Kuchengetera mhuka carbohydrate. Reserve makabhohaidhiretsi vari mhuka Sero glycogen kana starch? Sezvo Reserve carbohydrate inonzi masero mhuka?

All makemikari ari masero mhuka inogona muchidimbu muna verbs zviviri: "chitoro" uye "mari". Muduku muviri, zvikuru nedanho kwetunhu uye kuunganidza Organic zvinhu zvichaita vakawanda pamusoro cleavage dzavo uye zvekushandisa. Chikonzero chacho chiri pachena: kukura uye kuti "kuvaka" muviri wako, unofanira yakawanda epurasitiki zvokunyama uye Chokwadi, simba. Huru kuvaka zvinhu masero ane puroteni, hune uye remubatanidzwa kupa simba - glycogen.

It anonzi kuchengeterwa carbohydrate reserves ari chiropa uye skeletal tsandanyama pamusoro mhuka; zvose mhuka uye vanhu. Kudzidza zvivako ayo uye uchanamatira basa iri.

Chii uye apo tiri stocking

Pachiyero wemhuka masero Organic yeimwe vari synthesized uye vaunganidza kwayo STRUCTURAL dzakabatana - organelles. Mapuroteni vari synthesized mu ribosomes, lipids, uye makabhohaidhiretsi - mu hova kumeso endoplasmic reticulum. In mhuka mumatanda kuti makemikari zvinhu zviri vaunganidza munyika skeletal tsandanyama, chiropa, subcutaneous mafuta uye shwanu. Carbohydrate kupembedza mhuka glycogen, riri synthesized kubva shuga huri muropa.

It achiumbwa sezvo rakavapo dissimilation zvokudya, izvo zvinosanganisira, zvikurukuru, miriwo starch: chingwa, mbatatisi, mupunga. Izvi zvinhu dzaputswa mumuromo, dumbu, uye duodenum. Kuti kuora yavo huru. The zvichiguma shuga wefodya unopinda muropa capillaries ari villi pamusoro ura duku uye ipapo akatakurirwa neropa kuti tsandanyama uye chiropa, umo synthesized carbohydrate kuchengeterwa mhuka uye vanhu.

Chii glycogen

Kunyange zvazvo zita fuma aripo, mashoko "glycosylation", iro rinoshandurwa kubva muchiGiriki rinoreva "kutapira", ane anenge asina kuravira. Ungangove, zita rinoratidza kuti ndeye boka makabhohaidhiretsi yakaoma, ane vakasara shuga, zvechokwadi inotapira kuravira. Glycogen ane chimiro chena upfu structureless. Hazvina hydrophilic nokuumba munhu colloidal mhinduro rakafanana mukaka. Sezvo Reserve carbohydrate ari muchitokisi mhuka, mumwe polysaccharide iri hydrolyzed nenzira acidic ezvinhu mumatanho dzakawanda. Zvibereko nekuita ayo nemvura vari dextrins, mberi - maltose, uye pakupedzisira, shuga. Sezvo polymer musanganiswa ane chimiro glycogen mapazi cheni mamorekuru kunosiyana zvavo.

nemakemikari ehupfumi

Isu makasimbisa chokwadi kuti glycogen ndiye dura carbohydrate nemasero mhuka. Reserve vamiririri ichi mhando vanosangana ari cytoplasm pamusoro hepatocytes, leukocytes uye myocyte wezvikamu zviviri pakatarisana muitiro. Origin: dissimilation, zvichiita kuti vasunungurwe shuga mamorekuru uye wechipiri - kuitwa, iyo rinoshandurwa mugomba kupembedza zvakawandisa shuga polymer - glycogen. It rinoungana mumuviri uye ari muchitoro simba zvaishandiswa nedanho upenyu hwemhuka uye hwevanhu.

Sezvo synthesized mhuka starch

Yeuka kuti, kubva makemikari nemaonero, ndiko macromolecular remubatanidzwa - polymer with monomer residues vari α-d shuga. Kuti ivo dzaibatanidzwa glycosidic zvisungo, activation kunodiwa, kureva "kuzunguza" Sigma-chisungo kabhoni marangwanda hexose. Izvi zvinoitwa munyika dzinonzi hexokinase kuita. Animal kuchengeterwa carbohydrate synthesized kubva shuga-6-phosphate. fuma iyi - chibereko hexokinase kuita. The enzayemu catalyzes kuti mashandiro dzataurwa pamusoro apa iri huri cytoplasm Kidney masero, mucosal rukoko pamusoro ura duku uye chiropa mhuka uye vanhu.

Kuparara glycogen

Sezvataona kwokutanga, Reserve makabhohaidhiretsi mumasero mhuka iri starch - glycogen. zvidzidzo nokukanganisika yakaratidza kuti ayo cleavage havagoni kuitika pasina kutora chikamu zvimwe enzayemu - phosphorylase. It anoshanda munzvimbo acidic unosvikirwa pamberi inorganic phosphate mamorekuru. Sam enzayemu anova kushingaira pasi pokudzora kwomudzimu pancreatic kemikari - glucagon. Kuvapo Its muropa kunoratidza kuti padanho shuga kwake pasi. Naizvozvo, mhuka muviri mobilizes kuchengeterwa makabhohaidhiretsi - glycogen otanga kuputsa, kuti zvimwe shuga mugove.

Izvi zvinonzi glycogenolysis. Neurophysiologists vakawana kuti mahormone anokonzera kutenderera musoro - adrenaline uye noradrenaline neve adrenal omumuviri, uyewo unotokonya glycogenolysis.

The chiropa uye ayo muchinangwa muviri kuti makabhohaidhiretsi

In zvipenyu, chikuru zvomudumbu shwanu kuti mhuka inonzi fekitari nemakemikari. Zvechokwadi, izvozvo ndizvo chaizvo zviri enzymatic siyana kuti nechokwadi kuti kupanana yacho uye simba, kureva muviri. Sezvo nechakare, kuchengeterwa makabhohaidhiretsi vari mhuka Sero glycogen. kuora Its Kurumidzai kutungamirira saturation ropa shuga - huru kunobva simba nokuda mhuka dzose uye vanhu.

Kurasika mhuka starch ndanyarara hangu mumiviri yavo kuburikidza nokugamuchira starchy zvokudya: mbatatisi, chibage nomupunga. All mishonga izvi inozviisa kudzikisirana ari zvomudumbu turakiti, uye kunoguma shuga anopinda muropa, uye kubva ikoko - mumasero, kunyanya skeletal tsandanyama uye chiropa. Vari synthesized mhuka starch kubudikidza enzayemu - glyukopirofosforilazy.

Chii pezvakaitwa kuitika mu skeletal mhasuro

Sezvaiitwa chiropa, mu myocyte - tsandanyama masero, kuunganidza mhuka starch. Sezvo kwetsandanyama chikuru zvikuru kupfuura uremu chiropa, uye glycogen tigutsikane mazviri yepamusoro zvikuru. Panguva yechiitwa mhuka starch hunotanga rwakakamukana. Lactic asidhi achiumbwa nokuda glycolysis, inopinda muropa uye achaendeswa kuti chiropa uye itsvo masero. In akavabudisa vaviri lactic asidhi mamorekuru synthesized paminiti Chidembo kuti shuga, iro zvino kushandurirwa Reserve polysaccharide. The kuita anotora nzvimbo kushandisa simba pamusoro ATP. Saka, yokutsiva carbohydrate mhuka Sero glycogen vaunganidza ne myocytes, hepatocytes, masero renal cortical, masero myocardial uye zvemapapu.

Basa enzayemu iri muviri hwemhuka starch

Sezvakataurwa kare, pakutsiva masero mhuka carbohydrate inonzi glycogen. Somugumisiro wezvikamu zviviri pakatarisana mirayiridzo iri muviri: fission uye Fusion, zviri zvakare mune siyana izvi. Mutual kutendeutsa shuga kupinda glycogen uye shure zvinobvira chete kana kupindira wanda izvi chinhu chisinganzwisisiki enzayemu hurongwa. Hunosanganisira glikogenogeneza catalysts akadai phosphoglucomutase (vatendeuki shuga 6-phosphate kuti Shuga-1-phosphate) uye UDF- glyukopirofosforilaza (irreversibility kunopa glycogen usage). cleavage kuitike pamberi glycogen uye vaviri makemikari sequentially wakanamatira mu glycogen branching divi ngetani. Ezvinhu ari enzayemu dzataurwa pamusoro apa anoita chete pamusoro kupanana glycogen mu heterotrophic mhuka muchitokisi, saka mhinduro yakarurama kuti bvunzo mubvunzo: kuchengeterwa makabhohaidhiretsi mumasero mhuka iri: 1.Krahmal 2 Glycogen? - ndiwo mashoko ari nhamba 2.

Carbohydrate muviri uye nemigumisiro yayo

Pachishandiswa pamusoro apa zvinhu tawana kuti kuchengeterwa carbohydrate ari muchitokisi mhuka iri glycogen. Kutyorwa kwayo muviri zvinogona kukonzerwa nezvemarudzi maviri zvikonzero. Chokutanga - chikanganiso mune zvokudya uye mararamiro, wechipiri - pakupona ari enzayemu mugadziriro muviri. Set of makemikari ukama payo, ndiye zvose kukamurwa mhuka starch, uye ayo mwero shuga zvinowanikwa muropa. Naizvozvo pathologies kuonekwa sezvo ari zvinoitwa epurasitiki muviri, uye simba. Dzinonzi glycogen. Sokurondedzera apa, yokutsiva carbohydrate ari muchitokisi mhuka iri glycogen rinoungana zvikurukuru muna chiropa uye skeletal tsandanyama. Nokudaro, marudzi maviri syndromes: tsandanyama uye chiropa etiology. Boka rokutanga unosanganisira Glycogen okuchengetera chirwere mhando V. Murwere hakuiti enzayemu phosphorylase. Izvi zvinotungamirira chimiro iri weti hromoproteidov - myoglobin vasunungurwa panguva rinorema chaiko basa. Izvi zvinoguma Kuparara tsandanyama rinenge uye chitarisiko convulsive inoti.

To chiropa chirwere zvinosanganisira chirwere Gierke vake. It kunoitika kazhinji kubva paucheche. Varwere vari chiropa masero vasina enzayemu kunoshandura kwokutanga zvibereko cleavage pakati glycogen kuti shuga muropa murwere saka pane yakaderera chaizvo pamwero shuga (gipoglikimiya) uye acetone mu weti sokuti, kukonzera kudhaka ane muviri.

Munyaya ino isu akaongorora zvigadziriswe mhuka starch muviri - Glycogen unoyerera mumasero mammalian uye nevanhu.