Kweropa uye kufema wemuTesitamende mhuka. Mitumbi achiumba kweropa mamiriro mhuka

Munyaya ino tichakurukura kweropa negadziriro mhuka, yenhengo dzayo uye zvaidiwa kushanda. Nokuti zvose zvipenyu zvakakosha. Ichi muviri gasi Exchange, zvekufambisa nezvinovaka muviri, paumbwe kutapata uye kuramba homeostasis. Nokuda peculiarities sei zvichiita kudaro dzakaoma mabasa?

Ndivanaani mhuka

Mhuka vane zvinoverengeka systemic zviratidzo. Chokutanga, zviri calving mukaka, izvo aburitswa kushandiswa mumasero ose vanhukadzi. mhuka yose vane makumbo kuti anoiswa pasi muviri, uye bvudzi, nguva nenguva kuchinja panguva molting. In mhuka idzi ganda rine kwete chete mukaka, asiwo ziya, sebaceous omumuviri uye odorous. Mhuka dziri kwoushamwari-ropa rechiJudha chairo zvinenge chete, iyo inopa zvinhu ndiyo kweropa hurongwa.

Sechivako kweropa wemuTesitamende mhuka

The zvemberi zviri nemamiriro ose kweropa ezvinhu pakati vertebrates vane vamiririri kureva Class mhuka. Anosanganisira mana-chambered mwoyo, uye namahwindo gadziriro midziyo ropa. Its basa anokwanisa kuita ropa nokuda chichiitwa kufamba. Naizvozvo miviri achiumba kweropa wemuTesitamende mhuka, kunyanya inoumbwa tsandanyama tishu. Uye mwoyo kuzorora.

Ichi negomba tsandanyama nhengo zvinosanganisira makamuri mana: maviri atria uye ventricles. Zvikamu izvi dzakaparadzaniswa partitions uye kwakakwana yakadyidzana pachishandiswa mavharuvhu. Nokuda kwechikonzero ichi, venous uye arterial ropa haana kusangana kuti pamwe nani zvigadziriswe pakati thermoregulation kunotungamirira ushamwari-ropa rechiJudha chairo mhuka.

Ndechipi kwoushamwari-bloodedness

Akadana mhuka kwoushamwari-ropa rechiJudha chairo, izvo hakubvi tembiricha muviri kubva zvakatipoteredza. To boka iri nhengo shiri uye mhuka, kusanganisira murume. Nei dzimwe mhuka havana mashoko ari mberi chiratidzo? All nyaya iri nemamiriro mwoyo. Funga mubvunzo uyu nokuenzanisa vamiririri akasiyana enderana dzakabatana. Saka, kweropa mamiriro mhuka uye nezvinokambaira ane Misiyano. Heart yokupedzisira ine makamuri matatu, pakati asina kukwana partition. Zvinonzi yapera kunodzivisa vaiitawo pamusoro venous uye arterial ropa. Naizvozvo, vose zvinokambaira - ine utsinye uye kunetseka munguva yechando nechepasi miviri mvura, ivhu uye nezvimwe matumba.

Two kutenderera

Mammalian kweropa maitiro uye zvinoumba pangagara. Maererano kwaari kufamba kweropa kunoitika. Mumwoyo yasvika tsinga, remasangano rinonzi yeropa. Vakabva Bazi kure uye zvakaitika munzvimbo capillaries. Ndivo midziyo diki. Rirambe richibvira rezvebonde inounganidzwa mu venules. Zvishoma nezvishoma kuwedzera dhayamita. Sezvo achiumba mutsinga kuti takura ropa pamwoyo.

The kweropa nyika mhuka, zviviri siyana kutenderera. Small chete ichipfuura mumapapu. Rinotanga akarurama ventricle uye anotakura ropa kuburikidza arteries, capillaries uye mutsinga dzomuviri kuruboshwe atrium. Somugumisiro, yakachena dzekudenga yaiva mumapapu, ropa anopinda uye carbon dioxide - negwara risiri. Systemic kuparadzirwa inotangira ventricle kuruboshwe uye, achipfuura midziyo zvomukati zvose muviri, anotakura ropa kurudyi atrium.

ropa sezvamunoita

The kweropa nyika mhuka kugona kuita mabasa ayo pasina chinokosha chinowanika zvinyama kuti circulates iri vascular ino. Inonzi ropa. Panobva rejira ichi ndicho intercellular fuma - plasma. Kune mhando nhatu kuumbwa zvinhu, chimwe nechimwe anoita mabasa ayo. Plasma anotamisa kubva munyama kusvika nhengo tiite magumo metabolic zvigadzirwa, zvakawandisa zvinwiwa uye munyu. Sezvo hwaro ropa riri mvura kuva mukuru kupisa kukwanisa kuti anoramba yakatsiga muviri tembiricha kuti mhuka.

Erythrocytes gasi Exchange riri kuitwa kutakura okisijeni uye carbon dioxide. Masero aya kuti yakatsvuka ropa, nokuti ane simbi. Leukocytes akaumba kutapata zvinenge. Vari ozeyewa intracellularly vatorwa nezvimedu kubudikidza phagocytosis. Maplatelet zvinopa pfungwa kweropa. Izvi zvakaoma makemikari muitiro rokushandura mapuroteni insolubilization. Kuburikidza muviri ichi kunodzivirirwa kubva nokurasikirwa neropa. Asi zvinokosha zvose Mabasa izvi zvinokwanisika chete kana zvachose basa izvi masero, mwoyo uye ropa midziyo.

Mamiriro Akaita kufema hurongwa

Kweropa nyika mhuka iri anatomically uye vakuru chokuita kufema. The yokupedzisira rinomiririrwa mune mhuka pneumatic nzira uye nemapapu. Wokutanga ine dzakatevedzana kwakabatana nasal mhango, nasopharynx, dokeriro, trachea uye principales maviri. Ivo akafukidzwa chiedza, ane vazhinji yakaisvonaka matema - the Formação de, vakaruka ane gobvu samambure rirambe richibvira midziyo. Zviri Formação de gasi Exchange kunoitika. Kufema mhuka - muitiro wakaoma kunzwisisa. In kwayo Implementation hunosanganisira intercostal tsandanyama, ari abdominal rusvingo uye diaphragm.

Ukama kweropa uye kufema mugadziriro mhuka

Kweropa uye kufema gadziriro mhuka zvine chokuita. Kana Kufema okisijeni anopinda yemweya kuti Formação de ari mumapapu. Saka, panoparadzana mwoyo kupinda capillaries. Achipfuura muropa, okisijeni wanamatira erythrocytes. Masero aya ane nuclei panzvimbo pfuma chaiyo inonzi hemoglobin. Inoitwa mapuroteni nedare tubhokisi yeimwe - heme. Izvi makemikari chaikosha unoumba ane kusagadzikana remubatanidzwa pamwe oxygen. With dzeropa masero matsvuku eropa vaitakure rose muviri. Kunyatsoteerera okisijeni, carbon dioxide vari zvakabatanidzwa, izvo zvakare anopinda mumapapu. On nedzinovengwa, metabolite ichi chinobviswa kubva mumuviri.

Saka, kweropa mamiriro mhuka anoumba mwoyo uye ropa midziyo. It ane namahwindo mhando. Advanced zviri hurongwa mamiriro ndiyo kuvapo zvina mwoyo Makamuri partition zvizere pakati pavo. Izvi zvinotungamirira ushamwari-ropa rechiJudha chairo mhuka. Neropa anatomically uye vakuru chokuita kufema hurongwa. Inoitwa pakati Airways nemapapu. Chete kuburikidza nepavanogona kuitwa hurongwa izvi vakatakura mhuka mweya panguva cellular, rinenge uye muviri mumatunhu.