Karyotype - kuongorora kuchazobudisa zvakavanzika zvekuzvarwa

Nhasi kazhinji muzvinyorwa kana mavhenekeri mafirimu vanowanzove vatsva vanowanikwa nevashambadzi kuti vawane mhosva yezvokwadi yekutsvakurudza kwekaryotype - kuongorora kunobvumira kudzidza DNA yevanhu uye kuenzanisa iyo, kana zvichidiwa, nekutora samples. Pasina mubvunzo, zvidzidzo zvezvemagetsi zvakatanga kuparidzirwa zvakanyanya mukurapa nekugadzirwa kwemichina yakakodzera, maitiro ekutsvakurudza uye kuonekwa kwechizvarwa chevanyori vanogona kushanda nemidziyo iyi.

Zvidzidzo paKaryotype - nzira inokosha yei genetic diagnosis

Kudzidza karyotype mune zvekurapa ndeimwe yematanho ekurapa mazano ekurapa. Icho chirevo chekutsvakurudza chinobva pazviri chokuti mumasero ehupenyu chero hupi zvayo hupenyu hwekugadzirwa kwekromosomes, vatakuri vemagumo ezve genetic, haigoni kushanduka muupenyu hwose. Zvisikwa zvipenyu zvose, zvisinei nemarudzi, zvinogamuchira kubva kuvabereki vake hafu yenguva yekromosome, iyo inobatanidza panguva yekugadzirwa - kubva panguva ino kusimuka kwehupenyu hutsva hunotanga. Nhamba yekromosomes uye maitiro avo anoramba asina kuchinja muupenyu hwose. Zvechokwadi, ndicho chikonzero munhu wose anofanira kuita chidzidzo che karyotype kamwe chete munguva yehupenyu.

Kuongororwa kunogona kuitwa nemasero emuviri wevanhu - kuumbwa kwama chromosomes hakugoni kushandurwa pasinei nemhando uye nzira yekuenzanisa. Iyi tsvakurudzo iri mukudiwa mumishonga, uko nzira yakadaro yekuongorora ino yemazuva ano inoshandiswa kuzivisa zvirwere zvinokonzerwa nehutachiona mumurwere pachake uye nehama dzake. Kuongorora uku kwakawana kushandiswa mukuita mhosva, apo karyotype yemasero inoshandiswa mumisheni yakasiyana-siyana uye mishonga yepamusoro.

Kuti kudzidza kunoitwa sei

Zvakakosha kuziva kuti kana zvakakodzera, tsvakurudzo inogona kuitwa pane chero masero emuviri womunhu, uye mune dzimwe nguva kunyange vakafa masero (misoro, misumari, epidermis). Asi kumhanya kwekuwana chigumisiro kunobva pakukurumidza kwokuti masero eiyi kana kuti iyo miviri yomuviri womunhu yakakamurwa. Mushure mezvose, chete nehupenyu hwemasero anowanzoparadzanisa zvinogona kuedza nokukurumidza karyotype. Kuongorora, kunyange nekubatanidzwa kwakanaka kwemamiriro ezvinhu, kunotora nguva - zvakanakisisa, chigumisiro chakazara chekudzidza chinogona kuwanikwa nemaoko mumazuva 25-30. Mukuongorora maitiro, kuedza kwakakurumidza kunogona kushandiswa - kunoda nguva shoma, asi mhinduro yavo inoda kuwedzerwa kuongororwa nenzira yakasarudzika.

Penguva yekutsvakurudza, muenzaniso wezvinyorwa izvi unomirirwa pasi pe laboratory. Kukura kwemaitiro ezvitokisi kunoitwa pamusangano wehutano hwakanaka uye pasi pebasa re laboratori. Kazhinji kazhinji kutsvakurudza, ropa rinotorwa - capillary (kazhinji kazhinji) kana vhutu, kazhinji-kupora kubva mucous membrane yemuromo. Kuongororwa kweropa pane karyotype mune zvemazuva ano maitiro ekurapa kunowanzoshandiswa mukurapa uye mazita ekupa mazano. Iyi nzira yekuwana mashoko inobatsira kuwana nhamba yakakwana yemasero (kazhinji kacho leukocytes) iyo ichakura mu laboratori, yakagadziriswa, yakasvibiswa nedhayi dzakasiyana uye dzinoongororwa.

Apo karyotype kuongorora kunokosha

Zvinowanzoitika kuti chromosome inoshanduka mumasero emumwe wevabereki vanogona kunge ari mhosva yekusagadzikana kwevakaroorana, naizvozvo, kana kusununguka kana kubuda kwepamuviri pakuzvitakura kunoongororwa, karyotype inongororwa. Kuongororwa kunowanzotaurwa mumatambudziko ekugadzira uye kuongororesa, asi inofanirwa kuitirwa chete kune chinangwa chechiremba, mushure mekuongororwa uye nguva dzose kuongororwa.

Kuongorora uku kunobatanidzwawo pakuonekwa kwehupenyu hwehutano, kunyanya kuparadzirwa nekuzvidzivirira kwezvinyorwa zvekare (chirwere chinowanikwa chete apo maviri ezvirwere "anosangana"). Nhasi, chidzidzo ichi chinogona kugoverwa kumwana akazvarwa patsva uye munhu muhupenyu hwake hwose, uye fetus - panguva yekusagadziriswa. Muchiitiko ichi, nyaya yekuongorora inova amniotic fluid, placenta kana chorionic particles.