Horace - Biography. Kvint Goratsiy Flakk - nyanduri Roman

Horace - guru nyanduri rechipiri veRoma Virgil, uyo akazviitawo basa pakusika muenzaniso mabhuku. Aidavira kuti nhetembo ndiye "mutauro jimunasitikisi." Horace haana kufanana mashoko orwiyo Catullus, uye vakaedza kunyora mabasa yaizova yakafanana, uye zvikuru munyaya dzetsika nhetembo pakati Virgil.

The Reader kufarira kwete bedzi mabasa nyanduri huru Roman, asi zvaro dzakaitika panguva, Biography. Goratsiy Kvint vakabatsirawo zvikuru kuti mabhuku nyika, asi zvinobva mhuri iri nyore. In nhetembo dzake akagadzira uchenjeri hwake pachake uye akapa anoverengeka vanorumbidza tsika uye zvetsika zvine urongwa, yakavakirwa iyo muuzivi yendarama zvinorevei nhema.

Horace: upenyu uye basa

Nyanduri huru Roman, akaberekwa muna 65 BC. e. muna Venusia. basa rake weveta gumi rokutonga rokutanga pakati Octavian Augustus, uyo akatora nzvimbo Kesari. Akaberekwa mumhuri reVakasununguka, vaitarisira paumbwe mwanakomana wake afa akamusiya chiduku wemunda.

upenyu mudetembi yakarondedzerwa zvakananga basa Maecenas. Kana kuRoma, akaurayiwa Caesar, Kvint Goratsiy Flakk akabatana vatsigiri Brutus. Kuti anorichengeta zvakamubatsira kuzviita muupenyu: munda chaauya uye chakaunzwa mudenderedzwa Augustus.

Horace akafa pakarepo chirwere mu rechi8 remakore BC. e. Akavigwa pedyo naye tsika Maecenas pamusoro kumucheto Aventine.

unyanzvi Features

Kvint Goratsiy Flakk aiva nyanduri ichiita mabasa akawanda akasika nhetembo ivhu dzakasiyana lyrical Genres - odes uye nziyo. Vose mabasa chimiro uye kumunetsawo zvakakwana mhemberero. Zvisinei, odes ake, rakabudiswa muna mabhuku mana, hadzina kuitirwa kurumbidza mumwe munhu kuita uye kuratidza uchenjeri nyanduri uye uzivi hwake. Horace anovapa mazano, kureva ani chose odes.

All mabasa nyanduri guru Roman inogona rakakamurwa zvinogara akawanda nokuda Genre:

1. epodov (dvuhstishiya-nhetembo iambe hunhu).

2. Satire (chigadzirwa dzokuteerera hunhu). Yakanyorwa hexameters.

3. ode (lyrical nhetembo vakazvitsaurira kuna chiitiko).

Horace, ane Biography zvinosanganisira nguva matatu basa, hwose vakanamatira muuzivi yendarama Zvichakadaro, yakavakirwa uchenjeri, kungwara, runako, runako uye kuwirirana.

mashoko Genre

Kvint Goratsiy Flakk, uyo nhetembo vakawanda vakazvipira vanhu, zvikuru kubudirira mune ichi mabhuku Genre. Iye zvakanyorwa 23 tsamba, wokupedzisira iyo - "To Python" - akanga basa rokudhinda mabhuku kutsoropodzwa rechipiri shure "nhetembo sayenzi" naAristotle, izvo zvinopupurira kukosha yaro akapoteredza mabhuku nyika. Kukosha aesthetics pamusoro Horace - njere, maererano zvisikwa, kuti manyorerwo uye kusarudza mashoko vakasimudza nechokwadi nomusoro. nhetembo yake rakaoma kunzwisisa. Iogann Volfgang Gete kamwe akanyora kuti mifananidzo iri mharidzo dzakafanana "zvakavamba kuchinja". The Zvinoumba lyric nhetembo rakaoma chokuti Horace aigona nounyanzvi kufamba kubva mumwe mufananidzo mumwe, vachishandisa mashoko ari enhetembo dzakasiyana mamita. nhetembo ake akazara akasiyana-siyana mazita zvakakodzera, mazita nenzvimbo, uye anoteerera zvizere.

Category mapoka odes pamusoro Horace

Detembo-kufungisisa vari ndiye uchenjeri. Kvint Goratsiy Flakk, ane basa dzinowanzotsigi- anomiririrwa mana odes mabhuku, anonyora iyi Category boka riri Kupfupika upenyu nokumhanya kunoita kuitika nguva. Nokuti iye, kutsvaka anokudza nefuma maturo. The odes rudo dingindira ichirira, mutambo, asi kusiyana Catullus nhetembo, mufaro uye anonyaradza matauriro. Unogona kuverenga mazita 7 hadzi, izvo Horace akanyora nhetembo-kufungisisa. Mune rimwe odes ake (№30 «To Melpomene") izvozvo zvinomutsa dambudziko yokusafa Nyanduri uye chikamu tsika kudanana kudzokera muEgipita nhetembo kuti kusafa kwevanhu kunokwanisika somugumisiro basa rake, pakusika mabhuku mabasa. kusaverengeka ake Horace anoona mundima.

Analysis ode № 30

basa iri vakagamuchira bumbiro zita "Monument". Nhetembo zvichishandiswa aifarira Classics mabhuku Russian, kuti pfungwa yokusafa nyanduri akakwereta Gavrila Derzhavin ( "Ndava shongwe. anoshamisa, nokusingaperi"), Alexander Pushkin ( "Ini ndiri shongwe chakavakwa pasina maoko"), Valery Bryusov ( "My Shongwe rinomirira pakati stanzas nzvanyira kunzwisisa "). Okupedzisira maviri somunhu epigraph chikwereti ndima muchiLatin, akanga akataurwa kamwe Horace. Biography Nyanduri, sezvo tichiziva, aiva kure enviable: mwana haana kuziva dzomutengo pachavo kuedza kugara vanhu pfungwa kwemazana emakore.

Ode №30 anonzi "To Melpomene" uye inoguma bhuku chetatu odes; Melpomene ari mungano ndiyo neMuse njodzi. In chigadzirwa Horace anotaura pamusoro pamabasa ake uye pakupera mukukwezva korona pachako ine welaurel chishongo. Pari, shanduro akabudirira zvikuru odes №30 vaiona Lomonosov nhetembo uye Vostokova.

satires pamusoro Horace

Peru, mudetembi mukuru weRoma nhengo dzakawanda muunganidzwa satires. Kubva ichi zvakakodzera tagutsikana kuti akanga yakakurumbira ari mwene odes kwete chete. Satire Horace akafanana nharo ouzivi nezvezvinoreva upenyu mavari anoratidza muuzivi yendarama maturo. The chikuru chinhu chinosekwa vari munzira dzenhema mufaro, kutsvaka zvekufungidzira zvinhu. Kvint Goratsiy Flakk, vane nhetembo dziri satirical hunhu anokuseka Zvidhakwa uye zvidhakwa. Mumwe wake upenyu dzokurumbidza inoti kuti hazvina zvakakodzera kuva muranda waini uye kuti vapedze kusuwa kushungurudzwa drink ichi. Pasinei nokuti chinhu chinosekwa ari satires vari munhu kuchiva uye uipi, umo anonyora pamusoro pachake: satire nhamba 6 Somuenzaniso, anoudza nyaya hwake. Horace, ane pasi mavambo, mupenyu, gutsikanai diki uye haazivi muumbozha.

Tenzi enhetembo encombrements

Horace dzimwe nguva haringandivanzi mu nhetembo dzake uye kwayakatangira haanyari kuva mwanakomana kunopfavisa muranda kuda. By Zvinofungidzirwa mabhuku mutsoropodzi Mikhail Gasparov nyanduri kushandiswa nhetembo yake 12 marudzi ndima Greek yekare, shasha kwake ruzivo kwounyanzvi uye nhaka enhetembo unyanzvi. Mubhuku rokutanga odes ake, akapa "achimisa" pane miganhu izvi akapa sapphic, alkeevu nezvimwe stanzas. Kunze odes pamusoro Horace, makore oupenyu kuti zvave zvibereko chaizvo, kushanda epodov zviri zvikuru zvakafanana fomu kuti pripevki. Vanoratidza enyika kugutsikana uye, mune iambs, vaimuseka zvinokanganiswa vanhu uye vanhu (zviri pachena muenzaniso - "To reRoma vanhu").

mazano Horace kuti tsanangudzo

"Ivai kufara nezvauinazvo muruoko." naizvozvo akaronga chokwadi kungoti chinokosha, iyo inoti kuti zvinokosha kurarama uye kunakidzwa nhasi uye kwete mhosva musiki nokuti chokwadi kuti havasi vanhu vose vazive uye akapfuma. Zvikomborero zvose zvinofanira kuwanikwa nenzira yokutendeseka uye mugutsikane zvishoma.

"Anoshandisa mari ikoko kana iwe kopish navo, asi regai kupedza." How zviitiko zvakawanda vanoziva nyaya, kana munhu zvose hwake vakatsvaka kuti guta, vachiramba pachavo zvinhu zvizhinji, asi kuwana nayo vakafa. Horace anoti uzivi zvakaipa; unofanira kupedza mari vakarumbidzwa zvakaenzana uye kurarama zvakazara, pasina chinhu kurambidzwa.

"Mabote upenyu Inowedzera waini, asi ziva nechiyero." Hedonism ari kuitika aesthetics inosimudzira pfungwa mufaro sezvo mukuru chinangwa choupenyu hwevanhu. Horace akagoverana maonero ichi hafu: waini yokunwa anogona zvirokwazvo kudzima kusuwa, asi regai vavashungurudze.

"Tevera murudo, asi kwete kutambura norudo." Horace, ane Biography rakazara mazita vakadzi nomwe, akauya chokwadi, izvo munhu anogona kurarama zvinoenderana nomwoyo wenyu. Iye hazvitadzise rudo, asi inoshora nekuchiva uye kutambura.

History mabhuku weRoma mazita

Yakakurumbira Vanoita mitambo yokusetsa Roman vaiona Maktsy Titus Plautus. Akanyora anenge mashanu comedies, asi isu akauya chete 19. In zvachose, izvozvo muridzi vanopfuura 20,000 zvikonzero ndima.

Lucretius uye Catullus ndivo chakajeka vamiririri yeRoma mabhuku zvokuvhoterwa nguva. Chokutanga munyori "On Akamboita Zvinhu", apo yechipiri yakanga yakakurumbira rudo rwake nhetembo.

VaPubhirio Vergilius Maro mune dzakawanda mabhuku Genres. Nomudetembi wechiRoma ndiye muvambi "Aeneid" umhare nhetembo

VaPubhirio Ovid Naso achinzi mudiki akararama Horace. Ndiye munyori nhetembo "Science Worudo" akanyorwa ane chibhende tsinga, uyewo muunganidzwa wenziyo "Amores".

Phaedrus ndiye mudetembi kunoshamisa uye fabulist, ndiani akatanga kunyora ngano mundima. Akava nomukurumbira nokuda kwemabasa ake uye shanduro Aesop.

Pakutanga, shoko rokuti "prose" raishandiswa nevaRoma unoratidza neritmizovannoy kutaura. The chigadzirwa yokutanga muchimiro nestihotvornoy akazviratidza zvikuru gare gare. Anozivikanwa novelist vaifungidzira Apuleius - munyori uchinzvera yokufungidzira "The Golden Ass", vakatevera kukosha ndechokuti Petronius Arbiter, uyo akanyora "Satyricon".