Chii hwokuvaka tsika? Technical zvirimwa

Vanhu vazhinji ndaziva zvinenge zvose akura pasi, kufanana zvokudya, asi zvisizvo. Vazhinji munyika yekurima basa nayo pasi kurimwa maindasitiri zvirimwa. Gore negore yakawanda zvinhu anobudiswa nokuda kwavo. Uye hazvisi nguo chete. Sipo, matai, zvinodhaka, fodya, zvokuvakisa uye biofuels - ichi hachisi gurupu zvinomera mikana yakadaro. The turnover vakawanda kunyika maindasitiri zvirimwa zvakafanana kukosha kukuru sezvo mafuta, simbi mhangura uye gasi.

Mhando maindasitiri zvirimwa

Technical tsika - a mbishi mashoko indasitiri. Zvivanakire, tsika idzi dzakanga Classified pahwaro okutambirwa mbishi zvinhu zvagadzirwa.

• Starchy tsika. Vari yakura, sezvo zita rinoreva, nokuda chete starch. Kazhinji, rinenge huri tubers. Mienzaniso - mbatatisi, mbambaira kana mbambaira.
• Sahorosoderzhaschie tsika. Plants vari vairima dzokubudisa kuti sucrose. Zvikuru nomukurumbira munyika yedu, vamiririri zvirimwa zvakadai - shuga bhiti uye shuga shamhu. Asi pane zvakawanda zvisingawanzoitiki zvinomera, akadai shuga Maple, nemhashu , kana chicory.
• Oilseeds. Iri boka guru ezvokutengeserana zvirimwa. Typical zvayo vamiririri: sunflower, soybean, nzungu, miti yemiorivhi, Castor, canola, sesame uye nevamwe.
• Anonhuhwirira. Plants ane kugadzikana anonhuhwirira. Boka iri zvakare zvikuru. Zvirimwa zvakadai ruva kana lavender, ndivo nyika-mukurumbira mbishi mashoko nyika perfumery uye zvizoro indasitiri.
• Fiber kana mutsvuku. boka iri zvinosanganisira uye faibha zvirimwa. Izvi furakisi, donje, hemp, kenaf, Sisal, ramie.
• Rabha zvirimwa. The dzakakurumbira - Hevea uye guayule.
• Tonic. boka iri rinosanganisira zvirimwa zvose, izvo zvibereko kofi, tii, cola, but, fodya.
• Cork kana probkonosnye. Izvi zvinosanganisira Cork nemiouki uye Amur koko.
• Other mapoka: dhayi (Sophora, turmeric, indigo), tannins (saxifrage, pomuouki, spruce) guttaperchenosnye (Euonymus, payena) chipimo chemushonga tsika.

Kurimwa maindasitiri zvirimwa

Industrial zvirimwa nenzvimbo imwe nzvimbo yakakura kurimwa munyika dzose. Usati grow kana mumwe wavo, kufungisisa kwete chete okunze, asiwo napedyo kuti processing miti, vanofanira pamisika nokuda pakugadzira zvinhu, ayo anobudiswa kubva imwe tsika.

MuRussia, maindasitiri zvirimwa kurimwa kwete chaizvo echisikigo ezvinhu sezvo vave kurima nguva unoparadza uye kunoda upfumi makuru. In Ukraine, ane nzvimbo nenzvimbo akanaka kuti maindasitiri zvirimwa, kushingaira kukura shuga bhiti, sunflower uye neshinda.

tsanga All uye maindasitiri zvirimwa zvinoda kushandiswa dzinokosha michina kuti kuchenesa uye anokosha zvokushandisa. Kazhinji, izvi zvakare kufungwa apo pakugadzirira nzvimbo pasi mumwe kana mumwe tsika.

Nokuda kufarira vanhu kuti utano, nzira zvakatipoteredza noushamwari upenyu kurima zhinji maindasitiri kunounza zvimwe mari vaburitsi. Somuenzaniso, elavender vomuminda French Provence. Kuyemura maruva uyu zvinoshamisa akaisvonaka miti kunokwezva vanhu vanobva pasi pose. Kwavari, kuronga mhemberero uye nemitambo kuti auye chikuru zvikuru chiri imwe mari.

Main hwokugadzira tsika muRussia

Pakutanga kuRussia nokushingaira kukudziridzwa zvakadai zvirimwa zvokutengeserana kufanana sunflower. Nokuti kugadzirwa mbeu sunflower wenyika, nyika yedu pokutanga wechipiri munyika (kutungamirira Argentina). tsika iyi akauya kuna Russia pasi Peter I, pamwe mbatatisi. First sunflower vairima kushongedza, asi zvino vaigona kunzwisisa zvikuru kubatsirwa chirimwa ichi.

Kamwe Britain aiva ndiye pamusoro kugadzirwa shuga, sezvo zvirimwa zvose shuga ipwa vaiva navo. Nechekare regumi namasere remakore, dzimwe nyika vakatanga kutsvaka, sei kuti zvinodiwa pamusika wavo shuga. Somugumisiro, muna 1747 yokuGermany kemisiti Andreas Marggraf shuga akawanikwa shuga bhiti. Zvino shuga bhiti dziri huru zvirimwa (hwokugadzira) munyika dzakawanda, asi mu Russia inoremekedzwa chimwe muzana zvose anorimwa nyika.

Russia yagara inozivikanwa hwokubereka neshinda. In Belarus uye Russia vaviri pavatatu kukudziridzwa neshinda faibha rose. Russian inotonhora uye kuchinaya yechirimo - akakodzera mamiriro ezvinhu kurima neshinda. Kunyange zvazvo iri internet chirimwa, asi mafuta Mufurakisi mbeu ine mukuru muviri kukosha uye chimbuzi yepamusoro pendi. Dzomucheka micheka vari yakasimba chaizvo, akanaka, vari kushandiswa zvisiri nyore chete, asiwo avhiyesheni, uyewo mune Automotive indasitiri.

Technical tsika munyika

Munyika yose gore inobereka matani anopfuura mamiriyoni 20 donje. Ndiro huru maindasitiri chirimwa munyika. Imwe-cheshanu chenyika kwakazara kumorwa United States uye China, gumi muzana kukudziridzwa Pakistan uye India, yakawanda kukura donje muTurkey, Uzbekistan, Ijipiti uye Siria. Matani donje kuti makirogiramu 400 faibha umo zviuru zvitatu mamita rejira.

India, China, Bangladesh uye dzimwe nyika Asian ndivo inozivikanwa kurima jute, Sisal, unokupai yose nyika burlap, tambo uye micheka zvinonyadzisa. In South-East Asia riri kukura Hevea, kushandiswa kugadzira rabha zvigadzirwa.

Anonhuhwirira uye värjäys akura munyika dzakawanda. Somuenzaniso, anenge ose nhamba yenyika kuunganidzwa nesafironi ndohwavo Iran. Izvi hazvisi chete dhayi, asi mumwe kupfuura zvinodhura zvinonhuhwirira munyika. Kuti tiwane churu kuti nesafironi zvinokosha kuunganidza 200 zviuru Crocus.

Zvinoitika kuti michina zvirimwa kuva chiratidzo munyika. Somuenzaniso, akasimuka kuBulgaria. Munyika ino, muna Kazanlak Valley ine nyika yakakurumbira Rose Museum. Yabudisa nyika akamuka mafuta aita Bulgaria nyika mbiri.

Munyika dzakakurumbira uye zvakadai maindasitiri zvirimwa sezvo fodya uye mazambiringa. Cuban uye Turkish fodya vanosvuta vanoongwa pose, uye Germany ndiyo inozivikanwa kurima mazambiringa.

Zvinoberekeswa dzakachinjwa zvirimwa uye zvavanokwanisa

Soya - pari huru maindasitiri chirimwa munyika. masayendisiti US vanodavira kuti iyi ichava kwainyanya mapuroteni vanhu. US pave-mumativi vatatu soyabhinzi munyika. wegumi neipi tani wezviyo zvirimwa - a soya. Its kwete chete kudya, asi kushandiswa michina zvinodiwa. Kubva soya mafuta zvinogona kuitwa mapurasitiki, pendi, biofuel.

Masayendisiti ari kushanda dzezvidzidzo kushandisa zvakadaro ezvokutengeserana zvirimwa zvakafanana lupines. Mukana payo yakatopamhama kupfuura soyabhinzi. zvekushandisa tsika Izvi zvinoshamisa-chinja: internet goho yakaisvonaka yepamusoro akamendwa kubva miti kupa mafuta antioxidant ehupfumi, kubva kumidzi kuti kofi. A mutungamiri nyika iri kugadzirwa tsika nemaonero - Australia.

Peturu kubva maindasitiri zvirimwa

Mafuta reserves panyika kupera, uye masayendisiti munyika yose vari kushanda kutanga Zvakanyanya Kunaka Panguva Yepamuviri chaivo mafuta. Tarisa yakanakisisa hwokugadzira tsika kuti chinangwa ichi.

Chero bedzi vatungamiri mumunda uyu ndiwo soyabhinzi, canola uye donje, asi panewo asinganyanyi kuzivikanwa zvirimwa. Pakati pavo - the Jatropha South America, Asclepias syriaca, kopayba, inobereka munzvimbo dzinopisa pakati Amazon. In China, takawana kuti chirimwa Sindor Klabra. Its muto mwenje sezvo mafuta.

Kurimwa maindasitiri zvirimwa kare mhiri zvetsika zvokurima uye ichachinjwa kuva ano yepamusorosoro kwemauto pamwe tarisiro huru. Uyo akanzwisisa nhasi, ndiwane mangwana mujenya.