How kuvaka skyscraper. Innovation pakuvaka nhurikidzwa dzakawanda. The soro skyscraper munyika

Kuvaka kukwirira mumazana nyaya - inogara zvinoshamisa fungidziro mazano kuti kutarisa nomukurumbira uye vanoremekedzwa. How kuvaka skyscraper, uye nei izvozvo kuitei? The kwokugamuchirwa kuzeya dzakadaro kwakavakirwa Kuwedzera chavagari maguta kupfuura zvenyika. Panguva iyoyowo vava kupfuura zana metres yakakwirira, basa racho rokuvaka iri zvakaoma. mamiriro akadaro anofanira kuva asina dzichipfekeka chete, asiwo vakachengeteka. Ndokusaka nhasi nokuda Implementation muzvirongwa kwakadaro akarwawo kushandiswa zvikuru itsva ruzivo.

Chii mabikirwo kuvakwa nhurikidzwa dzakawanda? Izvo zvivako soro zvevakomana? Zvii zvakagadzirwa pakuvaka nhurikidzwa dzakawanda dziri kushandiswa ichangopfuura? Izvi uye nemimwe mibvunzo achaedza kupindura kwedu zvinhu.

The kusarudza nzvimbo yokuvaka

How kuvaka nhurikidzwa dzakawanda? A inokosha muchinangwa Implementation chirongwa ndiwo anosarudza nzvimbo nokuda placement pezvivako. High-simukai zvivako zvikuru kusimba Vakamanikidza pasi pane mureza dzinogarwa muzvivako. Chikonzero ichi kuti nhurikidzwa dzakawanda dziri chete gobvu ivhu kuti harina in, heterogeneous makuru uye accumulations mvura. Building chaizvo kureba zvine muhombe, asingaoneki kuti ziso munhu ari mumugwagwa pachivande. Zviri pachena, kuturika rokuvambwa kunzwisisa hurongwa kunoda kunyatsoziva kuongorora yezvakaita ivhu.

Walls uye kutsigira ezvirevo

Modern nhurikidzwa dzakawanda hazvigoni yakavakwa nezvidhinha kana kongiri Slabs. mhando iyi yokugadzirwa kwaizoguma akamirirwa pakuparadzwa kwava pedyo ari kusagadzikana mupfungwa pasi pokudzora dzinongoitika zvinhu.

Kazhinji pakuvaka nhurikidzwa dzakawanda havana kuita kushandisa mutoro-kubereka, chinoumbwa hurongwa hwendarira. Sezvo mashoko nokuda zvemarudzi bindepinde kushandisa monolithic yanyatsosimba yakakwirira simba pamwero.

marongerwo

Nechomukati, asi mudziyo Evhangeri yemvura noMweya ndiyo kubva nhurikidzwa dzakawanda mumaguta makuru dzimba. The chikuru kusimbisa pano riri pamusoro pokuita nemoto kuchengeteka. Mushure kubvisa vanhu nezvivako vakareba yakawanda mapuriro iri chiitiko petsaona zviri zvikuru matambudziko. Naizvozvo, dzomunyika inosvika nhurikidzwa dzakawanda zvavakagoverwa rinokosha moto ematongerwo. Muchiitiko chino, mumwe erevheta wandisa muimba anogara zvakabatana ane risina kumiswa dziripo simba.

Latest nhurikidzwa dzakawanda dziri kurongwa zvokuti panjodzi vanhu vaigona kupotera pasi zvekushandisa uriri, izvo kazhinji simbe chinhu. Panguva iyoyo, napo zvose kune kwakavakirwa kakawanda akashongedzerwa vakavirikidza masuo. Kushandisa izvi kuti kudzivirira drafts kuti kupa okisijeni rimi kana dzakaparira.

rutsigiro upenyu

Nhurikidzwa dzakawanda kazhinji vakapakata hurongwa kuti zvinopa mari simba rakawanda. Mukuvaka dzakawanda ano vari chinozoiswa kwezuva aenzana. Anokonzera mvura zvibereko pombi vari yakaiswa ose 10-15 uriri. Other nzira kupomba mvura mazana metres kumusoro hazvitomboiti. Zvakanaka, zvinofanira kucherechedzwa kuti hurongwa zvionera mhepo kutonhodza.

purojekiti mutengo

How zvikuru ndiyo pavakwe skyscraper? Kasiri kare, mainjiniya Japanese vakati vanoronga kuvaka chivako inonzi "Fuji", uyo kureba rinosvika sanzwisisika 4 makiromita. Rokuvaka presupposes kuvapo vakawanda 800 uriri. The rakapedzwa mamiriro anofanira kutakura vanhu vanenge miriyoni imwe. rezuva ukomba richashandiswa kupa magetsi chivako. Chii Mari yaidiwa kuvaka? Japan kuvakwa nenyanzvi Zvinofungidzirwa mutengo "Fuji" iri uwandu 300 kusvika mabhiriyoni 900 emadhora.

Kana mukuru kumba zvino riripo, saka ndiyo shongwe "Burj Khalifa" mu Zimbabwe. kukwirira kwayo kuri 828 metres. Mari skyscraper ichi rinosvika anenge mabhiriyoni 20 emadhora.

Next skyscraper urefu - Shanghai Tower, yakapedzwa muna 2015, akarasikirwa ayo creators chete 1,7 bhiriyoni. Kukwirira Kuvaka 632 metres.

The soro skyscraper munyika

Muna 2010 mu Dubai (Brazil) asuma rimwe unoyevedza zvivako munhau. The soro skyscraper munyika (828 metres) akanzi "Burj Khalifa". Mharidzo reshongwe chaiva chiitiko chikuru. Around yakakura chivakwa akakwezva zviuru nevaivaona. Kutepfenyurwa of mhemberero kuratidzirwa yose. Nokuti kuita panguva vakatarisa paterevhizheni chinyorwa mabhiriyoni 2 vaoni.

Nokuti purojekiti vakatora 5 rose kwemakore. Panguva yehurongwa ose Arab madzishe, vakanga basa nemari, vakaramba achinja. The ezvivako aifanira kugara natsai zano zvivako maximize kukwirira kwayo.

Pasinei zvose zvinoitwa madzishe, "Burj Khalifa", anofungidzirwa, anopikira refu agoramba unoyevedza nemamiriro munyika. Hazvina kudaro kare, hurumende Saudi Arabia yakazivisa pachako basa rayo, izvo zvinofanira richakudzikatira ayo UKURU yakakurumbira shongwe. Maererano nedzimwe nemishumo, kureba vaRafa itsva rinonzi Kingdom Tower achava 1,1 makiromita.

Nhurikidzwa dzakawanda mu New York

Imwe nyika vatungamiri nhamba nhurikidzwa dzakawanda por chikwata nharaunda nanhasi muguta New York. Iyi nzvimbo mecca ndiye akakurumbira "Empire State Building". Skyscraper yaiva mari peguta iri mharadzano pakati Fifth Avenue uye makumi matatu namana. The mamiriro anopindura rose guta nechigumbuso uye ichibuda kudenga nenguva 448 metres.

Kasiri kare, chirefu kupfuura skyscraper mu New York yakanga "World Trade Center". Akakura mamiriro kwaisanganisira vaviri mapatya shongwe, mumwe 541 metres kureba uye 110 uriri. Zvisinei, muna 2011, zvakatora njodzi yakaipisisa. Hapana chakavanzika yakakurumbira skyscraper rakaparadzwa kurwisa kwemagandanga uye zvose chinhu nyaya.

Muna 2005 akauya yakakurumbira Rofeller dzikafunga yemo mepu. Mari pakuvaka skyscraper vakanga dzinounzwa muzvinabhizimisi aibudirira John D. Rockefeller, uyo nokukudzwa uye zita kuvaka pachayo. Chivako shongwe pamusoro New York pa 259 metres. Kumusoro zvivako akashongedzerwa nezvakataurwa uriri, iyo inopa chimwe yakanakisisa panoram muguta. Zvinokosha kucherechedza kuti akataurwa shongwe padenga chivakwa, akaziva kuti vashanyi, haana mambure kudzivirira uye grids. Izvi zvinobvumira vashanyi kunakidzwa chinhu saizvozvo naka maonero.

itsva ruzivo

Panguva ino, kuvakwa nhurikidzwa dzakawanda munyika vanotungamirirwa kuzadziswa chirongwa pakati renewable simba manyuko, kushandisa eco ushamwari, yakachengeteka zvokuvakisa, kuderedza matambudziko eumambo negurumwandira pasi. The vanachiremba vanotungamirirwa zvaigona nokufamba rokuvaka, kushanda pairi pamusoro zvizivikanwe nemichina zviitiko.

How kuvaka nhurikidzwa dzakawanda? Chokutanga, vagadziri kunge akarwawo kushandisa zvinoumba zvinhu. Kazhinji, ndiye zano inodzokorarwa zvose kwevari meimba. Kushandiswa chinoumbwa kunoderedza zvinonyatsorehwa kurema chivakwa, paavhareji, kubudikidza 10%. Unyanzvi uyewo zvinoita kuti yekudyidzana kuwedzera Implementation muzvirongwa.

The zvemberi ruzivo anoshandiswa nhasi Asia. Hazvina kunyanya kunetseka pamusoro wakawedzera nemishonga mukuru-simuka zvivako, nokuda kudunhu ndingangokuvara kuuya kushanda zvinokonzera dzinongoitika dzoga. Saka, skyscraper Jin Mao, riri mu Shanghai, maererano nenyanzvi, anogona kuramba kuvimbika kwavo mazano ane mhepo kumhanya 200 km / h, uyewo kuramba chakamira pakunodengenyeka zvine simba rokuva anosvika 7 points. Inoshandiswawo kuburikidza Implementation pamusoro Mobile kwokubatana mukati kubereka simbi pembiru. A rakakura kukanganisa kuramba kutsiga nemamiriro zvinopa kuvapo imwe pool, riri pasi 57 ane skyscraper. Ekupedzisira anopa mukana yokufudza chivakwa nzvimbo.

Kwete pakupedzisira nzvimbo pakuvaka mukuru-vosimba zvivakwa chinhu rakawedzera nehanya zvakatipoteredza. Modern nhurikidzwa dzakawanda vari kuramba kutamba basa mhepo filters kuti wachenesa mhepo inosvika inokudza magasi, uye nezvimwe zvinhu zvinokuvadza. Muenzaniso unoshamisa ndiko kuvaka Bank of America, riri pachitsuwa Manhattan. Systems iri mukati mamasvingo chivakwa mamiriro anokwanisa rokuchenesa madhaka mhepo uye kupa akadzoka pazvakaringana atova Yakanatswa chimiro.

Most mukuru-simukai kuvaka munyika - "Burj Khalifa" inonyanya ari condensate, iyo zvino anoenderera kuva mvura yokudiridza akapoteredza greenery. Pakati pezvimwe zvinhu, paivakwa imwe skyscraper giredhi chaiye kongiri akashandisa angakudzivisai dzakakwirira tembiricha kuti kupfuudza 50 ^° C

In mhedziso

Saka isu afunga sei kuvaka skyscraper. Kasiri kare, vamwe pamusoro mabasa zvinoita zvishoma futuristic uye asingawaniki muna pfupi. Sezvinogona kuoneka, kukura hakumo munzvimbo michina. Itsva zvingaitwa miganhu kuva chikamu hwedu hwezuva nezuva uye kuwedzera kuongwa.