromo smears mu Gynecology.

Blue semiconductor Laser mune zvokurapa kwave kushandiswa fluorescence kuongorora chirwere.

Systems hwakavakirwa quantum emagetsi vari kutanga kutsiva X-ray, iyo rakagara richidudzirwa kushandiswa mammography. Maekisirei vanachiremba akaisa parumananzombe yakaoma nokuti akavimbika kuonekwa kenza vanofanira yakakwirira zvikuru, asi nemwaranzi kukura roga kunowedzera ngozi yokubatwa nekenza. Nerumwe takadzidza mukana kushandisa nokukurumidza zvikuru Laser pulses kuti mufananidzo zamu, uye dzimwe nhengo dzomuviri dzakadai uropi.

Oct meso uye kwete chete

Lasers mu biology uye mushonga zvave kushandiswa Manyiminya coherence tomography (Oct), izvo zvakakonzera sefungu nechido. Ichi kuri chidobi anoshandisa maser zvivako uye anogona kupa zvakajeka (pamusoro hurongwa ane micron), munhu chaiye-nguva-dimensional matatu mufananidzo uye muchinjikwa chaivo tishu. Oct watopiwa kushandiswa ophthalmology, uye anogona Somuenzaniso, dzinoita ophthalmologist kuona chikamu pamuchinjikwa pakati cornea nokuda diagnosing retinal nepfungwa uye yemaziso. Nhasi, michina akatanga kushandiswa muna mamwe muminda zvokurapa.

Imwe nzvimbo kupfuura aumba yakafanira Oct vaiita kuwana faibha-Manyiminya kuri arteries. Optical coherence tomography inogona kushandiswa kuongorora hurumende asingatani atsamwira kuti kusagadzikana Dombo.

Microscopy zvipenyu

Lasers mune zvesayenzi, engineering, mushonga uyewo basa rinokosha mune marudzi akawanda microscopy. vazhinji tsvakurudzo chakaitwa munharaunda iyi, chinangwa kuona zviri kuitika mukati muviri murwere pasina kushandisa scalpel.

Chinonetsa kubvisa kenza ndiko kudikanwa kuramba kuita basa maikorosikopu, chiremba anogona nechokwadi zvose zvinoitwa nemazvo. Kugona kuita microscopy "mhenyu" uye nenguva chaiyo inokosha kubudirira.

A idzva kushanda lasers vari unyanzvi uye mishonga - kushanda pakuvheneka pedyo-munda Manyiminya microscopy, izvo zvinogona mifananidzo pamwe chisarudzo yakakwirira zvikuru kupfuura vaya kwakajairika nemaikorosikopu. Nzira iyi yakavakirwa Manyiminya fibers pamwe notches mativi, iduku pane wavelength wechiedza. Izvi akabvumira subwavelength kuri, uye nheyo kuti kuri masero zvoutachiona. Kushandiswa kwemichina iyi michini lasers kuchaita unzwisise chirwere cheAlzheimer, kenza, uye vamwe kuchinja masero.

Photodynamic kurapa uye nedzimwe nzira

Kubudirira mune Manyiminya fibers kubatsira kupa kushandisa lasers nezvimwe minda. Mukuwedzera, vanobvumira chirwere mukati mumuviri, nesimba coherent mwaranzi zvinogona kutapukira apo zvichidikanwa. Izvi zvinogona kushandiswa pakurapa. Fiber lasers vari zvikuru mberi. Ivo akanyatsosiyana kushandura ramangwana zvokurapa.

Munda Photomedicine, uchishandisa chiedza-inonyatsoziva makemikari anosangana muviri neimwe nzira, angada kushandisa lasers vose chirwere uye kurapwa wevarwere. In photodynamic kurapa (PST) Somuenzaniso, imwe Laser uye photosensitive mushonga anogona kudzorera chiratidzo varwere "nyoro" muchimiro zera-ukama macular degeneration, chikuru chinokonzera upofu muvanhu pamusoro makore 50.

In oncology dzimwe porphyrins kuunganidza mumasero kenza, uye fluoresce kana zvakavhenekerwa zvimwe wavelength, zvichiratidza nzvimbo bundu. Kana izvi chete yeimwe vari ipapo anoratidza zvakasiyana wavelength, vanova chepfu uye kuuraya dzaparadzwa masero.

A dzvuku nehelium-neon gasi Laser inoshandiswa mukurapa pakurapa osteoporosis, psoriasis, venous maronda, nezvimwewo, Sezvo kakawanda iyi zvakanaka yokuita zvinoitwa Chizenga uye makemikari. Radiation DZEMUNHU DZINODZORA kuzvimba, edema uye hyperemia kunodzivisa, kunonatsiridza ropa rive.

munhu zvichienderana kurapwa

dzimwe nzvimbo mbiri pane kushandiswa nokuda lasers - genetics uye epigenetics.

Mune ramangwana, zvose zvichaitika panguva nanoscale, izvo zvichaita kuti kuita mushonga muchitokisi akamboona. Lasers chinogona vaunze femtosecond pulses uye zvirire chairo wavelength, muri yakanaka vadyidzani kuti n'anga.

Izvi zvichaita kuzarura musuo kuti kurapa munhu zvichienderana inobva nomumwe romurwere genome.

Leon Goldman - muvambi Laser Medicine

Kutaura nokushandiswa lasers mukurapa vanhu, tisingatauri Leon Goldman. Unonzi ari "baba" kuti Laser mushonga.

A gore mushure coherent nemwaranzi panobva Goldman nokugadzirwa nevatsvakurudzi wokutanga kurishandisa kuti kurapwa kwezvirwere ganda. Nzira rakaiswa musayendisiti uyo rwakagadzirira nzira haizopereri kukura Laser dermatology.

tsvakurudzo ake nepakati Kuma1960 zvakatungamirira kushandisa aiti rubhi maser iri kuvhiyiwa pamusoro the retina uye kuti zvakawanwa dzakadai mukana coherent mwaranzi panguva akacheka ganda uye kunama midziyo ropa, vakaomerwa kubuda ropa.

Goldman, uyo akashanda kwemakore akawanda basa, dermatologist paYunivhesiti Cincinnati, akavamba American Society Lasers muna Nokuvhiya, uye akabatsira nheyo kuti Laser vakachengeteka. Akafa muna 1997

miniaturization

Okutanga 2-micron lasers kukura miviri mubhedha uye dzaserera mura senitrogen. Today akaonekwa diode kuti aenderane muchanza, uye kunyange zvakawanda vakasiyana faibha lasers. Kuchinja kwakadaro tichigadzira nzira mafomu itsva uye zviitiko. Medicine ramangwana vachava duku lasers kuti kuvhiyiwa uropi.

Nemhaka muzvigadzirwa mberi pane kuramba rutapudzo kuti mari. Sezvo lasers vava chakapararira nevatengi zvemagetsi, vakatanga basa rinokosha mune chipatara michina.

Kana lasers ambotaurwa mune zvokurapa raiva guru kwazvo uye kunzwisisa, izvozvo nhasi kugadzirwa avo Manyiminya fibers kuderedza mari, uye yezwi nanolevel yatichawana kuderedza mari.

mamwe mafomu

Kushandisa lasers urologists anogona kurapa urethral stricture, benign warts, mabwe Urinary, dundira contracture, uye yeprostate nedumbu.

Kushandiswa Laser mune zvokurapa kwakagonesa neurosurgeons kuti chaiwo maronda uye kuita endoscopic bvunzo uropi uye musana.

Veterinarians vanoshandisa lasers kuti endoscopic dzokuvhiya, coagulation anomera, incision, uye photodynamic kurapa.

Vanachiremba vemazino vanoshandisa chiedza coherent kugadzira maburi chingamu kuvhiyiwa antibacterial dzokuvhiya, mazino desensitization uye broken-chako kuongorora chirwere.

Laser tweezers

Vatsvakurudzi anorapa achishandisa mitemo vakashandisa Manyiminya tweezers yose, sero sorters, uyewo mamwe zvokushandisa zvakawanda. Laser tweezers kuvimbisa nani uye zvakawanda kukurumidza chirwere kenza uye anoshandiswa andobata nemavhairasi, mabhakitiriya, nemicheka simbi nezvimedu uye DNA tambo.

The Manyiminya tweezers coherent danda nemwaranzi rinoshandiswa kubata uye tenderera nemaziso zvinhu nenzira sezvo simbi kana mupurasitiki tweezers kugona kunhonga diki uye kusimba zvinhu. mamorekuru Munhu anogona kushandiswa nokunamatira kuti chimedu girazi kana micron kadikidiki marozari ose polystyrene. Kana danda paricharova bhora, hazvina curved uye ane diki Chaizvoizvo, kukuvadza bhora pakanangana kupinda nepakati danda.

Izvi zvinoita ane "Manyiminya musungo", iro anokwanisa nokuramba nezvimedu duku mune danda chiedza.

Laser mushonga: zvayakanakira nezvayakaipira

Nesimba coherent mwaranzi, kusimba izvo zvinogona modulated, rinoshandiswa kugera, kuparadza kana shandurudzo muchitokisi kana extracellular maumbirwo zvoutachiona munyama. Uyezve, kushandisa lasers mukurapa, muna pfupi, zvinoderedza mukana wokutapukirwa uye kunoita anoporesa. Kushandiswa lasers vari kuvhiyiwa kunowedzera rakarurama akachekwa, zvisinei, ivo ngozi kuvakadzi vane mimba uye pane contraindication kuti kushandisa photosensitizing zvinodhaka.

The kunzwisisa maumbirwo munyama haibvumiri munhu inonzwisisika kududzirwa migumisiro dzenhoroondo zvoutachiona assays. Lasers muna Medicine (mufananidzo) ndivo kunobatsira kuparadzwa masero kenza. Zvisinei, mabhuku simba coherent mwaranzi vari wavaiona uye kuparadza kwete chete kukanganiswa, asiwo akapoteredza tishu. pfuma iyi - chinokosha chokushandisa microdissection nzira yaishandiswa samolecular Kuongororwa munzvimbo kufarira zvingangoita kuparadzwa zvokusarudza masero okushamisira. Chinangwa zvigadzirwa izvi kukurira heterogeneity chipo ose zvipenyu nyama, kuitira kuti kugarwa tsvakurudzo yavo yakajeka vemo. Mupfungwa iyi, iyo Laser microdissection akaita rakakura kukura kutsvakurudza kunzwisisa vasiri zvigadziriswe kuti nhasi inogona akanyatsoratidza panguva yevagari sandara, uye kunyange sero rimwe chete.

Functional zvinyama ouinjiniya ava chinhu chikuru kukura zvipenyu. Chii chinoitika kana isu Akacheka actin fibers ari weboka? Tichasimbiswawo Drosophila mudumbu akatsiga kana kuparadza masero kana aigona kupetwa ezvinhu? Ndezvipi parameters kunobatanidzwa chirimwa meristem mapazi? Vose nyaya idzi dzinogona kugadziriswa tichibatsirwa lasers.

Nanomedicine

Munguva ichangopfuura, mumwe muzvizhinji kuti nanostructures une zvivako akakodzera dzakasiyana-siyana zvipenyu mafomu. Chinonyanya kukosha vari:

• quantum Dots - emitting duku tudonhwe nanometer hukuru zvaishandiswa mukuru-wanda kuri sero;
• rinobva nanoparticles izvo ndawana kushanda mu okurapa;
• polymer nezvimedu nokuti encapsulated kuchirapa mamorekuru;
• esimbi nanoparticles.

Kukura Nanotechnology uye kushandisa lasers mukurapa, muna pfupi, akaita revolutionized nzira kutungamirira zvinodhaka. The suspensions pamusoro nanoparticles ine zvinodhaka anogona kuwedzera kuchirapa indekisi zvakawanda yeimwe (efficacy uye vawedzere solubility, nechepazasi toxicity) nezvatinoita zvokusarudza pamusoro kwakakanganisa nyama uye masero. Vachikukumikidzai zvinoshingaira chirungiso uyewo kudzorwa kusunungurwa vanoshingaira pazvokudya mukupindura zviwane. Nanoteranostika experimental kusvika zvatowedzera ichipa hunyambiri kushandisa nanoparticles, zvinodhaka remubatanidzwa kurapa uye chirwere kuri nevasori, izvo kunozarura nzira munhu zvichienderana kurapwa.

Kushandiswa lasers mukurapa uye zvipenyu nokuda microdissection uye fotoablatsii akabvumira pamwero yakasiyana-siyana kunzwisisa vasiri zvigadziriswe pakati kukura chirwere. Zvinobuda zvichakubatsira kuona yakanakisisa nzira nechirwere uye kurapwa neimwe murwere. Nanotechnology budiriro iri pedyo chokuita nokubudirira munyika kuri munda kuchavawo zvinokosha. Nanomedicine ndiyo aizobudirira itsva muchimiro pakurapa mamwe kenza, zvirwere kana chirwere.