Howa shlyapochnye. How kudya amanita?

Sezvo siyana nyika notumwe, zvisikwa izvi zvakasikwa, takaberekwa tine zvimwe zvivako uye zvinomera, uye mhuka! Kwete kare, muna 1970, masayendisiti dzoga navo chaiyo hwaJehoshafati (pakutanga, howa zhinji semunhu zvinomera). A nesayenzi kuti rinotsanangura zvokurarama nazvo akasiyana mhando notumwe, pakuzivikanwa se mycology (bhotani).

umambo hukuru

Unotoziva kuti hazvisi chete chena, boletus, ruomba howa, howa uye dzimwe notumwe shlyapochnye nako vatinoona musango, kuunganidza navo pakubika. Uye Howa avo uye Oyster howa kuti tira kuti echiShinto ose muzvitoro kwete chete. Ushe notumwe - guru boka zvipenyu pamusoro Pasi, kubva nyore uye usingaonekwi chinoabatsira kuti neshinda-porcini hofori anogona kupa pokugara, sezvinoita rungano, mhuka diki uye nezvipembenene. Uye amanita - chete duku, asi zvechokwadi unokosha chidimbu munharaunda yakakura. About kwavari chinhu uye vakakurukura nhasi.

General unhu

Izvi zvinosanganisira pakutanga akakurumbira zvikara howa: chena uye Aspen, boletus uye howa, russula uye amanita, howa uye howa uye nevamwe vakawanda. Vanokura mumasango - Deciduous uye coniferous, anezvimiti, mafuro, pedyo nemvura. Mavari anogona kuwanikwa mumapaki uye dzinowanikwa mapindu, neminda yemiti. It rinoumbwa vamwe dzechembere izvi marudzi enyika, iri kushandiswa kwavo zvikurukuru zvokudya, sezvo vazhinji zvisikwa izvi zvakasikwa zviri dzinodyiwa uye kubatsira vanhu.

Howa uye vanhu

amanita unobatsira vanhu anorarama munhu basa rinokosha. Pakutanga, kunyanya kare, ndiko kunobva zvokudya. Howa yakawanda mapuroteni, mamineral mavhitaminzi, izvo dzinovabvumira kugara nzvimbo yakakodzera zvokudya dzevanhu cheni, uye panguva ino. shlyapochnye notumwe zvinogona wakagadzirwa dzakasiyana-siyana culinary kwendangariro. Uye avo kuita munyika kicheni tsika pakati siyana vanhu Earth, pane mazana inonaka ndiro.

symbiosis

Zvikuru vari shlyapochnye notumwe uye yakakwirira zvinomera. Vazhinji vavo - saprotrophs uye kurarama chete pavanoparidza miti (nenzira, runoratidzwa vamwe madunhurirwa: boletus, boletus Somuenzaniso). How kudya shlyapochnye howa? The mycelium iri zvakasimba wakamoneredzwa mudzi sechipanji, nekuita yepakutanga kushanda mudzi vhudzi, kuita zvizere chokuendesa Upfu uye saturation nezvinovaka muviri, mamineral mvura. A muti howa kubva shlyapochnye akagadzira vakagadzirira organics, uye iyo muzvikamu inorganic yeimwe, izvo ave nesimba pamusoro pemasimba zvinomera. Saka kuratidza kuti symbiosis pakubhadhara anoverengeka pamwe kungoreva kunobatsira, inonzi mycorrhiza.

fruiting muviri

Chaizvoizvo, chii ratinoti howa ndiyo chete chikamu yose muviri, muviri wayo muchero. Mumwe (uye chikuru) chikamu - mycelium - haizikamwi maonero panyika, manyowa-mupfumi, kana rakaora. Vazhinji mhando notumwe mycelium, kuti mycelium rinoumbwa dzakawanda hyphae. Izvi, vamwe pasi wakakodzera ezvinhu (mvura, inodziya ekunze) uye chimiro fruiting zvitunha notumwe pileate, mubudirei pemvura. Kazhinji ivo ine nguwani madzinde (asi pane monovarianty: chete ngowani).

Tubular uye ndiro

Zvichida kare kuziva chii shlyapochnye howa vari zvakasikwa? Vari rakamuka-kamuka tubular uye ndiro. Muzana rokutanga - gakava, akaronga kuti kupararira, unogona aumbwa yakamanikana tubules chivharo ane tubular chimiro. In wechipiri - kupokana dziri mune chivharo kwamahwendefa.

epuroni

Dzavo heti panzvimbo dzine dzimwe nguva kwakavharwa nenyama, Rakaunyana uye webbed. The dzakakurumbira: russula, volnushki, howa, howa, howa, uye mamwe marudzi akawanda blewits. Syroezhek oga, pane vanenge 300 marudzi! Vakawanda vavo vari dzinodyiwa uye rakagara richidudzirwa sezvaari nomumwe zvokudya yevanhu acharungwa, yakabikwa, zvakakangwa. Vamwe vano- kunzwa kunaka kuti haazombotaurwi kubudikidza soaking uye Kubika. Akawana chaiyo kukurumbira howa, iro anewo-siyana kwazvakaita, akawanda uko - vari dzinodyiwa. Howa vari zvakare chokuita lamellar howa anomera sezvingatarisirwa panyika uye mupfudze pamusoro Mafuro uye pamafuro. Kazhinji kuumba tenderera kugarwa, iro dzakakurumbira rinonzi "muroyi mhete".

tubular

Akavadzivirira zvakasikwa, pane zvishoma pane mhuka 250. Zvaitika munyika dzinodziya latitudes-siyana munyika yacho nyika. Ko piro-ngowani, kumativi uye dzine. The tubular rukoko pamusoro chivharo chose nyore akasvuura kure. Zvinozivikanwa kuti vazhinji tubular kuuya symbiosis pamwe dzakakwirira zvirimwa - miti zvimwe mhando. Zvinenge zvose tubular dzinodyiwa. Zvakanakisisa kuvazivisa ndiwo: chena, Aspen, boletus, Mokhovikov, boletus. Vamwe sepombi ane mu sezvamunoita yavo mishonga anogona kuuraya utachiona.

chakagadzirwa kurimwa

In mashoko kurimwa uye chakagadzirwa kurimwa howa nokuti vazhinji zvinoita tubular malovozmozhnym. Sezvo ivo chete zviripo symbiosis mimwe miti. Saka, nokuti maberekero Somuenzaniso, Birch howa pamusoro commercial pamwero zvinoda nyika yose birchwood. Asi kurima vamwe ndiro harisi chete zvichibvira, asiwo rave zvinobudirira kushandiswa nevanhu kwemazana emakore anoverengeka. Saka, zvakaitika maberekero vanhu howa ane kusvika makore 300. Zvino akakurumbira Oyster dzabudapo nyoro pakakwirira, uye ave achibudirira zvikuru.

polypore

Polypore - amanita-chisvetasimba infests miti uye anokwanisa kuparadza matanda avo. Dzinozivikanwa zviitiko sorwonzi, nokuyera 10 makirogiramu. Vari Kazhinji iri pamuti hunde dzacho. Uye pashure pokufa muti sorwonzi kwenguva refu, unogona kurarama, kugova pehuni uye dzaifura kuorera mazviri zvasara muti.

chepfu amanita

Kunyanya ngozi vanhu muchetura amanita, izvo zvinogona kukonzera chakakomba chepfu. Izvi, vakawanda muchetura vaiona toadstool rakachenuruka. Kana iwe kuidya (kunyange wakati welded kare), zvinogona kutungamirira kurufu.

Muhomori, howa venhema, cholic uye satanical howa uyewo kukuisa panjodzi kuvanhu. Chero zvazvingava havagoni kudyiwa. Kazhinji, howa aya dzinodyiwa uye Paarismängud, zvakafanana chitarisiko. Izvi mberi runogonesa mukana howa. Uye usati kuenda howa kundovhima, unofanira kudzidza zvakajeka kunzwisisa mhando howa, kwete kuva kubatwa poizeni. Vamwe shlyapochnye - conditionally dzinodyiwa. Idzi dzinosanganisira: svinushki, morels uye mitsetse. In izvi zvinokuvadza vanobviswa ne akadzokorora Kubika uye mvura exchange. Tinofanirawo kuyeuka ruzivo howa vamapepa, vamwe howa, kunyange vaiona dzinodyiwa, unogona kuva muchetura kana inounganidzwa achitevedza njanji kana penzira. Izvi imhaka yokuti notumwe zvinoodza kupinza zvinokuvadza secreted ne locomotives uye motokari. Saka, kuenda howa, zvakanakisisa yakawanda yokunyatsoongorora mberi kudondo.

Zviri munyaya ino inogona kushandiswa zvipenyu chidzidzo pamusoro "amanita" (Grade 5).