Kugamuchira uye kushandisa mvura. Nzira uye kushandiswa kwemvura

Mvura ndeimwe yezvinhu zvakakosha zvikuru mumasikirwo. Pasina iyo, hapana mhuka inorarama inoita kunze kwayo, uyezve, nokuda kwayo, yakasimuka panyika yedu. Munyika dzakasiyana munhu anoshandisa kubva pamamita 30 kusvikira ku5 000 mamita emvura pagore. Chii chinobatsira icho? Ndedzipi nzira dzekuwana nekushandisa mvura dziripo?

Inotipoteredza kwose kwose

Mvura ndiyo inowanzoshandiswa pasi pano uye haisi iyo yekupedzisira mudenga. Zvichienderana nezvakagadzirirwa uye zvinhu, zvakaoma uye zvinonyorera, gungwa, brackish uye itsva, chiedza, ine simba uye ine simba.

Iyi hydrogen oxide - inorganic compound, pasi pemvura yakasvibiswa, haina kunhu, hapana kutora. Pahupamhi hutete hwomukati, mvura yacho haina ruvara, uye kuwedzera kwayo kunogona kuwana bluish uye shazha.

Inokurudzira maitiro akawanda emakemikari, achikurudzira ivo. Mumumuviri wemunhu mvura inenge 70%. Kuva mumasero emhuka dzose nemiti, inokurudzira metabolism, thermoregulation uye mamwe mabasa anokosha.

Muzvikamu zvitatu zvakasiyana-siyana, inotitenderera kwose kwose, inobatanidzwa mukufamba kwezvinhu mumasikirwo. Muchimiro chemvura inopisa, iripo mumhepo. Kubva pairi, inouya pamusoro pePasi mumamiriro okunaya (ice, fog, mvura, chando, chando, dova, etc.). Inowira munzizi nemakungwa kubva kumusoro, zvinopinda mukati mazvo pasi. Mushure mokunge imwe nguva inoputika kubva pamusoro pavo, zvakare kupinda mumhepo uye yekuvhara denderedzwa.

Iyo huru yekushandisa yePasi

Zvose zviri pasi nepasi pemvura pasi pepasi redu, kusanganisira mhepo inopisa mumhepo, inobatanidza mupfungwa ye hydrosphere, kana mvura yehombe. Iyo yakawanda inenge mamiriyoni 1.4 emakiromita makiromita.

Inenge 71% iri muNyika yeHorld Ocean - chigofu chinopfuurira chakakomberedza nyika yose yepasi. Inoparadzaniswa mumhenderekedzo yePacific, Atlantic, Arctic, Indian, Southern (maererano nezvimwe zvikamu) marungwa, makungwa, nzvimbo, matambudziko, nezvimwewo. Gungwa rakazara nemvura yegungwa ine mchere, isina kukodzera kunwa.

Vose vanonwa mvura (itsva) vari mumiganhu yenyika. Inongova 2.5-3% yehuwandu hwehuwandu hwemodrosphere. Mvura yakachena ndeye: nzizi, mamwe makungwa, nzizi, glaciers uye chando chegomo, mvura pasi pevhu. Dzinoparadzirwa zvisina kufanira. Nokudaro, mune dzimwe nzvimbo dzenyika kune nzvimbo dzakaoma uye dzerenje dzisina kumbosimudzwa kwemakore emakore.

Mvura zhinji yakachena iri mumagetsi. Vanochengetedza vanenge 80-90% yezvakachengetedzwa zvepasi zvenzvimbo iyi inokosha. Glaciers yakavhara makiromita makumi mapfumbamwe emakiromita emunyika, inowanikwa munzvimbo dzenyika uye pamusoro pemakomo marefu.

Chitubu choupenyu

Mvura yakaonekwa paPasi mabhiriyoni emakore apfuura, kana yakasunungurwa munguva yekushandiswa kwemakemikari, kana kuti yakauya pano sechikamu chemakomets uye asteroids. Kubva ipapo, iyo inokosha chikamu chehupenyu hwedu.

Munhu nemhuka zvinonwa, michero inomwa nemidzi (kana dzimwe nhengo) kuchengeta simba nesimba. Chikamu chikuru chemvura inopinda mumuviri pamwe chete nezvokudya.

Nenzira yakawanda, vanhu vanoda 5-10 malita emvura pazuva, uye nenzira yemvura-inenge mbiri. Mhuka nemiti zvinogona kuzvidya. Semuenzaniso, hippopotamus inwa maawa 300 pazuva, inenge yakaenzana inodiwa uye eucalyptus.

Kushandiswa kwemvura mune zvakasikwa hakusi kungoita kunwa. Kune zvimwe zvipenyu, inzvimbo. Munzizi uye mugungwa regungwa zvinokura, hove, plankton, amphibians, arthropods, dzimwe mhuka dzakasikwa nezvimwe zvisikwa zvinorarama.

Nzira dzokushandisa mvura

Muhupenyu hwezuva nezuva, kwete zuva rimwe chete rinogona kuita pasina mvura. Muchiitiko ichi, mishonga yakatsva inowanzoshandiswa, nhamba yeyo yakanyanya. Zvizhinji zvemhando iyi inoshandiswa muupenyu hwezuva nezuva panguva yekuchenesa, kushamba, kushamba ndiro, kubika.

Mukuwedzera, kushandiswa kwemvura kunokosha pakuchenesa humwe. Nokuda kweizvi, haishandisi chete pamusha, asiwo kune dzimwe nzvimbo dzekushanda, kunyanya muzvipatara. Muchirapa, inoshandiswawo kumabhedha ekurapa, kusungurudza, kupukuta, kuwedzerwa pakuumbwa.

Inonyanya kukosha kumhizha. Pano, nenzira dzakawanda, zvinobatsira kuputsa zvinhu zvakasiyana-siyana, zvive zvimwe zvinwiwa, marashi kana gasi. Inoshandiswa kubudisa nitrogenous, acetic, hydrochloric acids, mabhesheni, doro, ammonia, etc. Gore negore makiromita 1000 emakona aya anotorwa kubva kumakungwa matsva uye nzizi nokuda kwekugadzira.

Kushandiswa kwemvura kunobatanidzwa nemitambo yakadai sekukwikwidza, hockey, kushambira, biathlon, kutamba, kufambisa, mitambo yemvura. Izvo zvakakosha kubvisa moto, nekurima.

Power Engineering

Imwe nzvimbo yekushandisa mvura ndiyo simba. Pazvivako zvinopisa uye magetsi, mvura inoshandiswa kunotonhora mitambo, uyewo kuti ibudise steam. Chero chete kwekugadzirwa kwegigawatt imwe yemagetsi, nzvimbo dzinopisa dzinotora makumi matatu kusvika ku40 cubic mamita emvura pachipiri.

Kushandiswa kwemvura mumagetsi ekugadzira magetsi kunobva pane imwe mitemo. Pano, magetsi anokonzerwa nekukurumidza kwekuyerera kwehova. Zviteshi izvi zvakagadzirwa munzvimbo dzakakwirira. Ikoko nzizi dzisingakurumidze, kusiyana kwemahombekombe zvakasikwa zvakagadzirwa nerubatsiro rwemadhamu nemadzimai.

MuChina, India, United States, France nedzimwe nyika kuitira kugadzirwa kwesimba kushandisa simba remvura. Zvivako zvakadai (PES) zvakavakirwa pamahombekombe egungwa, umo mvura yemvura inoshandura kakawanda pazuva pasi pesimba rekukweverwa kwezuva uye mwedzi.

Mafungu egungwa anogonawo kupa simba. Simba ravo rinopfuura kunyange mhepo uye simba remhepo. Zvipfeko izvo zvinowedzera simba nenzira iyi, apo zvishoma. Yokutanga yakabuda muna 2008 muPortugal, inoshandiswa mumisha inenge 1 500. Kunyange zvakadaro pane imwe siteshi iri muUK kuAlkney Islands.

Zvekurima

Zvekurima hazvibviri kunze kwekushandiswa kwemvura. Inonyanya kushandiswa pakudiridza, pamwe chete nekutengeswa kweshiri nemombe. Chete yekuberekorora mhou zviuru gumi zvinogona kudiwa 600 cubic mamita emvura. Kurimwa kwemupunga pamusana wekutora kunotora 2400 malita, nokuda kwemazambiringa - 600 malita, uye nokuda kwemazamu - 200 litita.

Chikamu chemvura yekudiridza yeminda uye minda inouya zvakasununguka mumamiriro okunaya. Mune dzimwe nyika, somuenzaniso, Great Britain, vanoverenga nezvehuwandu hwemvura.

Apo kunenge kune mamiriro okunze akaoma, mifumo yekudiridza inouya pakununura . Vakaonekwa kuMesopotamiya neEkare yeEgipita. Kubvira ipapo, hongu, ivo vakagadzirisa, asi havana kurasikirwa nehunodiwa. Kunwisa kunoshandiswa munyika dzeAsia, South America neEurope. Munzvimbo dzine makomo inzvimbo yakazara, mumasango emvura - mafashamo.

Ruzivo rwekuzorora

Imwe yemishonga inonakidza yemvura nemunhu ndiyo nzvimbo yekuvaraidza. Kukanganisa kwakadaro kubva kushandiswa kwakadaro kwezvinyorwa kune zvishoma kudarika mune dzimwe nzvimbo. Mukuwedzera, kazhinji vanhu vanoda chaizvo kuenda kumvura yakachena, kureva mvura yegungwa.

Pamhenderekedzo yegungwa nemakungwa, kune hove yekushambidza mabhiza. MuRussia, Gungwa Dzvuku uye Gungwa reAzov rakakurumbira. Nzvimbo dzakawanda dzimba dzinopa mukana wekusimudzirwa kwemitambo yemvura, kufamba kwezvikepe uye zvikepe, uyewo hove.

Dharaunda ine mineral mvura inokwezva avo vasingadi kungozorodza, asiwo kuvandudza hutano hwavo. Sezvo mutemo, pane mabhaibheri ezvitsuwa uye sanatoriums munzvimbo dzakadaro. Mvura ine mineral yakazara nemashizha akasiyana-siyana uye mamiriro ekutsvaga, somuenzaniso, sulfuri, magnesium, calcium, nezvimwewo. Zvichienderana nekuumbwa, zvinogona kuchinja nhengo dzakasiyana-siyana mumuviri womunhu, kuwedzera basa ravo.