Interesting zvinhu paupenyu NdiTolstoy. NdiTolstoy Aleksey Nikolaevich

Graf uye academician of USSR Aleksey Nikolayevich NdiTolstoy aiva chaizvo unyanzvi uye ichiita mabasa akawanda munyori, uyo akanyora zhinji Genres siyana uye mirayiridzo. In zvombo ake akaunganidzwa maviri nhetembo, rengano kurapwa Muchiitiko, vakawanda dambe, nhau uye dzimwe nyaya. Asi kupfuura zvose, iye - munyori mukuru uye inyanzvi zvinonakidza nyaya. Angadai paakavapa USSR State Prize (muna 1941, 1943 uye pashure pokufa kwake muna 1946). Mabhuku Biography rine zvimwe zvinonakidza zvinhu paupenyu NdiTolstoy. About pavo huchakurukurwa.

NdiTolstoy: Life uye Basa

December 29, 1882 (Old January 10th, 1883) muna Nikolaevsk (Pugachev) Saratov nharaunda vakaberekerwa NdiTolstoy Aleksey Nikolaevich. Apo mai vake aiva nepamuviri, iye akasiya murume wake N. A. Tolstogo uye takatamira kunogara Zemsky mushandi A. A. Bostroma.

Alyosha wake muduku akapedza munda wake vokurera mumusha Sosnovka Samara province. Rakanga makore kupfuura kufara kuti mwana anenge akura akasimba chaizvo uye hedonistic. Ipapo NdiTolstoy akapedza St. Petersburg Institute of Technology, dhipuroma asi hamuna akadzivirira (1907).

Kubva 1905 kusvika 1908 akatanga kubudisa nhetembo uye prose. Fame kuti munyori akauya mushure nyaya enganonyorwa "Zavolzhye" kutenderera (1909-1911 gg.), "Jackass" enganonyorwa (1911) uye "akaremara jendurumani" (1912). Pano akarondedzera anecdotal uye kujairika chiitiko chakaitika pamwe eccentric landlords yake yaakaberekerwa Samara province.

The yokutanga World

Interesting zvinhu paupenyu NdiTolstoy anonzi kuti World Rokutanga, akashanda se hondo tsamba. Zvino akanga nechido chaizvo pamusoro yaFebruary Revolution. Munyori vachigara muMoscow. Panguva iyo mugovanisi chimurenga, kuti dikidiki Government akagadzwa NdiTolstoy Commissioner kuti anodhinda kunyoresa. Kubva 1917 kusvika 1918, zvose zvakasikwa basa apolitical munyori airatidza mwoyo uye nehanya.

Pashure Revolution, kubva muna 1918 kusvika muna 1923, upenyu Aleksey NdiTolstoy akapfuura kuutapwa. Muna 1918 akaenda kuUkraine ari mabhuku runobudirira, uye muna 1919 akanga abviswa Odessa kuna Istanbul.

kuenda kumwe

Tichidzokera musoro "NdiTolstoy: upenyu uye basa", zvinofanira kucherechedzwa kuti vaviri makore akararama Paris, ipapo muna 1921 vakatamira Berlin, apo akatanga kumisa ekare ukama vanyori vakanga vasara Russia. Somugumisiro, haana abatwa ari kunze panguva nguva New Economic Policy (1923), akadzokera kunyika yokumusha kwake. Hwake kunze nezvibereko, uye akaona chiedza basa rake autobiographical "Childhood Nikita," "The Road kuKarivhari" (1920-1922 gg.) - wokutanga shanduro (1921), nenzira, muna 1922, iye akazivisa kuti chichava trilogy. Nokufamba kwenguva, Anti-Bolshevik mutsetse kubva yokufungidzira kwave akaruramisa, munyori akanga atsausa kuchinja basa ravo, kazhinji vanozeza uchi mapango nokuda enyika mamiriro ezvinhu USSR. Munyori kumbozvikanganwa nezve "zvivi" zvavo - vanokudzwa mavambo uye immigration, asi aiziva kuti zvakawanda vaverengi iye akaonekwa chete zvino, munguva yaitonga Soviet Union.

New yokusika

Paanosvika paRussian yokufungidzira "Aelita" yakabudiswa (1922-1923 gg.), The Sci-Fi Genre. Rinozivisa kuti Red Army musoja anoronga chimurenga musi Mars, asi zvinhu hazvina kufamba sezvo tichitarisira. Papera chinguva rakasvika yokufungidzira zvakafanana Genre, "The hyperboloid kuti Engineer Garin" (1925-1926 gg.), Izvo munyori reworked nguva zhinji wechipiri. Muna 1925, pakava tarenda nyaya, "ari Union mashanu." NdiTolstoy, nenzira, vaya wake renyaya vakafanotaura zvekushandisa zvishamiso zvizhinji, akadai muchadenga kutiza, nzvimbo kubatwa mavhoti, Laser, "akaputsa parachuti", weboka maatomu musimboti, uye zvichingodaro. D.

Kubva 1924 kusvika 1925 NdiTolstoy Aleksey Nikolaevich yokufungidzira pave satirical Genre, "The Adventures pamusoro Nevzorov, kana Ibikus" apo uchinzvera mushingi inorondedzerwa. Zviri pachena kubva munzira iyi Kuda Bender akaberekerwa Ilf uye Petrov.

Interesting zvinhu paupenyu NdiTolstoy

Nechekare muna 1937, NdiTolstoy akanyora nyaya pamusoro mamiriro sezvakarayirwa Stalin "Chingwa", apo mukufamba zviitiko kunyatsoona kunoshamisa basa mutungamiriri proletariat uye Voroshilov.

Imwe nyaya yakanaka zvevana mumabhuku nyika yaiva nyaya A. N. Tolstogo, "The Golden Key, kana Adventures kuti Pinocchio" (1935). Writer zvakanaka uye reworked kwazvo rungano "Pinocchio" by Italian munyori Carlo Collodi.

Munguva kubva 1930 kusvika 1934, NdiTolstoy anosika mabhuku maviri pamusoro Petro ake nguva. Pano munyori anopa kuongororwa wake yaitonga Mambo isati pfungwa. bhuku rake rechitatu, "Petro", akanyora, paakanga chirwere chisingarapiki.

Panguva Great Patriotic War Nadya akanyora mabhuku akawanda uye nyaya. Pakati pavo vane "hunhu Russian", "Ivan Grozny" uye zvichingodaro. D.

kuzvipokanidza

Nezvezvisikwa munyori Alekseya Tolstogo nani dzinopikisana sezvo, pfungwa, uye basa rake. MuSoviet Union yakanga chechipiri pakukura pashure munyori Maksima Gorkogo. NdiTolstoy aiva chiratidzo sei chaiye patriots eSoviet akanga vanhu chemhando kwamachinda. Iye kunyanya kumbogunun'una nezvokudiwa uye nguva dzose aigara sezvinoita jendurumani, nokuti haana kumbomira kushanda tapureta yake, uye zvaitsvakwa kudiwa.

Interesting chokwadi NdiTolstoy upenyu dzinosanganisira chokwadi kuti aikwanisa aruramisire avo vasungwa kana kunyadziswa vanoshamwaridzana, asi zvaaigona, uye kurega kuti. Akanga akaroora nguva mana. NV Krandievskaya, mumwe wemadzimai ake, mune dzimwe nzira semupi kumumvuri pakati heroines ari yokufungidzira "The Road kuKarivhari".

Patriot

Alexei aifarira kunyora chaizvo netsika pamwe wechokwadi facts, asiwo kwazvo akasika uye yokunyepera. Akamuda, aiva mweya upi vanhu, asi pakanga vaya vairatidza kusaremekedza munyori. Izvi zvaisanganisira Anna Akhmatova, Bulgakov, Osip Mandelstam (wokupedzisira NdiTolstoy Aitondiitira nembama).

Alexei NdiTolstoy aiva chaiye National Russian munyori, Patriot uye yokutungamirira, aiwanzoenda akanyorera yokumwe zvinhu uye zvachose ndisingadi kudzidza mitauro yokumwe kuti nani pfungwa dzake mutauro waamai Russian.

Pakafa Gorky kubva 1936 kusvika 1938 kuenda ari Union of Soviet Writers. Pashure pehondo, aiva nhengo basa kuongorora mhosva Kuedzwa nechisimba.

Zvinofanira kucherechedzwa kuti makore NdiTolstoy upenyu kwakaitika nguva kubva 1883 kusvika 1945. Akafa musi February 23, 1945 kenza pazera remakore 62 uye akavigwa muMoscow panguva Novodevichy kumakuva.