Kwokupedzisira pfungwa: marongerwo uye mashandiro

Large (okupedzisira) uropi mukufamba shanduka akazviratidza gare gare pane dzimwe madhipatimendi. Kukura kwayo uye uremu yekudyidzana kupfuura dzimwe zvikamu. Pepa zvichakurukurwa kuti mufananidzo wake. Uropi hwomunhu Rinobatanidzwa ne kuratidzwa kwazvo pamusoro zvedzidzo uye nepfungwa basa. Muviri ane asi kunzwisisa chivakwa. Next, funga sechivako uropi wayo yokupedzisira nezvinangwa.

mamiriro

The Kuronga nhau dhipatimendi zvinosanganisira zvikamu makuru maviri. hunoita nhengo nhatu hemisphere chokuita mumwe kuburikidza corpus callosum. Between zvikamu izvi zvakare vaedzwa adhesions: Arch undovakira uye mberi. Tichitarisa mamiriro yomugumo-uropi, unofanira kuteerera mhango ari dhipatimendi ichi. Vanoumba lateral ventricles: kurudyi. Mumwe nomumwe wavo riri mune runoenzanirana chidimbu. Mumwe ventricular namasvingo aumba segirazi partition.

zvikamu

Hemisphere anofukidza pamusoro goko. Izvi pfumbu nyaya layer iyo chakaumbwa Tutsinga tunofambisa mashoko utwu 50 marudzi. Pasi goko akaronga chena hwakasimba. Inoitwa myelinated fibers. Vazhinji vavo rinobatanidza cortex nevamwe pfungwa nzvimbo uye madhipatimendi. Munguva chena yacho pane zvisumbu vachena - the basal ganglia. Pakazosvika hemispheres uropi hunde uye thalamus increments. Kuti delimit zvikamu zviri thalamus zvenguva paiva chena nyaya kadhi inonzi zvemukati Kamudzira. Hemispheric kutsaurira mumwe nokuda longitudinal slits. In mumwe chidimbu pane vatatu pose - rezasi, lateral uye medial - uye sezvo zhinji micheto: epanyama, occipital uye frontal.

Nejasi pamusoro eremendi

In nechimwe chidimbu, chikamu ichi uropi rakakamurwa chakapatsanurwa kubudikidza Kunetsana yakadzika uye crevices. Primary zvinoreva zvachose paumbwe muviri. Ivo achiumbwa embryonic Danho (mwedzi mishanu). The Kudeuka zvinosanganisira longitudinal cheap car insurance (yakagovana zvikamu) uye transverse (Anopatsanura cerebellum kubva occipital akafukidza). Secondary uye kunyanya - dzidzo tertiary iri pakutsvaga munhu zvikamu rokuyamura (anogona kuonekwa mufananidzo). Uropi hwomunhu kunokudziridzwa, kwete chete muna pamuviri munguva. Somuenzaniso, ari wechipiri tertiary grooves vari kuumbwa makore 7-8 aberekwa. The zororo, iro rine wokupedzisira tambo, nzvimbo yechigarire hurongwa uye guru gyri vanhu vakawanda akafanana. Mumwe chidimbu ari oga nokuda zvikamu zvitanhatu: chikamu ichocho ndicho chinoita, Akaroa, epanyama, occipital, parietal uye frontal.

lateral pamusoro

Telencephalon munzvimbo iyi inosanganisira rolandovu (nechepakati) muforo. Narwo wakaparadzanisa parietal uye frontal lobes. Uyewo chipo pamusoro pemvura Sylvius (lateral) muforo. Kubudikidza naye parietal uye frontal lobes takaparadzaniswa zvenyama. Sezvo anteroinferior Muganhu occipital nharaunda anoshanda yokufungidzira mutsetse. Unotangira yokumusoro pamucheto parietal-occipital sulcus. The mutsetse inoendeswa rezasi kumugumo hemisphere. Island (Akaroa) akafukidza nzvimbo rwenyama, parietal uye frontal kumatunhu. It iri lateral paburi (a kudzika). Next kuti corpus callosum pamusoro medial divi chikamu ichocho ndicho chinoita mugove iri. It anosiiwa dzimwe nharaunda kubudikidza bhandi paburi.

Brain: Anatomy. frontal akafukidza

Rine zvinotevera zvinhu:

• Prednetsentralnaya muforo. Chete zita gyrus yaiva pakati payo uye nechepakati rusesi.
• Frontal sulcus (okumusoro). Wokutanga kuva zvikamu zvitatu: pasi raitenderera (orbital), mativi (mativi) opercular (pokryshkovuyu). Pakati grooves nhema frontal gyrus: rokumusoro, yakaderera uye pakati.
• Horizontal mberi muforo uye wakakwirira bazi.
• Medial frontal gyrus. It anosiiwa chikamu ichocho ndicho chinoita cingulate sulcus.
• Plot cingulate.
• The orbital uye olfactory sulcus. Vari iri rezasi divi iri frontal akafukidza. Mugore olfactory sulcus nhema chete zita zvinhu: girobhu racho, zviri Triangle uye turakiti.
• Direct gyrus. Chobudira pakati medial kuguma hemisphere uye olfactory sulcus.

Anterior nyanga yacho lateral ventricle rinoenderana frontal akafukidza.

Mabasa cortical nzvimbo

Kufunga yokupedzisira pfungwa marongerwo uye mashandiro anoita muviri ichi, zvinokosha kutsanangura basa madhipatimendi ari frontal akafukidza:

• Perednetsentralnaya gyrus. Apa pane cortical musimboti injini analyzer, kana kinesthetic centre. In mapazi ichi anopinda imwe mari afferent fibers kubva thalamus. Vanotakura proprioceptive mashoko kubva mapfundo netsandanyama. Munzvimbo iyi, kutanga nokuburuka akananga musana uye hunde. Anopa mukana kunzwisisa mutemo nemafambiro. Kana mugumo-uropi richakanganisika munzvimbo iyi, kunouya kuoma rumwe rutivi rwomuviri.
• Rwemberi wechitatu pakati frontal gyrus mu. Heino Nhongonya girafu (tsamba) uye associative vatambi nharaunda.
• Rwemberi chetatu rezasi frontal gyrus. nzvimbo iyi ndiyo musimboti-Speech.
• Avhareji uye pamberi chetatu paavhareji, okumusoro chikamu frontal gyrus. Munharaunda iyi ndipo Anterior cortical associative nharaunda. It anotakura yakasiyana zvirongwa kunzwisisa maitiro siyana. The mapazi ari medial frontal gyrus uye frontal danda chokuita mutemo emotiogenic nzvimbo dziri chikamu ichocho ndicho chinoita ino. nzvimbo iyi chokuita kudzorwa psycho-mupfungwa background.
• Anterior frontal gyrus avhareji. Pane mapazi ose unobatanidzwa kutenderera kwemaziso uye musoro.

parietal akafukidza

It rinoenderana pakati munharaunda lateral ventricle. Telencephalon munzvimbo iyi inosanganisira postcentral gyrus uye muforo parietal lobule - kumusoro uye pasi. Zvinokonzera parietal akafukidza inopfuura precuneus. The mamiriro kuuyawo interparietal muforo. Munzvimbo yakaderera riri gyrus - chisina kutsetseka uye supramarginal uye paracentral mugove zvidimbu.

Mabasa cortical nzvimbo dziri parietal akafukidza

Achirondedzera pfungwa marongerwo uye kushanda mamiriro ichi anofanira dzinounzwa kuna nzvimbo yakadai:

• Front fungidziro kunopindirana nehanya. muzinda uyu ganda analyzer uye akabvuma nemakwati postcentral gyrus.
• Fungidziro muviri redunhu chikamu. It unoenderana kumucheto intraparietal sulcus.
• Akabatanidza dhipatimendi "stereognosis". Iye anomiririrwa tsanga analyzer (ganda) kuziva zvinhu panguva palpation. muzinda uyu unoenderana rokumusoro goko pamusoro parietal lobes.
• Akabatanidza dhipatimendi "Prax." The pakati anoita basa ongorora kufamba chinangwa dzose. It rinoenderana cortex supramarginal gyrus.
• Kutaura Associative Manyiminya vakaparadzana anomirira tsamba analyzer - pakati zviratidzo. mapazi Izvi rinoenderana chisina kutsetseka gyrus yacho cortex.

Brain: Anatomy. rwepanyama akafukidza

On yaro lateral divi nhema grooves zviviri: yakaderera uye yokumusoro. Ivo, pamwe chete lateral muganhu gyrus. The pasi penyika zvenyama akafukidza pachena muganhu kuti wakapatsanura nayo kubva musana, vasipo. Around ari lingual gyrus iri occipitotemporal. Kubva pamusoro payo ndeyevanyori rubatso sulcus chikamu ichocho ndicho chinoita nzvimbo, uye lateral - rwepanyama occipital. The mugove unoenderana yepazasi nyanga yacho lateral ventricle.

Mabasa cortical nzvimbo zvenyama akafukidza

• Pakati mugove yokumusoro convolutions ari aro okumusoro divi, navamwe cortical auditory analyzer. Rwemberi wechitatu gyrus zvinosanganisira auditory kutaura nzvimbo. Kana kukuvara munzvimbo nomukurukuri mashoko anonzwisiswa sezvo ruzha.
• Rezasi uye pakati munharaunda convolutions rine cortical nepakati vestibular analyzer. Kana paine akadamburwa yokupedzisira kushanda kwouropi, havachakwanisi kuramba takatsiga vakamira, kuderedza aikanganiswa ari vestibular midziyo.

chitsuwa

chikamu ichi ane paanogumira mune lateral uye circumferential paburi. Anofungidzirwa munharaunda iyi uropi basa vanoonekwa vari kuongorora gustatory uye olfactory nezvekufadza. Mukuwedzera, munzvimbo dambudziko chinowanzoitika zvinosanganisira auditory kutaura maonero uye somatosensory ruzivo kugadzira.

chikamu ichocho ndicho chinoita mugove

Nzvimbo iyi iri pamusoro medial penyika Hemisférios Cerebrais. It unotora bhandi, parahippocampal uye dentate gyrus, rokuPacific. Sezvo chikamu mugove miganhu Vatsigiri sulcus yacho corpus callosum. Iye, kunyura, zvinofamba mukati rusesi yacho hippocampus. Pasi paburi ichi, akavapindurawo, mune nizhnerogovoy mhango pakati lateral ventricle ndiyo gyrus. Pamusoro rusesi iri corpus callosum nhema mumwe muganhu. mutsetse uyu - bhandi paburi - Anopatsanura cingulate gyrus, Anopatsanura parietal uye frontal lobes ose chikamu ichocho ndicho chinoita. With Isthmus cingulate anopinda parahippocampal. Ekupedzisira rinopera nechiredzo.

dhipatimendi zvinangwa

Parahippocampal uye cingulate chokuita chikamu ichocho ndicho chinoita hurongwa. uropi basa munzvimbo iyi zvine chokuita kudzora yakaoma psycho-mupfungwa, maitiro uye autonomic dzekukurira mikana yakawanda yokukurudzira kwezvakatipoteredza. Parahippocampal nzvimbo uye haka zvinosanganisira cortical munharaunda olfactory uye gustatory analyzer. Panyaya iyi, iyo hippocampus Rinobatanidzwa ne anokwanisa kudzidza kuti anosarudza kuti zvigadziriswe refu uye simba rokuyeuka.

occipital nharaunda

On yaro lateral divi nhema transverse muforo. The medial Chikamu achikanganisa ikoko. Behind mitemo yayo calcarine, uye pamberi - the parietal-occipital sulcus. Uyewo pane medial chikamu dzinounzwa lingual gyrus. Kubva pamusoro payo ipfupi calcarine, uye pazasi - rubatso sulcus. Occipital akafukidza rinoenderana posterior nyanga yacho lateral ventricle.

Madhipatimendi occipital nharaunda

In mapazi ichi, voga nzvimbo yakadai:

• Kutarisana fungidziro. chidimbu ichi riri mune cortex, iyo ichikutadzisa calcarine muforo.
• Associative ziso. Muzinda iri muna dorsal chikamu cortex.

chena nyaya

Rinomiririrwa muchimiro dzakawanda fibers. Ivo vanokamurwa muzvikwata zvitatu:

• Fungidziro. chikamu ichi chinomiririrwa mwanda kuti efferent uye afferent fibers. Kuburikidza navo pane kubatana pakati fungidziro nzvimbo uye basal hunde uye musana nuclei.
• Associative. fibers izvi zvinopa remubatanidzwa wenyika cortical nzvimbo mukati chete hemisphere. Vari rakakamurwa pfupi uye refu.
• Commissural. zvinhu izvi vasunge cortical mapazi akatarisana hemispheres. Commissural idzodzo ndivo: corpus callosum, Anterior commissure uye posterior commissure uye nzvimbo.

goko

Its chikuru chikamu kuchibva neocortex. Izvi "kuhukura itsva", ndoupiko unonyanya filogeneticheki mushakabvu pfungwa inotungamirwa. Neocortex rinotangira anenge 95,9% pakati pemvura. Zvakasara uropi rinowanika as:

• Old kuhukura - arhiokorteksa. Zvinonzi munzvimbo zvenyama akafukidza rinonzi Amoni nyanga, kana hippocampus.
• goko Ancient - paleocortex. inotungamirwa ichi anopindura nharaunda iri frontal akafukidza pedyo olfactory girobhu racho.
• Mezokorteksa. Ichi duku nzvimbo yakabatana paleocortex.

Old uye rekare goko ari vertebrates kuonekwa kwokutanga pane vamwe. idzodzo izvi zvinoitika chinyakare zvemukati marongerwo.