Lake Tengiz muna Kazakhstan: mapikicha, tsananguro

Munguva zuva Kazakhstan, pane madhamu vanopfuura zviuru makumi mana. Kune dzinovakwa uye anopfuura 4,000 reservoirs nevanhu, kuunganidza guru reserves mvura yakachena.

The nouwandu remvura makungwa yakasiyana Zvichienderana zones: mumwe inowanzorimwa munyika dzine vari vangasvika 740 makungwa, inowanzorimwa munyika dzine - pamusoro 1870 mu Semi - 216, muzvinhu murenje - 142. The zvachose penyika nharaunda yose mvura madziva Anosvika 45 zviuru ba M.. makiromita. Remasangano pavo - Zaisan, Alakol, Balkhash, uye Sasykkol Seletyteniz. Pakati pavo pane imwe shungu-wakawanda nyanza Tengiz, iyo ichakurukurwa munyaya ino.

Vazhinji madhamu kutambanudzira nokuti Turan uye reCaspian pamapani, pamapani kuWest Siberian, munzvimbo dzemakomo zasi-kumabvazuva ehurumende uye mune yakaderera makomo Saryarka. Vanenge vose mira, saka ane munyu mvura. In reservoirs zhinji ndiye munyu mugodhi.

Closed nyanza: nzvimbo, saizi

Zviri dziva munharaunda State Korgalzhin Reserve, mune tectonic mwoyo pakati Sary-Arka (Uplands). In Lake Tengiz, ine zvitsuwa zviduku zvakawanda, nzizi dzinoyerera kupinda Kulanutpes uye Nura.

Nzvimbo rwokuzvarwa dura ndiyo 1590 mativi mamita. makiromita, pamwe kureba kureba kwarwo 75 km kudzika rinosvika nzvimbo 8 metres uye upamhi ndiyo 40 makiromita.

tsananguro

Flat pasi dura, anoisa akapeta dema sludge yakakodzera kuchirapa kushandiswa. Mvura wakawanda.

Lake Tengiz muKazakhstan rakanyatsojeka guru, saizi yayo katatu hombe Lake Constance. building zvakawanda yazara. Rinodya mudziva iri kunyanya snowmelt mvura. Mumakore driest makore, zvikuru kwegungwa hwaoma. Muna December Tengiz yaita chando, uye muna April akazarurwa. The Zvinoumba mvura kunosanganisira munyu (salinity kwegungwa kubva 3 kusvika 12.7 magiramu muzana m³, uye muGulf - 18.2 magiramu muzana m³).

Tengiz zvinokosha pakuti kokutanga munhoroondo nzvimbo chirongwa Soviet akabudirira splashdown nzvimbo basa vashandi "Soyuz-23".

The peculiarity kwegungwa

Lake Tengiz yokusiyana ndechokuti rimwe shoma nzvimbo zvinoshamisa yakanaka upenyu hwaAbhigairi shiri - zvenyika nechokumusoro maberekero nevanhu Pink flamingoes.

Uyu dzakangwarira chaizvo shiri kuti vanosarudza dendere zvakaoma kuisa vanhu. Hazvishamisi, vakagara pazviwi kwegungwa; yazadza dzimwe nzvimbo munyu goko. Panguva imwe chete pano dendere kusvika 14 kilobases, uye uwandu vanhu zvachose ungasvika 60,000.

Vanorarama pano uye zvisinganyanyi kuitika dema nezimudo, tsvuku-chipfuva hanzi , uye whooper swans. In yakakura inowanzorimwa denga uchigara pamusoro pegungwa vanozvikudza inowanzorimwa makondo. Chete hapana hove pano.

Total mararamiro

Sezvo 1968, vakawanda munharaunda yacho yakapoteredza Lake Tengiz ari kuchengetedzwa nzvimbo uye chikamu Kurgaldzhino kuchengeterwa wokuvhima. Kazhinji, asingakwezvi gungwa pamusoro waterfowl ohotopromyslovyh shiri zvakadai duck uye shiri, asi ndiyo nzvimbo kukuru nesting gulls, sandpipers uye terns. Reedbeds vari kumusha zhinji mhando waterfowl, kwete chete panguva maberekero wavo, asi panguva moulting nguva (kuguma chirimo) uye panguva yematsutso uye chitubu akatama.

In ichi yakasiyana dzinongoitika nharaunda, masayendisiti kuverengwa 50 mhando mhuka, 318 eshiri uye 340 marudzi zvinomera. Zvikuru chitsamba mhuka dzakadai namapere uye inowanzorimwa antelopes. On zvakawanda muzvitsuwa undrained Lake Tengiz dendere, kunze chambotaurwa nezvacho flamingoes, uye akanyorwa muna Red Book of DALMATIAN nekondo (mbiri 500 chete). Ari steppes anogona kuwanikwa Numidian kondo.

Kukosha chengetedza

Pakuchengetedza mararamiro kwakasimbiswa akapoteredza madhamu Zvakakosha zvikuru kwete chete nokuda Kazakhstan, nekuti munzvimbo idzi piringisha maviri makuru dzinotama migwagwa shiri - Siberian-South European uye Central Asian. Geographical (Nhongonya kondinendi Eurasian), rakasiyana nemamwe nzvimbo yacho kuchengeterwa kwakakosha. Kuvapo yakadaro mudziva gadziriro mukati nharaunda iyi (nharaunda ine Semi-yakaoma ekunze - steppes uye Semi-mumarenje) Zvinokosha chaizvo.

Zvisaririra kwevanhu kukanganisa hunhu nzvimbo idzi zvishoma, saka nzvimbo yave rakaramba wayo dzinongoitika dzinongoitika kutarira. Nhasi hakusi kuwedzerera kutaura kuti nzvimbo iyi yakasiyana nedzimwe zvakazara ndowenyika hunhu, izvo akasika upfumi kwakadaro.

mhedziso

Lake Tengiz chikamu nhoroondo sechinhu vakatozodzokera zviitiko zvinokosha zvikuru kuti nhasi. Mune ramangwana, Korgalzhyn Reserve gore vari aronga kuMutambo rinonzi "Flamingo".

The chiitiko izvo ndehwokuti anokwezvera kuchengetedza zvisingawanzoitiki eshiri, uye kwete chete rinotsigira Foundation kuti kuchengetedzwa razvo pamusoro Kazakhstan uye EIMRC (Eurasian Natural Resources Corporation). Unique uye yakanaka kuti Kazakhstan nharaunda pamwe makungwa zhinji.