KuCrimea sezvo chikamu Russia. Kudzoka Crimea kuRussia

Vagari ari Crimean kweItari muna March 2014 kusvika vachibvumirana akavhotera mu referendum nekuda kudzoka kuCrimea kuRussia. Mheni zvisarudzo akatorwa neHurumende Duma kweRussia uye President kwakaita vaongorori vakawanda vanofunga kuti inokosha mashandiro chirongwa wakagadzirirwa refu, uye vatambi vanoziva mabasa avo zvakakwana. Chero zvakanga, asi kuCrimea sechikamu Russia, uye ikozvino zvose zviri kutarisira nezvemigumisiro ichi chiitiko amboitika.

mutemo International uye kuda vanhu Crimea

Munezvimwe mutemo dzakawanda wakaiswa vaviri dzinopesana pfungwa: kuvimbika ehurumende uye kodzero marudzi kuzvisarudzira. Nokuti "monogosudarstv" (kureva, avo vane ndima iri inogarwa rudzi rumwe chete), zvose nyore uye zvakajeka. Asi kana totaura multi-dzemadzinza inoti, mitemo kupikisana. Uye ichi ezvinhu, sezvamunoziva, nomumwe akasununguka kududzira yekare kwavowo. Naizvozvo, kana kuCrimea yakava chikamu Russia, nyika munharaunda achigumburwa uye akatanga kutaura pamusoro annexation ndima.

Masayendisiti Political vanoti kuti "nhoroondo Crimean" kusiyana zvishoma kubva pazviitiko kuKosovo muna 2008. NATO vemauto dzakabatana akapinda Kosovo kuti kudzivisa vokuSerbia kudzivisa referendamu. Chero zvirango zvavakatemerwa ne UN kumanikidza vakanga vasiri mauto. Inenge Saka akaita Russia, kana paramende Crimean akatuma chikumbiro kuHurumende Duma of Russian Federation. Musiyano chete ndechokuti haana zvakakodzera kupinda chinhu: a contingent wamapoka Russian Raichengetwa Crimea kuti anopfuura rimwe gumi.

Crimeans - rudzi kana kuti "kudaidzo womwoyo"

Zvisinei, kutaura yokuzvitonga marudzi hazvibviri: pane dziri hunhu "ari Crimean rudzi." Maererano Kuverenga nevanhu vanenge 60% muna Russian Crimean, 25% uye 10% Ukrainian wechiTatar. Chaizvoizvo, sezvo yose muUkraine hazvibviri kutaura kuti izvi kana kuti ndima ine dzemadzinza Ukrainians kana dzinza Russian. Kwete chete kuti, vanhu pachavo akafanana chaizvo, saka kamwe uye kwemakore ose uye vakavhengana chizvarwa.

Zvimwe zvakawanda zvakarurama kutaura kuti krymchanin - hazvina Russian, Ukrainian kana wechiTatar, uye murume kurerwa zvinoshamisa asi akaoma ezvinhu. The hunhu uye mamiriro okunze Peninsula akafuridzira vanhu uye rugare, asi panguva imwe chete zvikuru nehasha gungwa uye kunzwisisa nzvimbo hasha kuda uye ushingi, kutsunga uye kudada.

Kuitwa kuCrimea kuRussia dzinopikisana uye nharo uyewo nekuti, maererano netsika dzakawanda, kuti hurumende ichiisa chikamu mamiriro sezvo yakazvimirira upfumi sangano zvinogoneka. Asi kupinda imwe nyika - kwete. Saka nenguva yakafanira tasvika Abkhazia uye Ossetia, Transnistria uye zvakafanana Kosovo. Crimeans zvakajeka akaratidza kuti abatane Russian Federation.

History of kuCrimea

Peninsula akava Russia muna XVIII remakore, apo hurumende iri kudzivirira zvavanoda muGungwa Black uye kosi vanoverengeka hondo atadze kodzero yavo mudunhu iri.

By chirevo Empress Catherine II Crimea sechikamu Russia yakanga kuenzaniswa nemamwe "vatambi": iri Tatars pamwe nekodzero dzakafanana vamwe vanhu (rusununguko rwokunamata, mutauro, tsika, etc.). Uyezve, hurumende haina kuchinja uye mudziyo. Asi pashure kudzivirira Sevastopol panguva Crimean War, iro vakaburuka munhau sezvo wokutanga kudzivirira, vagari uye kutsigira veguta vakatanga kutora chimiro Russian uchiratidza kuzvipira kunyika.

Zvisinei, kuvapo Sea Black rengarava iri kudziviswa chaizvo inoti European, uyo akadzivirira kodzero dzavo muBalkan Peninsula uye Asia. Mune Crimean yeHondo 1853-56. Russia vakakundwa uye inotevera 20 makore vaimanikidzwa kusiya Peninsula, hwokubvisa Black Sea Fleet. Asi, kunyange zvakadaro, rekuUnited muguta Crimea sechikamu Russia akaramba. Sevastopol nemimwe misha vaionekwa Russian ndima iri Crimean Khan.

Zvionera Republic of Crimea

MuSoviet Union, Peninsula awana idzva chinzvimbo of zvionera Republic of Crimea. Russia kubva imperialist Hurumende yakashandurwa kuva mubatanidzwa umo vamiririri nomumwe rudzi akaedza kudana pacharwo zvokuvhoterwa. Asi kwete munzvimbo dzose akagamuchira chinzvimbo chakadaro. Most marudzi maduku uye vemarudzi pakupedzisira zvakazoonekwa kuva chikamu RSFSR.

KuCrimea sezvo chikamu Russia pakutanga rainzi Taurida Soviet Socialist Republic. Crimean zvionera Soviet Socialist Republic mukati RSFSR akaonekwa February 1921. Pakazosvika nguva, akaumba uye dzimwe dzaimbova dzeSoviet, haisi chikamu Russia.

Chokwadi, pashure pokuchinja, vanhu akasangana vanopfuura mumwe kuvhunduka: kushaya mvura yakachena, kusakura 1920s, achiperekedzwa nokuda nderwevaya (mu ano nani kuzivikanwa sezvo Holodomor), Kurambwa of Crimean Tatars Bolshevik pfungwa, etc.

Panguva Second World War, ari Crimean vakawanda vakatsungirira basa. A kudzivirira Sevastopol rechipiri achiri zvinovava wokutanga, asi kudzivirira Peninsula kwakakundikana zvakare.

Kutapwa Crimean Tatars

Mumakore 1942-1944 kuCrimea yavaibatisa nevaNazi, uyo, achishandisa Umambo nzira, simbisai chikamu kuri mapoka kubva vomunzvimbo, kazhinji Tatars. Kushandisa anoparadzirwa Anti-Soviet, vaNazi tisimudzire "malcontents uye vaitsoropodza" kubatana panhengo kuzvidzivirira uye vachirwisa partisans.

Zviri izvi mapoka kuzvidzivirira "yakabatsira" chisarudzo musi vachiendeswa ane vanhu yose kubva mundima Crimean kweItari. Russia iri guru, uye hurumende yeSoviet vakasarudza vatame kubva Tartars muruwa. Nhoroondo Modern rinoti "chirango hurumende," asi pane shanduro maererano iyo vokuGermany panguva shure muna dzatorwa vakasiya yose richikurukura nevamiririri. Kupindira urongwa nevaNazi, uye anosarudza dhipota Tatars kubva Crimea, Finns, Poles uye vokuGermany kubva kumuganhu munzvimbo, etc.

The post-hondo njodzi Crimean

Map of kuCrimea sezvo chikamu Russia zvakachinja pashure Second World War: kuti kuzvionera havasisipo (ipapo nharaunda), vakawanda nemisha vakanga apiwa zita rokuti, uye vanhu Ukrainians uye Russian kukasawedzerwa pakati pavagere nemisha kuparadzwa uye akapisa. Maererano nenhamba, kubudikidza 1946 rechipfumbamwe gore paiva vanhu vanenge zviuru 600 muna Crimea. Hondo isati yatanga, nhamba iri pedyo mamiriyoni 1,1. Taura pamusoro madzinza Zvinoumba vemo hatifaniri. Kana isati hondo, Ukrainians uye Russian chakaita kweanenge 70% vagere Peninsula, iri yepashure pehondo, nhamba iri pedyo 90%.

Republic of Crimea sechikamu Russia kusvikira 1954, gore. Yakanga unotara 300th gore pamusoro reunification rweUkraine uye Russia kuzvionera hwakatamisirwa administrative kuzviisa pasi pakati Ukrainian SSR. Ndianiko kutaura kuti Khrushchev akapa Crimea.

Sevastopol - wengarava garo

Kana Sevastopol, muna 1948, gore akagamuchira mamiriro guta rakavharwa nevarwi Republican kuzviisa pasi. Uye kusvikira 1961, uye yakaramba saizvozvo. Zvisinei, kuti achinja dzidziso rechiuto havana funga inokosha kukosha Black Sea Fleet. City akazarura, uye mamiriro reuto nechimwe pamwe bara ake. Pashure kuitwa pakati Akave nokuvandudza reMitemo of Ukrainian SSR muna 1978 vakadzokera Sevastopol "nzvimbo chaiyo": yayo Republican kuzviisa pasi akanyora yoga nyaya.

Asi chinonyanya kukosha ndechokuti hazvisi. Chikurukuru vanhu vari vakadzidza uye azadzwa nomudzimu Russian uchiratidza kuzvipira kunyika. Pashure pezvose, guta rino vakasangana nemateru makata Black Sea Fleet, aiva munhare vezvikepe Russian uye haana kumbochinja "rudzi" dzaro shanduko simba Crimea kweItari. Sezvo chikamu Russia 2014. Sevastopol penzvimbo anopiwa zvakare, guta yeUnited kukosha, nyaya Russian Federation.

Vakachera ari magwaro uye kudzidza navo nokungwarira, mamwe venhau uye masayendisiti enyika vakasvika pakugumisa kuti, pamutemo, Sevastopol uye havana kuuya kubva pasi wenharaunda yaitongwa Russia. Chokwadi kuti panguva "chinja" yechiUkraine maguta Crimea administratively omurume kwete Crimean zvionera Republic, uye Russian Federation (nemhaka chinzvimbo chinokosha rechiuto hwaro).

Kuparara Soviet Union uye kudzoka Crimean kuzvionera

Mukutanga 90s, kana pamusangano muna Belarus, kwakasarudzwa hupere pamusoro USSR, nyaya miganhu chepasi Peninsula akamutswa kakawanda. The chikuru harizi kubata referendamu muna Crimea muna 1990, izvo zvakaita kuti kuzvionera rukaporeswa. Makore maviri gare gare, veko Supreme Council kushandisa bumbiro romutemo uye kunzi Crimean zvionera Soviet Socialist Republic kuti Republic of Crimea. Zvisinei, wokuUkraine Supreme Council of zita haana kutenderwa.

The Russian Paramende rave akamutsa mubvunzo pamusoro legality pakati kuchinjwa Crimea kuUkraine uye kudiwa kuidzosera mukati Russian Federation. Zvisinei, muna 1990, zvibvumirano vakanga wakasainwa musi kusavapo miganhu dzinofunga pakati Kishi nyika.

Ukrainian political dambudziko muna 2014

Yatanga muna 2013, vakawanda yokumukira muUkraine vave anokonzerwa kuturika pakati kwokubatsira President Yanukovych munyika European kusangana. Peaceful uremu okutsutsumwa vokuparidzira akakura mune basa hasha zviito pamusoro aivapo hurumende enyika.

Zviitiko zvose tevera zvinopindura chaizvoizvo semheni; pashure kubviswa President Yanukovych kwakaita Supreme Council of Crimean zvionera Republic haana kuzivikanwa shanduko simba muKiev, aifarira-Russian mauto Crimean kwakawedzera, uye achitsigirwa Russia vakakwanisa kuchengeta referendum pamusoro kudzoka Peninsula of Russian Federation.

referendamu

Kuisa Zvinongoreva, akashandiswa chete mubvunzo yakwidzwa nokuti ruzhinji hurukuro, aiva: "Unoona Crimea sechikamu Russia?"

Zvechimbichimbi zvisarudzo akaramba vanonoke musi refenduma vakadaidzwa vanoshingaira zviito zvitsva Kiev zviremera. Pakutanga yaizotongwa pakutanga May, kuti referendamu "On paakadzokera Russia" wakaitwa March rechi16. Maererano ahwo, Dare Council of Crimea chisarudzo pamusoro kuzvimirira wamambo wehurumende - Republic of Crimea.

Muitiro kubatana Peninsula

Wakati arondedzera kwayo rusununguko, hurumende Crimean akambokumbira kuti Russian Federation aine panyaya kuti Republic of Crimea neguta Sevastopol pamusoro Rights of Federation. Moscow asarudze kwete kwenguva yakareba kuuya. Kunyanya kuti kuziviswa uchangamire kurerutsa yepamutemo yemibvunzo accession maererano nenharaunda yacho Russian Federation. Chokwadi kuti, maererano nomutemo Russian, hurumende inogona funga vaitaura kuti accession yeRussian Federation chete pamusoro yakazvimirira yaiona dzakabatana.

Kutaura kuti, uye President kweRussia uye State Duma uye Federation Council of Russia "pasina kufunga" akatora Crimea kupfimbwa hakusi zvakakodzera. Republic of Crimea uye guta Sevastopol: Mumazuva mashomanana ose chokungoitawo, uye Russian Federation vakabatana vatambi vaviri dzagadziriswa.

Chokwadi, kusangana muitiro yakaoma uye refu, kunyanya panyaya "zvakavaomera" nzvimbo. Asi mafungiro uye chido chavagari Crimea chechetere zvose nematambudziko uye matambudziko angamuka.