Robert Merton: a Biography yaiva yakakurumbira nyanzvi. Robert Merton mupiro kuna evanhu

Robert Merton - yakakurumbira nyanzvi, mudzidzisi uye yemarudzi mufananidzo, mumwe vaitungamirira vaongorori ari evanhu remakore rechi20. Iye vakakwanisa sowakajeka kuchinja stereotypical mafungiro, iyo refu inoitwa masayendisiti kuti eccentric shasha haisi wakasungwa mitemo nemirayiro. Zviri ichi muviri basa uye akaumba hwaro navo 1994 National menduru kuti kubudirira kwesayenzi.

Merton akagashira dzakawanda mibayiro yokutsvakurudza ake. Akanga musayendisiti wokutanga munzanga, uyo akanga apedza honorary nhengo National Academy of Sciences uye mumiririri vatorwa kuna Royal Swedish Academy of Sciences, akabudisa wandei nenyanzvi mabasa ari Sociological dzidziso uye kwemashoko.

akapa makore anopfuura 70 vadzidzi vake kwazvo hurukuro pamusoro nhoroondo, mabhuku uye Mabviro, uyewo Sociological dingindira: nenhepfenyuro basa, anatomi kuti urudzi, zvemagariro maonero, nevokunze pamusoro Insiders.

Ngatidzidzei zvakawanda pamusoro murume uyu mukuru.

Robert Merton: A Biography

Akaberekwa muna Philadelphia, July 4, 1910 mumhuri yechiJudha vatama. baba vake aiva purofesa wemagariro evanhu panguva Columbia University, uye amai vakapa zvose zvavo simba dzidzo yevana.

Akadzidza ari chesekondari South Philly. In hwake akanga kakawanda muenzi kuna Endryu Karnegi raibhurari iri Academy of Music, Museum of Art uye netsika uye rokudzidzisa vamwe nzvimbo.

Ndava nemakore 14, akachinja zita rake kuti Merlin, pashure zvikuru chakavanzika vatambi vari ngano ramambo Arthur. Asi shamwari akamuudza kuti akanga zvakare "mashiripiti", uye iye vakaritsiva pamwe Merton.

zvedzidzo basa

Basa rake Sociological akatanga vachitungamirirwa George Simpson kubva Temple College uye Pitirima Sorokina wepaHarvard University, uyo zvaibatanidzwa empirical uye Statistical tsvakurudzo.

Muna 1936, Robert King Merton akagamuchira doctorate yake kubva Harvard University. Muna 1939 akava purofesa uye musoro wedhipatimendi wemagariro evanhu panguva Tulane University, uye muna 1941 akabatana Columbia University. Muna 1963, iye akapiwa zvepamusoro - purofesa yunivhesiti.

Munguva kubva muna 1942 kusvika muna 1971, akashanda se Deputy Director of Bureau of Zvakarurama Social Research University. Paivawo mudzidzisi panguva Rockefeller University. Muna 1985, munyika kuziva mupiro wake chinokosha sayenzi uye yenguva refu uye basa zvibereko nenguva Columbia University, iye paakavapa musoro Dhokotera Science.

Robert Merton akanga akaroora kaviri. Kubva muchato wake wokutanga akanga vaviri vanakomana nevanasikana vaviri. mwanakomana wake, Robert C. Merton muna 1997 vakava muridzi muna Nobel Prize muna Economics.

Robert Merton akafa February 23, 2003.

Mibayiro uye mibayiro

Panguva yake basa sayenzi Merton akambomisa zvinzvimbo inokosha akawanda:

- mutevedzeri Director of Bureau of Zvakarurama Social Research pana Columbia University, (1942-1971 biennium).

- muvimbwi Muzinda Advanced Study muna Behavioral Sciences pana Stanford University , (1952-1975 biennium).

- President of American Sociological Association (1957).

Robert Merton vagamuchirawo pamusoro mibayiro akawanda:

- mumwe repamusoro bhezari kubva American Council of Akadzidza Societies (1962);

- Commonwealth Prize pamusana kunoshamisa kubudirira mune evanhu (1970);

- Makaratur Award mu chikoro (muna 1980);

- Prize "ndiani Ndivanaani America" nokuti mukuru kubudirira mumunda sayenzi evanhu (1984);

- muna 1985, Columbia University paakavapa iye musoro Dhokotera Science.

Robert Merton: mupiro evanhu

Zvesayenzi basa Merton dzinowanzotsigi- nezvezvandaifanira munhu "pakati Range dzidziso" okukura. Mairi, akakurudzira masayendisiti kudzivisa guru dzidziso dzokufungidzira uye zvakaoma, uyewo pedantic kubvunzurudza kuti kashoma kuti avatungamirire kuti zvibereko zvabuda.

Achiri kudzidza mudzidzi paHarvard University (1936), mu nyaya yake "Social Structure uye Anomie" akanyora pamusoro neeSultan ose kuipa maitiro uye mhosva. A guru chikamu mberi "Sociological hanya" Merton akapfuurira kudzidza evanhu kuzvidzora uye kutsauka matambudziko.

Robert Merton dzidziso kunosimbiswa chokwadi kuti vanhu kazhinji kuyera mikana yavo mumagariro uye zvausingakwanisi nekambani; hauzununguki kushandisa vanhu vose munzanga ( "Matthew chaizvoizvo"), izvo oedza swatanudza paradzira. Iye akaratidza fragility pamusoro chakaipa siyana evanhu murau semasangano utungamiriri, chikuru tsika uye nemitemo basa.

"The dzemunharaunda nemasayendisiti" uye dzimwe pfungwa

Robert King Merton zvinganaka rinokosha "mitemo sayenzi" sezvo chine nevatambi iyo masayendisiti vanofanira kutsvaka:

- communalism - sayenzi pakachena muvanhu;

- universalism - science "hakuiti kusarura ';

- udyire - sayenzi nechitarisiko zvinhu sezvazviri;

- rakarongeka Kusava nechokwadi - sayenzi Kuongorora zvose pfungwa uye zvokufungidzira.

Akaitawo chaizvo Sociological pfungwa munharaunda, kusanganisira pfungwa dzakadai se "uprofita vaizviti richigutsa", "kupedzisira yakaipa" uye rokuti "obliteration ne kukumbanidzwa" - kana dzidziso zvokuti aisimbisa kuti ayo muvambi vanokanganwa pamusoro musimboti dzidziso iyi. Akatanga pfungwa "nguva" kurondedzera izvi akazvimiririra matongo mune zvesayenzi.

rezvedzidzo mukana wokushandiswa

Mukutanga 60-ies pakati Merton iye mukusanzwisisa adzidze zvikuru nemagariro uye sangano zvinhu mubasa masayendisiti. Raisanganisira kwazvo Kuongorora basa Nobel Prize vakundi, kuti makwikwi muitiro, ukama huri pakati mabhuku uye kutsvakurudza uye matambudziko hunhu kuwanika uye kugamuchirwa zviri "umambo" sayenzi.

Nyanzvi Robert Merton akaratidzawo mukana wokushandiswa ungwaru kudzidza mibvunzo pamusoro yokungotaura Formulations anobatsira typology uye kupatsanura, empirical tsvakurudzo uye hunoshanda zvinorehwa Sociological basa revanhukadzi ano.

basa nesayenzi

Huru dzesayenzi mabasa mukutanga muupenyu Merton: "Science, ano uye munzanga nemanomwe remakore mu England" (1938), "Social dzidziso uye Social Structure" (Shanduro dzakawanda dzakabudiswa kubva 1949 kusvika 1968).

Gare gare akabudisa mabasa akadai: "Doctor Student" (1957), "wemagariro evanhu Sayenzi: yokungotaura uye Empirical Studies" (1973), "Sociological Ambivalence nevamwe essays" (1976), "zvidzidzo Social uye kuita kuti basa "(1982).

Vamwe mabasa simba iri dzakaunganidzwa essays rakapepetwa Coser (vakanga rakabudiswa muna 65th gore Robert): "Pfungwa evanhu mamiriro: mapepa vachikudza Merton" (1975).

Somugumisiro, tinogona kutaura kuti Robert Merton - munhu mukuru, piyona mumunda ano enyika uye Sociological zvidzidzo. Iye anonzi rimwe zvikuru magariro masayendisiti ose America. Akava nyanzvi vekutanga yokutsvakurudza ake akagashira dzakawanda mibayiro uye mibayiro. Muupenyu hwake basa anodarika 20 mumayunivhesiti (kusanganisira Harvard, Yale, Columbia uye Chicago) Merton akanga paakavapa honorary madunhurirwa. mabasa ake nesayenzi uye nhasi vane yakakwirira kudiwa pakati vaongorori uye vadzidzi.