How kubatanidza muchina kuti pemapuranga: gungano, kugadzwa, wiring

Kuti tinzwisise sei kubatanidza muchina kuti ndiro, unofanira uzive shoma zvinodiwa magetsi kuchengeteka, moto dziviriro. Uyewo, ruzivo zvinokosha zvemagetsi okugadzira vanofanira kuverenga zvakafanira mitoro kubva midziyo yemagetsi. Zvakakosha kusarudza mhando mudziyo, kuti aizviti kukosha kwayo kushanda uye uwandu vakachengeteka mano.

Purpose Electrical

Kuti tinzwisise sei kubatanidza muchina kuti ndiro, unofanira kuziva chinangwa chacho uye mhando. The zvemagetsi paneeli iri zvose zvokushandisa kugoverwa kwezvokudya imba midziyo yemagetsi. Kune zviteshi, simba meter, RCD, michina, relays.

Din-vakabata midziyo pani, wakaitwa conductive zvinhu uye midzi pane imwe nguva. Elektroshchit edza kuisa pamusuo kuti mufurati kana mumigwagwa-divi pamba. Machine pacharo rinoreva slozhnotehnicheskim mano. Kwairi inofanira kusvitsa zvimwe zvinodiwa zvichienderana kuenda mudziyo.

Modern Machine kaunda inodzivirira wiring kubva redunhu michina uye anogona kudzivirira vanhu kunyange kubva magetsi kuvhunduka. Homemade pagomo nokuti mudziyo ari Panel gadzira hakubvumidzwi kuti vanonyoreswa nekuchengetedzwa mitemo kana kushanda musi namano pasi voltage. How kubatanidza nhoo muchina, nyanzvi anoziva kuva nhengo shiviriro bhendi. Asi kana muchitsvaka kuti mukudzidzire dzinodhura, uye hazvisi zvinobatsira, zvinokwanisika kuita yokutsiva yakazvimiririra.

Kukosha kuziva sei kubatanidza muchina kuna pemapuranga, usati watenga uye kugadzwa midziyo yemagetsi. Saka kusarudza zvakawanda simba hita yakachengeteka hurongwa, uye tinofanira kuwedzera akaparadzana michina kuti yakaderera-simba namano. Nokuti ekupedzisira, akaisa electronic vematunhu kutinhira. Kazhinji zvinokurudzirwa kuisa RCD, kupa munhu anokudzwa nokuvimbika uye vakachengeteka namano.

Electricians Most zvinopa mureza wiring dhayagiramu pasi kusungika - kumusoro. Zvisinei, kazhinji, kuti mita bhokisi vakatasva nyanzvi chokuita nemagetsi, uye vari zvokudya kubva pasi chokutambudzika muchina. Saka, asati kutsiva vakundikana chinoshandiswa kunodiwa kuyera wedzerai voltage voltmeter basa.

tsananguro

Box pakaunda mu flats unotora mbiri waya zvemagetsi kubatana zano. Zviri nyore uye unotora munhu inosimbisa waya - "danho", uye kutungamirira - "kwazvakarerekera" kana "razero". Modern yetsika zvinosanganisira kushandiswa "grounding" nokuti pfupi redunhu kudzivirirwa. Mano akadai wokuwachisa, firiji, yemagetsi choto, kunodiwa kuti kwakabatana ne-waya matatu hurongwa.

Pakunzi pamungawirirana waya - yero-nyoro mitsetse. tsika haana hapana kubatana kuti muchina, Pasika waya zvakabatana iyo inouraya. Asi inokurudzirwa aunganidze akamukwidza rakatevera ruzivo nyanzvi hakuuyi pasi kuitika chiito, ichitora kutungamirira kubva tsika pasi muchina. chero basa riri pamberi kunodiwa kudzima huru chinja, asi Electricians zhinji kuita basa pasi mupfungwa.

Wiring uye kubatana anofanira kuitwa nenyanzvi vane dzidzo uye shiviriro zvakakodzera. Kubata nuances naro vamwe michina hakusi nyore, kunyanya kana girobhu racho ose chiedza panosangana uye mutengi asarudza hwokugadza yoga redunhu mudariki. Vamwe masangano anogona kupa wakagadzirira akagadzirwa zvemagetsi Panel gungano. Asi iyi ndiyo pakuraramisa kukwanisa kuisa mamwe michina mune ramangwana kushandura zvinonakisa zvemagetsi wedunhu kana achida.

Zvinotarisirwa kuti midziyo yokutsiva

Nokuti chokugadza chokuita pamusoro muchina runodiwa:

• Tools: pingisi, flat uye Phillips screwdrivers, multimeter.
• Wire kushandiswa mudziyo, muchinjikwa chikamu anofanira kuva mukuru kaviri mutoro. Installation iri kuitwa mu akatogadza panel, saka ruzha-njanji haisi zvaisanganisira.
• The muchina anofanira mureza kuda. Waya uyewo aenderane kupinda chemarata hosipaipi kudzivirira zvokuimba kukuvara.

Tiine waya kuputira yabviswa, nokureba vakabvisa waya vakasarudzwa asina kupfuura 10 neMM, zvokuti pachena zvikamu zviri pasigasvikirwi nokuti maoko uye hamubati simbi. Grounding inokurudzirwa. Mudzimba vakura, zvingava vasipo. Asi iwe unofanira kuisa nokuda kwako uchengetedzwe.

Kubatanidza "pasi" rinoshandiswa pemapuranga vaiita panze inouraya kugumbura mumwe vatungamirire waya. Zvinoyerera yakakura kondakita muchinjikwa-chikamu. "Ndisina" riri Dzakamukurudzirawo kuita chimwe chinhu chinogumbura, asi akavharwa. Kazhinji zvingakanganisa upenyu hwevanhu. Kubhururuka remadziro anotanga kubatanidza pasi waya, ipapo vasina kwavakarerekera. Panoperera Pasika rakaiswa.

Kana uine akawanda michina vachishandisa jumpers kuti vari kutanga kubvisa huru chinja. Hose, chemarata mukati kurova-rova, vaida chete kana asiri mwero waya nokuturika, kana paine mukana kukuvara. Pfupi zvikamu chemarata havana kuisa.

Yaitsiva jumpers hakuzivani Kuparadzirwa ndiro, kutengeswa kubva chero zvemagetsi chitoro. Kudzivirira vokukurukura kubva pamusoro bhokisi akashandiswa muchina kuti mapurasitiki kana zvimwe dielectric.

Select mudziyo

The mutoro uri muchina zvishoma pane vanofungidzirwa. Kudiwa 10, 16, 20 ampere. A wakakwirira kureva kazhinji kuisa pasi boilers, Heaters dzimba muchoto. For mureza midziyo kukodzera 10 ampere: PC, TV, simbi uye bvudzi Dryer. Zvisinei, kana mumwe mudziyo zvinogona zvakabatana vakawanda mitoro, kunoguma kukosha inotengwa nokuwedzera masangano ose.

Not akakurudzira mumwe muchina kushandisa yakawanda mano, pangagara, chiedza mwenje. Pane kukundikana imwe Unit, panosangana inogona yakapambadzirwa pasina kutendeukira kubva fiyuzi. Sezvo 2-BSN mudziyo angatanga zvinodya 5 amperes mhaka iri bhodhi. Automatic kusvika 16 amps hazvishandi. Oplavitsya anogona kunyange kuputira pamusoro waya.

Saka, kusarudza muchina inokurudzirwa kubvunza magetsi nekuda kusarudza rudzi sechokudzivirira. Vakasiyana Kupindura zvazvingava kudzivirira, unobatanidza, dzomunyika mudziyo, nhamba maitikiro. Nokuti kugadzwa zviri Pasika kondakita nhoo rinoshandisirwa kubva yakamisirwa vachionana, zvichiratidza kazhinji kare kuwanika pamusoro muchina muviri.

marudzi haizoshandisi

mudariki mudziyo pakuti ayo mhando: mhinduro nokukurumidza mune millisecond kungava rinobva haizoshandisi uye akawanda kwemaawa michina ine bimetallic ndiro. Tsamba iri notation ane mutengo kana sechokudzivirira. Home inokurudzirwa kuisa mhando B, C.

Kashoma kuwana mumba Z zvidzidzo (nokuti zvemagetsi), D (nokuti dzemagetsi Motors uye inductors), A (nokuti refu conductors). Ruzivo nemagetsi michina varumbidzwa chokubatanidza pamwe RCDs (residual mudziyo ano) kana kushandisa Emergency redunhu kutinhira. Kusiyanisa electromechanical uye zvemagetsi kuchengetedzwa. Second zvishoma yakavimbika uye nokukurumidza nokuparurwa pasi, Vachaoma makwara uye yomukati zvinhu pamwe yakawanda accelerations.

Kana kusarudza mhando muchina Zvinokurudzirwa kuti funga kuti magetsi chezita ukoshi nomukombiyuta wiring chikamu inofanira kupfuudza angangovarwisa kunonyanyisa zadzisa uye chinja. Kana muchina ane kumhanya mhinduro uye aikanganiswa, zvichataurirana kukoshesa. Zvisinei, kwete nyaya dzose, zvichava akavimbika, zvingava zvakaipa kufarira kwakawedzera mutoro.

Kuziva dambudziko rakadaro rinogona chete kuva rimwe nerimwe kana tikaongorora chimiro wechipfuwo mudziyo uye mamwe cheteyo mitoro dziri zvakarukwa panguva imwe chete.

Design zvinhu

mudariki mudziyo ndiko marudzi anotevera:

• Electronic musimboti.
• Electromechanical.
• Solenoid.

Housing kuwedzera kusarudza yakaderera mutengo mikana otomatiki kuurayiwa zviri remagetsi uchishandisa pfungwa. The chikuru kushanda chikamu chinhu bimetallic zviuno. Select chinja dzematongerwe maererano mutengo michina. For zvavo mabasa akakodzera kwakajairika michina, asi kana uchinwa akananga zvemagetsi, Zvinokurudzirwa kwete kuti tichengetedze unodzivirira michina.

Fuses anoshandiswa aripo zvirimwa zuva iri kunyanya kutsoropodza nodes yacho hushande. RCD advantageously anodzivirira muviri kubva magetsi kuvhunduka. Kubva zvinokosha zvemagetsi okugadzira Zvinonyatsozivikanwa kuti magetsi dzakatevedzana redunhu ndiyo chete. The kushanda nhungamiro mudziyo kunobva tikaenzanisa Pasika kuitika uye razero waya. Wakaratidza anonzi differential razvino zvauya panguva kuparadzwa murume.

Zvisinei, kuti RCD anogona kazhinji misfire apo guru inductance kana capacitance. On the muchina basa asingadi kukanganisa Pasika uye kusatsigira kubatana nzira iri unipolar shanduro. Akayera zadzisa, vanokwanisa musiyano hauna kufungwa nezvazvo.

Common zvikanganiso

Panopera basa takagamuchira pamuchina wokugamuchira zvemagetsi kugadzwa icho chinoitwa zvose mitemo. Asi muchina ichiri anogogodza pasina chikonzero kana kwete kushanda midziyo mumba. mugumisiro akadaro zvinokwanisika kana kuita zvimwe nguva yakakanganiswa.

Simple uye zvinetso - ndiko kushaya kubatana kuti muchina zviteshi. Izvi zvinogoneka chete zvakakwana waya kuputira kubviswa kana shaya dzakanga dielectric mugove. Bare mugumo vanofanira kuwedzera zvishoma kudarika miganhu muchina uye kuvadzivirira anofanira muviri dielectric zvaipfekwa pamusoro chinja.

Ngatitii bwendefa mufurati ndiyo asiri mwero kubatana zano, uye installation anogona kuisa mano pamusoro kwazvakarerekera pasi chevaimbi. Chisarudzo ichi mhosva kunoitika chete beginners, asi izvozvo zvingaita kuti kukundikana anodhura mano: TV, kombiyuta, mundiro kana mumwe mhando michina.

Shoe kurukutika anogona kuitika kana mukuru-simba mano pomumbure apo chinoumba waya pamusoro muchina havasi rwakatambanudzwa uye ane murombo kuonana. Kubva mukuru mutoro atanga dzomoto, somugumisiro mudziyo panguva iyi pakutsamwisana asi regai kugogodza. Refu kuvhiyiwa iyi nzira kunoguma ndechokuti mapurasitiki anotanga vazvinyause, hazvizoitiki kusvikira mumoto kana dunhu pfupi pamusoro makateyiwa redzimba.

Pane chimwe chikanganiso kana Wire vanosanganisira siyanei. Muchiitiko chino, zvingava kufukurwa, nekuti izvo uchapinda chinopa. Pakupedzisira chichapera mugumisiro inorondedzerwa pamusoro. , Unoda asiri combustible nhoo kugoverwa kudzivisa moto. Electrical kugadzwa yakakanganiswa apo unobatanidza dzakasiyana simba manyuko rimwe muchina. The kumusoro kusiyana akasimba uye dukusa mudziyo, kashoma hwakavimbika kuonana inotengwa mu sechipanji.

Kurumbidza kuurayiwa mabasa

Vakasununguka naro zvinoitwa nokuumbwa waya muchimiro mu-ruoko achitandadza papi. Saka nyore basa varambe muitisi panguva kubudiswa pedyo chirwere. kuva nechokwadi kuti kudzima huru chinja usati kubatana, kana zvichibvira.

Kubatanidza muchina, unogona kushandisa yako jumper chimwe chikamu. Zvisinei, chinetso vanowanzochema bhazi pamwe pomureza fasteners. Kana tightening waya zvakasimba mibvunzo regai simuka, asi zvinetso zvinokwanisika vachishandisa vakawanda conductors.

Zvaida kugumiswa akararama pamberi tightening kupinda chirwere. Kuti aite izvi, shandisa chaiyo crimping chokushandisa, izvo zvinogona kutengwa magetsi muzvitoro. On shaya dzayo akanzi mureza chikamu kusarudza akakodzera chikamu, kuzadzisa yakanakisisa kuonana pashure crimping nzira. A dhayamita duku kwaizoguma rushoma Kuparara waya, uye mukuru hauchazopi zvinodiwa mugumisiro.

Crimping anogona kushandisa anokosha mokugezera nokuda chaiyo dhayamita pamusoro waya. Pane nzira yechipiri - pokunamatidza. Inonyanya yakasimba, asi zvishoma hwakavimbika uye rinoshandiswa yakaderera-simba matunhu. The mhesano dzamutswa. Pakutanga, zviteshi vari akasungirirwa kuti vaifanira, asi pashure penguva vachanzi kuneteswa nokuda ndechokuti solder vachatanga "ichiyangarara". Murombo kuonana zvingangoisa mungozi ngozi moto.

Chii kwete kuita?

Kazhinji zvivako ekare aishandisa aruminiyamu waya, uye itsva wiring chati vane kondakita mhangura. Mano Electricians anogona batanidza zviviri simbi iri monyorora kuti pakupedzisira kuchaguma yokutsiva iri wiring. Izvi imhaka makemikari maitiro pakati maviri akasiyana zvinhu: aruminiyamu uye mhangura.

Kunoitika oxidation rikurumidze, kumhanya iyo inoenderana mutoro mudunhu. Kana, zvisinei, maererano ichi pane kudiwa, ipapo installation anogona kuitwa kuburikidza insulated zviteshi. Zvisinei, pashure penguva yakareba yokuvapo nguva, nekiyi vane kuomerera, vachava kuneteswa. Nokuvhiringidza haina varumbidzwa dzokushandisa remadziro. Uye mumwe muchina nani kusaina makore mashoma, unogona kukanganwa nezvekwaaienda mudziyo.

Kuderedza mutoro pamusoro muchina anogona kuva kuburikidza nokushandisa vakarongeka midziyo uye chiedza Mabumba. Wakadaro nzira haana kufunga nezvomukana kubvunda kuputira. Vacharamba chete pamusoro pangozi redunhu pfupi.

Kana kukundikana

Kana mumuchina agogodza panze, hazvina varumbidzwa kutsausa naro pakarepo. Unofanira kutanga kuongorora zvichibvira kukonzera dambudziko: ichangobva akaturika pasherefu, akatenga mudziyo mutsva kana kusavapo yapfuura zviitiko. Overloading kungava nokuda unopfuta chikamu waya iri monolithic hurongwa. Kuti tiwane dambudziko ikaona pane zviridzwa riwanikwe unyanzvi-Electricians. Izvi ichokwadi, kana kuvhura rusvingo mari yakakwirira zvikuru kupfuura mari mabasa pamusoro Diagnostics ose yemagetsi musha.

Kana Weiß muchina, Zvinokurudzirwa kushandisa imwe ohmmeter kuti dziongorore kuti hapana remudunhu pfupi pasi kana pakati conductors: danho uye kwavakarerekera. Izvi zvisati zvaitika, patsanura midziyo yemagetsi zvose. Inclusion chuma kubereka mumwe mudziyo, sezvamakaropafadzwa kuyera kuitika kuburikidza waya pachishandiswa magetsi mites.

Zvakawandisa mutoro muchina sangano kunoda munhu wokutsiva yacho chinja, kana kushandura nzvimbo nezvezvakanga kwayo. Kana chirwere zvinobvira kutarisa waya maoko pasina kuyera mudziyo wakabata kuputira panguva kushanda vatengi. Kana vamutswa moyo zvinonzi overvalued kuitika mudunhu.