Kukarukureta nheyo. Muenzaniso kukarukureta rokuvambwa murwi, tsvimbo, columnar, monolithic, rakanyorwa. Kukarukureta nheyo nechigadziko: muenzaniso. hwaro kukarukureta of rollover: Example

Kushandisa mureza nzira aivabatsira kuronga uye kukarukureta nezvigadziko, muenzaniso kukarukureta rokuvambwa kurerutsa dzemaitirwe. Zvichienderana kunenge dzakapiwa munyaya anogona kusakanganisa pakuvaka yasarudzwa mamiriro (columnar, murwi, tsvimbo rakanyorwa mhando kana).

columnar garo

Somuenzaniso, achishandisa mumwe-storey chivako pamwe parameters maererano 6x6 m, uye madziro matanda 15x15 masendimita (volumetric kurema 789 makirogiramu / m³), vakagadzira pamusoro rokunze parutivi rwakapetwa kuputira lining. Chivharo kuvakwa chakagadzirwa nekongiri: kureba - 800 mm Width - 200 mm (volumetric guru nekongiri zvinhu - 2099 makirogiramu / m³). Inobva munhu yanyatsosimba kongiri bango chikamu 20x15 (volumetric waivako w / W - 2399). Madziro vane kukwirira 300 cm uye dombo racho denga iri kusiyaniswa ramps maviri. Chivharo uye dudzi mapuranga akaronga pamusoro pamakamuri pamuchinjikwa chikamu 15x5, uye insulated pamwe chicherwa shinda (hombe kuputira gobvu ndiro 299 kg).

Kuziva mutoro mitemo (SNIP), anogona zvakakodzera basa dzemaitirwe nheyo. Muenzaniso kukarukureta rokuvambwa unokubvumira nokukurumidza kuita Masvomhu pakuvaka vayo.

mitoro dzemunharaunda

• On plinth - 149,5 makirogiramu / m².
• The atiki - 75.
• Norm nokuti chando vachizvitakudza nharaunda pakati neboka RF akanga 99 makirogiramu / m² noruremekedzo padenga nzvimbo (chinjikira chikamu).
• Pachishandiswa namasanhu siyana kutakura siyana kumanikidzwa zvinorema.

Pressure imwe neimwe akabatana

zviratidzi Kunyatsozadzika STRUCTURAL uye pamutemo mitoro achitirega nemazvo ngaaverenge pezvingoro. Muenzaniso kukarukureta rokuvambwa unopiwa kuti zvivanakire ruzivo vavaki.

Magadzirirwo kumanikidzwa "1" akabatana uye "3" (wall okupedzisira):

• Kubva nerogi rusvingo bindepinde: 600 x 300 masendimita = 1800 cm². Nhamba iyi kane pakukora hunyambiri bindepinde pakati masendimita 20 (pamwe ngaabvumire kwokunze apedzerana). Vakawana: 360 cm³ X 799 makirogiramu / m³ = 0.28 m.
• Kubva kumucheto danda: 20 X 15 x 600 = 1800 cm³ X 2399 ~ 430 makirogiramu.
• Kubva mujinga: 20 X 80 x 600 = 960 cm³ X 2099 ~ 2160 makirogiramu.
• Kubva chivharo. Vakaverenga zvachose gobvu vose bindepinde, ipapo anotora 1/4 chikamu.

Matanda mativi 5x15 akaisa ose 500 mm. kurema ravo 200 cm³ X 800 makirogiramu / m³ = 1600 makirogiramu.

Zvakakodzera kuona kurema paburiro rakanyorwa uye bhainda kwaisanganisira dzemaitirwe zvigadziko. Muenzaniso kukarukureta nheyo rukoko inoratidza kuputira Ukobvu 3 cm.

Bhuku iri 6 mm X 360 = 2160 cm² cm³. Uyezve, mutengo zvikawanda ne 800, imwe yaipedzerwa 1700 makirogiramu.

Mineral shinda kuputira ane Ukobvu masendimita 15.

Volumetric zviratidzi akaenzana 15 X 360 = 540 cm³. Kana vawanda nokuda arambe achirema pamusoro 300,01 kuwana 1620 makirogiramu.

Total: 1600,0 + 1700,0 + 1600,0 = 4900,0 makirogiramu. All yakakamurwa 4, tinowana 1.25 m.

• Kubva atiki ~ 1200 makirogiramu;
• Kubva pedenga: zvachose guru pamusoro murwere (1 / 2kryshi) kufungisisa vazhinji denga matanda, uye dombo racho flooring nesefa - makirogiramu chete 50 / m² x 24 = 1200 makirogiramu.

Norm nokuti netsapo columnar zvivako (kuti "1" akabatana uye "3" kunodiwa kuwana 1/4 chikamu zvachose kumanikidzwa padenga) anobvumira dzemaitirwe ari murwi nheyo. Muenzaniso sechivako pasi kufunga rakanakira pakuvaka mushonga.

• Kubva mujinga (600.0 X 600,0) / 4 = 900,0 X 150,0 makirogiramu / m² = 1350,0 makirogiramu.
• Kubva atiki: 2 nguva shoma pane kubva chivharo.
• Snow: (100 makirogiramu / m² X 360 cm²) / 2 = 1800 makirogiramu.

Mukupfupikisa: pfupiso kuyera STRUCTURAL netsapo 9.2 matani, ari pamutemo kumanikidza - 4.1. On ekisero nerimwe "1" uye "3" kuti vapinze anenge 13.3 m.

Dzinovaka kumanikidzwa axially "2" (evaMedhia longitudinal mutsetse):

• Kubva nerogi rusvingo pindana, pamuuyo danda uye pemvura plinth mutoro netsika "1" akabatana uye "3" kufanana: 3000 + 500 + 2000 = 5500 makirogiramu.
• Pakati chivharo uye remba, vane miviri nhamba 2600 2400 = 5000 makirogiramu.

Below pamutemo mutoro uye dzemaitirwe nheyo hwaro. Yaishandiswa Muenzaniso anofungidzirwa tsika:

• Kubva mujinga: 2800 makirogiramu.
• Kubva atiki: 1400.

Mukupfupikisa: indekisi kufurirwa rinovaka zvachose ndiko 10.5 t, normative loadings - 4.2 M "2" akabatana vane uremu anenge 14700 makirogiramu ..

Pressure pamusoro akabatana "A" uye "B" (the transverse mutsetse)

Masvomhu dzinoitwa inobva STRUCTURAL uremu cherogi rusvingo overlaps randbalok uye chivharo (3, 0.5 uye 2 m). The kumanikidzwa pahwaro masvingo aya achava: 3000 2000 + 500 = 5500 makirogiramu.

Number nemapango

Kuti tizive uwandu mbiru muchikamu 0.3 m, runoonekwa pasi nemishonga (R):

• Kana R = 2,50 makirogiramu / cm² (aiwanzoshandisa chiyero) uye kubereka shangu nzvimbo 7,06 m² (nokuti nyore, Masvomhu kutora usingashandi ukoshi - 7 m²), nechiidzo mumwe Mbiru akatakura kugona ndiko: P = 2.5 X 7 = 1 matani 75.
• Muenzaniso kukarukureta of columnar hwaro ivhu nemishonga R = 1,50 anotora zvinotevera chimiro: F = 1,5 X 1.05 = 7.
• Kana R = 1,0 kunoratidzwa nechimwe Mbiru kutakura p = 1.0 X 7 = 0,7.
• Nemishonga mvura ivhu 2 nguva shoma pane shoma ukoshi tafura indices ndiyo 1.0 makirogiramu / cm². Pamusangano kudzika masendimita 150, avhareji iri 0.55. The kubereka inokwana mbiru ndiyo P = 0,6 X 0.42 = 7.

Nokuti vakasarudzwa kumba kwaida vhoriyamu 0.02 m³ kongiri.

ukaisa pfungwa

• Under pasirin'i rusvingo: achitevedza mitsetse "1" uye "3" aine uremu ~ 13.3 m.
• Akabatana "2" aine uremu ~ 14.700 makirogiramu.
• Under pasirin'i rusvingo namasanhu "A" uye "B" aine uremu ~ makirogiramu 5500.

Kana uchida kuverenga rollover hwaro, muenzaniso Masvomhu uye Masvomhu dzinopiwa yedzimba huru. havana kushandiswa Suburban nzvimbo. Pfungwa iri inobhadharwa kuparadzirwa uremu, izvo zvinoda kungwarira kukarukureta mukuwanda nematanda.

Mienzaniso pakuverenga nhamba mbiru vose ivhu mhando

Muenzaniso 1:

R = 2,50 makirogiramu / cm²

Nokuti rusvingo Slabs pamwe chidimbu kuti "1" uye "3":

13.3 / 1.75 ~ 8 nematanda.

Maererano "2" akabatana:

14.7 / 1.75 ~ 9 bv.

Achitevedza zvikamu "A" uye "B":

5.5 / 1.75 = 3.1.

pamusoro chete 31 mbiru. Volumetric kuratidzwa kongiri zvinhu ndiyo 31 X 2 = 62 mm³ cm³.

MUENZANISO 2:

R = 1,50

Kuburikidza "1" uye "3" ~ matanda 12.

Maererano "2" akabatana ~ 14.

Achitevedza zvikamu "A" uye "B" ~ 6.

Total ~ zvidimbu 50. Volumetric kuratidzwa kongiri zvinhu ~ 1.0 m³.

MUENZANISO 3:

Pasi apa, unogona kudzidza kuti isu ngaaverenge munhu monolithic hwaro. Muenzaniso unopirwa pasi patafura indekisi R = 1,0. Zvinotora zvinotevera fomu:

Kuburikidza "1" uye "2" ~ bv 19.

Parusvingo "2" ~ 21.

Achitevedza zvikamu "A" uye "B" ~ 8.

Total - 75 nematanda. Volume indekisi nekongiri zvinhu anenge 1.50 m³.

Muenzaniso 4:

R = 0,60

Kuburikidza "1" uye "3" ~ 32 bv.

Maererano "2" akabatana ~ 35.

Achitevedza zvikamu "A" uye "B" ~ 13.

Total - 125 mbiru. Volume indekisi nekongiri zvinhu anenge 250 CC.

Munguva Masvomhu maviri okutanga dzepamakona zviri kuiswa panguva mharadzano pakati namasanhu uye longitudinal mitsetse - pamwe chete nenamo. Under yepasi kuguma madziro mbiru vanokandirwa mu yanyatsosimba kongiri pamupendero danda formwork.

Example №3 pamusoro intersecting namasanhu akaronga pamusoro mbiru 3. Kumwe uwandu nezvigadziko dzikarongwa achitevedza "1" akabatana, "2" uye "3". Pakati vavaki ruzivo urwu anonzi "gwenzi". Pane "gwenzi" kunodiwa kuti muve nezvamunobvumirana w / W headroom-igwa hwaro mberi placement dzayo pamusoro pembiru, izvo iri namasanhu "A" uye "B" randbalok.

MUENZANISO №4 achibvumira panguva mharadzano uye longitudinal zvikamu mitsetse (1-3) kuvaka "norukato" 4 matanda mimwe kugadzwa navo kuchaguma masvingo, grills. On navo akaisa pasi plinth yacho mucheto danda.

tepi garo

Enzanisa pazasi nokuenzanisa ubvise nheyo. Muenzaniso anopiwa tichitarisa mugoronga 150 masendimita udzamu (upamhi - 40). The gwara izere musanganiswa jecha 50 cm zviri mberi akazara kongiri kuti kukwirira imwe mita. Zvinoda kukura ivhu (1800 cm³), kuisa munhu jecha chakapatsanurwa (600) uye kongiri (1200).

Kubva 4-columnar umbowo kuenzanisa rakundwa rechitatu.

Borer mashandiro anoitwa musi imwe nzvimbo 75 cm³ vane kierrätys ivhu 1.5 cubic metres, kana nguva 12 zvidiki (ivhu asara inoshandiswa backfill). Kudikanwa ari chesamende kunovhengana - 150 CC, kana anenge 8 nguva duku, uye jecha chakapatsanurwa - 100 (zvichidikanwa pasi anotsigira matanda). Near hwaro akasika ubanguranyika raakachera unobvumira kuziva mamiriro ivhu. By tabular Data 1 ne2 anosarudzwa nemishonga.

Kunokosha! The pasi mitsetse mashoko aya kuchaita kuti tiite dzemaitirwe nheyo rakanyorwa - Set muenzaniso zvose ivhu mhando.

Nemishonga jecha ivhu

Table. 1

Soil kuramba substrate, makirogiramu / masendimita ³

jecha chakapatsanurwa	The arambe achirema pamwero
	kora	Sredneplotny
guru	4,49	3,49
nechepakati	3,49	2,49
Small: malovlazhnogo / kunyorova	3-2,49	2
Dusty: malovlazhnogo / kunyorova	2,49-1,49	2-1

Table. 2

Nemishonga ivhu ivhu

ivhu	danho porosity	ivhu nemishonga, makirogiramu / masendimita 3
		simba	Kubvuma sanduko
jecha loam	0.50 / 0.70	3,0-2,50	2.0-3.0
loam	0,50-1,0	2.0-3.0	1,0-2,50
ivhu ivhu	0,50-1,0	2,50-6,0	1.0-4.0

rakanyorwa hwaro

In wokutanga Danho dzaona ndiro ukobvu. Tora mukanyiwa hafu-nzvimbo, zvinosanganisira installation uremu, lining uye imwe mutoro. Maererano paakati ichi uye chikwangwani nzvimbo rinowanikwa tichitarisa kwokudzvinyirira nzvimbo pasi pasina nheyo uremu.

Akaverenga uremu iyo isina ndiro kune akafanorongerwa kumanikidzwa kuti ivhu (jecha zvakanaka mufananidzo uyu achava 0.35 makirogiramu / cm², avhareji arambe achirema - 0.25, zvakaoma uye ductile jecha loam - 0.5, ivhu hwakasimba - 0.5 uye drapable - 0.25).

Nzvimbo zvitsigiro haafaniri kupfuudza zvinhu:

S> KH × F / KP × R,

apo S - nheyo bedzi;

KH - coefficient kuona kuvimbika nokutsigira (yaiva 1,2);

F - zvachose uremu vose mahwendefa;

Pedyo kp - coefficient kuti anosarudza zvinhu basa;

R - nemishonga ivhu.

muenzaniso:

• Free guru rokuvaka - 270 000 makirogiramu.
• Parameters muurongwa - 10x10, kana 100 m².
• Ivhu - mwando loam 0.35 makirogiramu / cm².
• The arambe achirema of zvakasimbisa kongiri iri 2.7 makirogiramu / cm³.

Weight ndiro lags ne 80 T - ndiye 29 cubes nekongiri kongiri. 100 akaenzana, Ukobvu anoenderana masendimita 29, saka 30 rakundwa.

Total ndiro uremu iri 2.7 X 30 = 81 tani;

The zvachose guru rokuvaka panheyo - 351.

The ndiro rine Ukobvu masendimita 25: kwayo gobvu ndiro 67,5 m.

Kuwana 270 + 67,5 = 337,5 (pasi kumanikidzwa 3,375 t / m²). Izvi zvakakwanira aerated kongiri chivako simende arambe achirema compression V22,5 (ndiro mark).

Mamiriro Definition rollover

Nguva MU vagara vandifungira kufungisisa mhepo nokukurumidza uye nzvimbo chivakwa yakaitwa zvakamubaya. Zvimwe kutara zvinodiwa, kana zvinotevera ezvinhu:

MU = (Q - F) * 17,44

F - vachisimudza simba mhepo chiito padenga (mu muenzaniso uyu ndiyo 20.1 kN).

Q - akaverenga shoma asymmetrical mutoro (pamusoro ezvinhu mabasa payo akaenzana 2785,8 kPa).

Dzemaitirwe pakati parameters zvinokosha kufunga nzvimbo chacho, kuvapo zvinomera uye akavaka wandei mazano. Zvizhinji pfungwa rwakabhadharwa kuna ekunze uye Geological zvinhu.

The pamusoro Nhamba inoshandiswa yokufananidzira mabasa. Kana zvakakodzera, vazvionewo akavaka inokurudzirwa kubvunza nyanzvi.