Izvozvi gamete mu biology ... ...

Iyo geteti iri mu biology iyo germ cell yemuviri, inotakura rimwe chete rema chromosomes. Gametes inoita basa rinokosha mukudyara uye intrauterine kukura. Funga nezvemuviri wemunhu, mune chimwe nechimwe chekufungidzira (kwete chepabonde) sero rine 46 chromosomes, kureva, diploid set. Chero bedzi mumasero epabonde , gametes, nhamba yekromosomes ndeye 23. Kana masero aya achibatana, zygote ine mazere echromosomes yakaumbwa.

Iyi nzira ichakurukurwa nezvinyorwa zvakare. Chokutanga, ngationgororei zvakajeka izvo geteti iri mu biology. Iyi ndiyo germ inoshandiswa pakuberekwa. Asi chii chakarongeka uye chimiro? Ngationei mubvunzo uyu nemashoko akawanda.

Gametogenesis

Gametogenesis ndiyo nzira yegamete yekusimwa mumuviri. Zvinoreva spermatogenesis (muvarume), uye oogenesis (muvakadzi). Gametogenesis iripo muhupenyu hwemhuka dzakasiyana-siyana nemiti: algae, fungi, arthropods, shiri, amphibians, mollusks, zvipfuwo.

Anatomy ye gametes

Mudzimai wegeteti mu biology ndeyeii. Iyo inoumbwa semugumisiro we oogenesis. Maii mashizha ane ruzivo rwezvakakosha zvakakosha pakugadzirwa kwe zygote mushure mekuberekwa. Iyo haina kusimba uye inowanikwa (inenge 100 000 times) yakakura pakukura kwevarume zvepabonde masero.

Murume wegeteti mu biology is spermatozoon. Aya masero ari maduku zvikuru kudarika vakadzi vechidiki. Ivo vane flagella, izvo zvinoita kuti spermatozoa ishandise uye kukurudzira kufambira mberi kumadzimai epabonde evakadzi. Mu arthropods, spermatozoa haina flagella, asi izvi zvinotosiyana nemitemo.

Mifananidzo iri pasi apa inoratidza mifananidzo yevarume nevakadzi vemakemikati emagetsi - egg uye mbeu.

Biological role

Chii chinonzi gamete mu biology? Iyo tsanangudzo nemabasa zvakatove zvatsanangurwa, tichanzwisisa basa ravo rehupenyu. Gametes inoita basa rinokosha pakubereka. Fusing, gemetes ehurume neyemadzimai inogadzira zygote - cage ne full diploid yekromosomes. Muzhi revanhu pane imwe chete yekromosome - X. Sezvo varume vane zvose zveCh and Y chromosomes, zvimwe zvepermatozoa dzinotakura X, uye vamwe vanotakura chromosome Y. Zvichienderana nemhando yorudzii inogadzira egg, hutano hwemwana asati aberekwa hunoenderana. Chromosomes XX code yevakadzi nemukadzi, HU - murume.

Nenguva ishure mushure mokumwa, chiygote inotanga kukura nekuparadzanisa. Mukati peii rakasimwa kune ruzivo rwezvimiti nenzira ye yolk. Zygote inogona kugara kwechinguva muhurumende isingashandisi, kwete kugoverwa uye kusati yakwidziridzwa kusvikira mamiriro akanaka anouya. Iko rudzi rwekufambira kunhu humwe hwezvirimwa.

Nehuwandu hwezvibereko, mazai eii akakamurwa kuva alecital (pasina yolk), oligo- lecithal (ane zvishoma zvoutsi), mesolecitic (ane chiyero chemuviri wemuviri), polylecital (ine zvakawanda zve yolk). Zvinogona kugumiswa kuti gamete mu biology ibonde rekuita zvepabonde, risina kubereka zvakare pakati pevanhu vemarudzi aya hazvibviri.