Kureba zambuko mhiri Kerch Strait achiri haisiri kuzivikanwa. Nhoroondo, chipo uye ramangwana zambuko mhiri Kerch Strait

Design of zambuko pamusoro pemhenderekedzo Taman Peninsula mhiri Kerch Strait awana tichimhanya pakarepo mushure reunification pakati kuCrimea pamwe Russia. Kana mutsva chokufambisa mhesano achaurawa kushanda, zvakananga zvichaita batanidza Krasnodar nharaunda uye muCrimea. Nekukurumidza waizoitwa magadzirirwo kuongorora basa rokuvaka pachayo. Nepo Hazvizivikanwi chii chichava nokureba zambuko mhiri Kerch Strait. Zvichida ari mukoridho 2 nguva kupfuura ukuru kuvakwa zvakafanana muna 1944. Modern zambuko takayambuka yekudyidzana mhanyisa kukura toerisme mudunhu uye kurima.

The zambuko mhiri Kerch Strait. purojekiti mapikicha

Projects pakufamba takayambuka Zvivako akapa vanachiremba ari Bazi Transport of Russian Federation uye nhengo interdepartmental basa. Mumwe itsva chokufambisa kwezvivako pakati Crimea - maviri sandara zambuko mhiri Kerch Strait - achaparadzwa kubatanidzwa (mugwagwa uye njanji). Mutongo uyu Ushumiri nyanzvi akauya mushure kudzidza zvose zvavanogona.

Designers makasika 74 zvirongwa akasiyana mune cost, urefu migwagwa. Pakati pavo pane nzira nokuda pakuvaka mugero kubva pfungwa Tuzla uye nguruve. mumunda zambuko kuvakwa nyanzvi vaiona zvose yaaizova, asi akaona kuti mugero zvichava anodhura pane zambuko, uye vachafanira kuvaka zvakawanda. Izwi yaivakwa bhiriji unobatanidzwa mhiri panjodzi - makore 3.5. Pane nzira kuti kuvakwa pakufamba mukoridho achibva pachiteshi "Caucasus" uye dzimwe pfungwa. Photo rimwe zvirongwa zvinopa pfungwa mbiri-chechetere mubatanidzwa migwagwa uye njanji nemitsetse.

The vaizotibata kwazvo muzvirongwa

Nyanzvi of Bazi Transport uye Interdepartmental Commission nyatsonzvera ose zvaMambo zambuko pakati kuCaucasus uye Crimea. The vaizotibata kupfuura vakaziva 4 dzakasiyana pamusoro 74 wacho. Mumwe nomumwe ane zvakasiyana kureba zambuko mhiri Kerch Strait:

1. "Northern" - nzira of Cape Lantern uye that m Small angled wayo kureba 10.3? Km ..
2. "Zhukovsky" - bhiriji kuyambuka kubva Zhukovka kuti mate nguruve, urefu - 6.3? Km.
3. "Yenikalsky" - nhete zambuko iri inogara Strait of 5,7? Km pakureba.
4. "Tuzla" - kuchinja kubva chokufambisa M AK-mudariki kuna Tuzla, urefu -11,7 Km..

purojekiti mutengo

Pakutanga, ushumiri Transport of Russian Federation akazivisa shoma uwandu mabhiriyoni 50. Rubles zvaidikanwa kuvaka mugwagwa zambuko pakati Taman uye Kerch kweItari. President Russian Vladimir Putin akati uye akawedzera basa: kuvaka nevakawanda chokufambisa mhesano (mugwagwa uye njanji).

The dzakasiyana pamusoro kuwedzera kuumba bhiriji mugero wacho pasi Strait. The zvachose Mari chivako yose Munatswe kusvikira makore matsutso 2014, sezvo kureba bhiriji mhiri Kerch Strait. Pakazosvika nguva inofanira kupedzwa engineering kukura basa, izvo vakabudirira akatakurwa kunze munzvimbo yemberi kuvakwa.

Maererano nezvokurara, kuvakwa zambuko mari anogona pfuura $ 300 billion. Rubles. Around mabhiriyoni 84. Rubles pakati yaipedzerwa richaperera pamusoro regadziriro basa. Mari yaidiwa kuvaka uye yose pakuvaka unowedzerawo pakudzidza zvakasikwa zviri nesuwo, ayo Geological marongerwo uye nzvimbo pamusoro Kerch Peninsula zvinhu zvenhoroondo, tsika uye sayenzi yezvinocherwa mumatongo.

Bridge muna Kerch Strait

The bhiriji Tuzla kuti m. AK-mudariki vakasarudzwa Interministerial Commission, kunosanganisira kuvaka njanji uye mugwagwa pamusoro payo. maviri njanji njanji uye akavaka mana mukoto mugwagwa dzichateyiwa. Next pamusoro tungamidzana njanji anoenda pasi motokari, uye pedyo nayo. takaparadzana mugwagwa uye njanji kuyambuka ichavakwa pamusoro pfira chawo. Kana chokufambisa mukoridho kuvakwa kuti "Tuzla" chirongwa zvinoda pfupi njanji uye mugwagwa napo (36 uye 38? Km azvaitwa). Feature shanduro, iyo inosanganisira kuvakwa bhiriji muchadenga Tuzla mate, - mari pakuvaka kuwana migwagwa.

"Tuzla nzira"

Tuzla uye mai riri kumaodzanyemba nesuwo, iri broadest kwayo chipfuro. Construction muchikamu chino chirongwa zviri rakasiyana nzira unobva chengarava "Kavkaz" iri kumabvazuva nokumavirira Chushka tobva tamarukira:

1. "Tuzla Ipfungwa" inopa pakuvaka wakarebesa mukoridho. Maererano chirongwa urefu zambuko mhiri Kerch Strait kuchasvika 11,7 makiromita.
2. nzvimbo richashandiswa pakuvaka kwezvivako yose, kusanganisira dzokuchengetera nezvimwe zvivako.
3. Zvichava kudzivirira kubva zvinokonzerwa pamwero mukuru kupikidura muSitiya kuvigwa pazvikomo nezvimwe zvinokwezva kuti iwedzere munharaunda.
4. Vavaki achaedza circumvent ari kujairika zvakasikwa zviri Kerch uye Taman Peninsula - madhaka anoputika.

Natural zviri Kerch Strait

The pavakwe chokufambisa mukoridho uchatanga pashure pokupedza Geological, hydrological uye zvimwe zvidzidzo munzvimbo pakuvaka zambuko. Tectonic ezvinhu zviri kuoma, munhu kuoneka kukanganisa mararamiro aine upfumi basa. Vakaronga basa haafaniri kukuvadza kuti wekushandisa uye hove pfuma Strait. The purojekiti vagadziri vakaedza funga inokosha dzinongoitika unhu uye mamiriro muviri mvura mekuparadzanisa Taman uye Crimea. Kerch Strait (kwadzo):

• mavambo - tectonic;
• Length - 45? Km;
• upamhi - kubva 4,5 kusvika 15 km;
• udzamu - 5-15 M;
• yokunyanyisa pfungwa Kerch Peninsula - M AK-mudariki ;.
• Krasnodar kumucheto yokunyanyisa pfungwa - M Tuzla ;.
• Climate - nemwero Continental.

Kerch Strait - yekare senga koridho

Kerch guta yakavambwa Greek vanobva pakati pakati VI remakore BC. e. Pano vanowanikwa matongo eguta rekare Panticapaeum - guta guru Bosporan Kingdom. Ndima Strait Kare yainzi Cimmerian Bosporus kuti kufanana pamwe Bosphorus pakati peGungwa Black uye reAegean Gungwa (Gungwa reMediterranean). Western rakamanikana chikamu crow Kerchensky Crimean kweItari (Tavridy). Kumabvazuva ndiye Taman Peninsula. Pedyo Kerch akawana muSitia kuvigwa pazvikomo, misha yekare, nhare dzimwe Zvivako nhoroondo uye tsika.

The kutaurirana pakati kumadokero uye kumabvazuva kumiganhu dzaiwanika kare. Cimmerians vaigona pindira nemombe dzavo inosvika kuburikidza kudzika mvura, unobva kweGungwa Azov uye Gungwa Black. Upamhi Kerch Strait achibvumira vatengesi uye vabati vehove vari magwa kuyambuka. guta Kerch yaisanganisira muna UNESCO nhaka mazita sezvo ndima iri iyo Great Silk Road. Kerch mugero aivawo chikamu mugwagwa, rinonzi "Varangians nevaGiriki". Nechepasi zvinowanikwa pamwe anyatsofukidzwa guta rekare rechiGiriki, zvimedu warships hweOttoman Empire.

History of zambuko (1903-1953)

Mukutanga ramakumi remakore, hurumende yeBritain akanga achironga kuvaka njanji nzira kubva kuEngland kuenda Crimea, bhiriji mhiri Kerch Strait, kuvhura nzira Caucasus kuna India. Pamusoro Implementation chirongwa havana mari yakakwana. Emperor Nicholas II uyewo akarota muna 1903 kuti Russian hurumende achavakira zambuko mhiri Kerch Strait pakati Kerch uye Taman, asi Implementation kuronga kwedzimwe hondo muna 1914. Panguva Great Patriotic War, North-Caucasian nharaunda uye Crimea vaiva pachimiro hondo dzinotyisa pakati Germany uye USSR. Mauto eGermany akavaka pagadzirwe zambuko mhiri Kerch Strait, asi Führer aida kuvaka 5-kiromita zvechigarire chitubu 1943.

Pfungwa bhiriji kubudikidza mapurani wokuGermany Alberta Shpeera Nazi occupiers havana nguva dzika. Pashure makatodzinga vaNazi kubva Taman uye Crimea Soviet mainjiniya akararamazve chirongwa German, vavaki vakashandisa zvivako simbi uye midziyo akasiya nevaNazi. Pakapera April 1944 takatanga kugadzwa mirwi, uye mukuvamba November of Caucasus kurutivi chete gore akaenda chikamu "kuCrimea" chiteshi wokutanga. Muna February 1945 zambuko rakabhuroka pasi aomerwa echando kutigumbura dzinomonereka uye mafungu vari akadzingwa kubva paGungwa Azov. Muna 1953 akatanga kushanda chikepe, dzaibatanidza Taman uye Kerch.

Hadzisi kuzadzika Projects Bridge

Pashure pokuwa USSR, Russia neUkraine rave akamutsa nyaya chokufambisa mukoridho kuburikidza Kerch Strait. Sezvo 1991 pokuikurukura anenge 20 zvivako zviri kukurukurwa rakanga wakapindwa Vatungamiri muUkraine uye Russia. Muna 2004, ivo ferries nokushumira nzira zvatsiviwa, uye Nhaurirano mapinda mune kuramba tichishanda danho. Basa racho chakamuka muna 2010, apo Ukraine aiva kuchinja hurumende. Mune rimwe mharidzo zvakaziviswa kuvakwa parameters: kureba zambuko - 4.2-4.5 km mari - mabhiriyoni 24 rubles .. To Euro-2012 chokufambisa ndima yaiva kubatanidza Caucasus uye Crimea, asi kuvaka raro vambomira zvakare. The zambuko mhiri Kerch Strait akaronga kumisa pamusoro avaida kuti Sochi yeOlympic. Ipapo Interstate Commission vakasarudza pfupi "hwokumusoro" version (kubva m. Lantern kuti m. Small Kut). Basa racho akasasiya papepa.

Krasnodar dunhu - kuCrimea

Paaisika bhiriji itsva kushandisa huripo kuyambuka Strait of Kerch (pachiteshi "Caucasus" - "kuCrimea" chiteshi). Season 2014 anovimbisa kuti "kupisa." Kuti tisvike Crimea kunozorora, vokuRussia vari kufamba nechitima Krasnodar kana Anapa. mberi nzira nebhazi kuti chengarava "Kavkaz", zvichiteverwa chikepe kuti chengarava "kuCrimea" kubva guru Kuban, kana kuti muGungwa Dema nemhenderekedzo. Chimwe musiyano wezvinyorwa makurukuriro kutakura - ne and catamaran kubva Anapa kusvikira Kerch chiteshi.

Kerch Bridge: A kuongorora ramangwana

Maererano nenyanzvi, hapana vhiringidza kuvakwa itsva zvifambiso Junction. Nyanzvi Russian mumunda inoongorora uye hydrology vakapfuudzira zvidzidzo zvakakodzera uye kuyerwa pemhenderekedzo Kerch Strait. Zvatinofarira unopiwa kune nzira zvokusarudza, vaimudana "Zhukovsky" uye "Tuzla". Kuongorora zvirongwa izvi kufungawo zvinhu zvakawanda, kusanganisira kuchengetedzwa Zvivako pamahombekombe Strait. Bhiriji achava kubatanidza vaviri raiva zororo nharaunda vachida kukura. Upfumi Peninsula pakati Crimea vanopiwa anorema kuwedzera chokufambisa kwezvivako inodiwa kuti kukura kugadzirwa, zviteshi, kutaura, tourism uye kurima.