Health inishuwarenzi muRussia uye mamiriro ayo. Kukura inishuwarenzi utano muRussia

Health inishuwarenzi - mufananidzo kudzivirirwa vakawanda, ndiko kuti hunovimbisa kwokuripirwa rubatsiro yezvokurapa tichiregeredza yacho akaunganidza mari. It anovimbisa mugari urongwa mabasa uye vakasununguka nyaya zvoutano. Next, ngatimbotaura kuti ndezvipi utano inishuwarenzi muRussia. mamiriro ayo vachaedza kuona zvakawanda zvakadzama sezvinobvira.

pfungwa

Rokumanikidzirwa utano inishuwarenzi (MHI) iri rakatangwa maererano purogiramu mamiriro. Zviri nokudenga kuti vagari. Rokuzvipira zvokurapa inishuwarenzi mu Russia zvinoita kuti tikwanise kuwana mamwe mabasa asina kufukidzwa MLA. Izvi zvingava imwe nhamba kushanyira vanachiremba, chipatara kutarisirwa, uye vamwe. By pokuita yokuzvidira purogiramu munhu anosarudza mhando uye bhuku mabasa, kupfungwa iro anoda kuzoshumirwa. Pamugumo kondirakiti mutengi mubayiro muripo, izvo zvinoita kuti mukati imwe nguva yokugamuchira basa pasi pechirongwa akasarudzwa pasina okuwedzera mutengo. Ngatimboongororai mamwe mazwi.

Insured - munhu anobhadhara mipiro. Zvinogona munhu kana sangano.

The insurer - kusangano repamutemo anoita inishuwarenzi zvokurapa.

Kuchirapa uye prophylactic masangano (MPI) - masangano anopa zvakawanda zvoutano mabasa vanhu vane zvirwere zvakasiyana-siyana. Idzi dzinosanganisira: kuchirapa, zvomusejari, vairwara, chetsinga, chiremba zvokurapa masangano, maternity zvipatara uye vapore nzvimbo.

Policy - gwaro achisimbisa munhu mubasa chirongwa.

sangano Health inishuwarenzi (CMO) - iri repamutemo ane vakanyorwa guru iri mubasa utano inishuwarenzi evasingatombonamati yokuzvidira kana zvairayirwa. Activities kunze nenzira mbiri:

• kuunganidza mari urongwa kubatsira yevagari;
• ongororo mushure mokugamuchira mabasa.

Kukura inishuwarenzi utano muRussia

Stage 1 (1861-1903 biennium).

chiito rakazoshandiswa, kudzidzisa OMC yemibvunzo kuRussia. Kana mamiriro-vaiva mafekitari akanga akamiswa kudyidzana uye chikamu mahofisi, kuburikidza zvakabuda sehofisi urema kubatsira nhengo voruzhinji, anotora deposits. Muna 1866, kwaiva zvipatara neumwe dzinoverengeka pamibhedha panguva mafekitari. Kazhinji, vashandi vezvokurapa dzivabatsire vaisada.

Danho 2 (1903-1912 biennium).

Health inishuwarenzi muRussia akapona yokutanga yakaoma Danho muna 1903, apo murayiro zvakapfuudzwa, maererano izvo mushandirwi akakonzera zvakakanganiswa utano vashandi kana tsaona.

Stage 3 (June 1912 - July 1917).

Muna 1912, mutemo wakadzikwa OMC kana tsaona uye chirwere. On mundima Russian Federation pane kuzvirwere mari. Vashandi tichiregeredza Entrepreneurs kubatsira muzvinhu zvina: yepakutanga, uye outpatient chipatara hanya; yokusununguka.

Stage 4 (July 1917 - October 1917).

utano inishuwarenzi rokumanikidzirwa mu Russia yakashandurwa zvikuru dikidiki Government:

• paiva zvinodiwa kuti mari inishuwarenzi utano;
• vakawedzera uwandu insured;
• Makambani inishuwarenzi utano akabatanidza pasina mvumo vazvo.

Stage 5 (October 1917 - November 1921).

Declaration akanga arayira uzere munzanga utano inishuwarenzi kuRussia, iyo inoshanda zvose mubayiro-workers, zvisinei yokuremara zvikonzero. Akabatanidza narkomzdravovskoy uye inishuwarenzi utano. Medicine hwakatamisirwa Office of People wacho Commissariat Eutano. Ubvise mari mazita mushonga.

Stage 6 (November 1921 - 1929).

New Economic Policy akanga anotanga inishuwarenzi evanhu pakuparwa disablement. Mupiro rate akanga dzaona maererano nokuwanda vanhu vanoshanda mune zvebhizimisi. Nokuti kutapurirana mari, mari mbiri akarongwa. Mumwe akanga ari kurasa mitumbi evanhu inishuwarenzi, wechipiri - utano.

Stage 7 (1929 - chipo)

Mumakore akatevera 60 makore vakaumba misimboti mari hurongwa. Ndiwo sei kukura utano inishuwarenzi muRussia.

The ano hurongwa

Health inishuwarenzi muRussia panguva iripo zvitatu siyana. The State zvizere nemari kubva bhajeti. Inishuwarenzi chakaumbwa kuunganidza zvipo kubva emakambani kwose muridzi uye SP zvipo. Chitsama mari kuti tinogamuchirwa toga mushonga, dzaona nokuda murwere.

chirongwa Hurumende haripi yepamusoro okurapwa nokuda kwokushayiwa mari. Private mushonga - ane mufaro zvinodhura. Naizvozvo medstrahovanie vaiona kupfuura optimum imwe rubatsiro. Zvakanakisa, vanhu vose vanofanira kugamuchira yepamusoro mabasa. Zvechokwadi, kakawanda vachibhadhara haisi kukodzera kurapwa pachena utano zviremera. Ndicho kuunganidza musimboti. Uye kubva mupiro mwero kuti Russian Health Insurance Fund kuti zvizvarwa zvose zvinoiswa chete, bhuku vachibhadhara zvinofanira kuenzana.

Chi

Rokumanikidzirwa utano inishuwarenzi mu Russia chikamu hurumende evanhu zvirongwa. In yechinangwa vagari vose mukana wakaenzana kugamuchira zvinodhaka uye rubatsiro vezvokurapa vari pre-yakanatsa yakawanda uye zvinhu.

MuRussia, pane zvinokosha uye miganhu zvirongwa. Ivo kutsanangura kworudzii rubatsiro uye paruzhinji masangano vagari vaigara mune dzimwe nharaunda. First yakatanga neShumiro Health, aifarirwa dzimwe mitumbi nehurumende kutarisira.

Zano basa

Makambani zvinyore uri pamwedzi hwaro 3,6% of FOP iri MLA. Izvi, 3.4% rwakabhadharwa kuna miganhu uye 0.2% - muna Federal Chi Fund. Nokuti asiri nokushanda vemo zvipo inobhadharwa neHurumende. Mari Vose vane zvakaparadzana masangano kuti kuunganidza mari, nechokwadi kutsiga maitiro uye swatanudza mari. The vaunganidza mari anoenda kuripira yakatarwa Vhoriyamu nokurapwa.

Inishuwarenzi makambani vanogumisa pamwe LPU rubatsiro zvibvumirano OMS inishuwarenzi varidzi, kudzivirira zvido vatengi, kudzora nguva, kukura uye unhu mabasa inopiwa. Vadzidzi vanogona kuva vagari vose Russian uye vasiri nevagari. Zvisinei, sezvo vasingatenderwi yokupedzisira, mazita dzinopa rubatsiro kwavari ipfupi.

Miganhu chi chirongwa

Gwaro iri inorondedzera zvezvinotaurwa wokupa vagari vane rusununguko kurapwa. Zvinosanganisira:

• chimbichimbi;
• outpatient, polyclinic;
• inpatient kutarisirwa pa chenjera chirwere uye exacerbation echirwere zvirwere, kukuvara, pathologies pamuviri, pamuviri; vakaronga muchipatara kuti anorapwa.

Kakawanda:

• Mabatirwo HIV, tiibhii nezvimwe zvirwere chinokosha munzanga;
• chimbichimbi kurapwa;
• zvaunoda mushonga zvitengeswa ;
• anodhura siyana rubatsiro kubva Kuvhiya mwoyo uye kupedza mishonga uye neonatal nokumutswa.

akabhadhara mabasa

The Hurongwa inishuwarenzi utano muna Russia inovakwa nenzira kuti kunyange pasi pehurumende chirongwa mamwe mabasa munhu achava kubhadhara pakarepo. mabasa aya anosanganisira:

• Ongororo pamusoro chirongwa vemunyika.
• Anonymous chirwere uye matanho.
• Dzokuvhiyiwa kuitwa pamba.
• Vaccinate nokuti vagari vanoda.
• Spa kurapwa.
• Zvizorwa mabasa.
• Dentures.
• Unyanzvi Kurovedza roukoti.
• Mamwe mabasa.

MHI urongwa

Gwaro rino anogona kushandisa zvose zvenyika Russian, kusanganisira vasiri vagari vari kwenguva pfupi kugara munharaunda yacho. The rokuti mutemo rinobatana nenguva vari munyika. Vagari wokuRussia nomutemo iri rakapa kamwe hwose.

Registration gwaro vanofanira kubata pamwe mushandirwi kana SMO. Panyaya iyi, iyo insured munhu ane kodzero yokusarudza kambani pacharo, iro zvichabviswa kushumirwa. Vagari Broken kugamuchira mutemo panguva nehoro kushumira nzvimbo yavo.

changed date

Zvikurukuru utano inishuwarenzi mu Russia zvokuti shure shanduko pokugara kana pasipoti Data yekare mutemo agoiswa UK, uye pashure kunyoresa munzvimbo itsva kuti itsva. Kana kushandura nzvimbo basa gwaro rinofanira vakadzokera mushandirwi. The entrepreneur vanosungirwa mukati memazuva 10 kuzivisa SC.

Kana nokurasikirwa mutemo zvakafanira kuzivisa insurer nokukurumidza. Vashandi wekambani achabvisa gwaro Data kubva MLA Database uye kutanga muitiro pakati vanyorwa mutemo mutsva. Panguva iyoyowo achapiwa mhosva pamwero wenyika 0.1 nguva shoma mubayiro nokuda issuance ari fomu.

Rokuzvipira zvokurapa inishuwarenzi mu Russia (LCA)

basa Izvi zvinobvumira vagari kugamuchira mamwe mabasa pamusoro uye pamusoro MLA. Nyaya chirongwa aigona kuva:

• vanhu;
• masangano anomiririra zvido vemo, kana mishonga masangano;
• vachida.

Munhu anogona kuwana dzinodhura, kunzwisisa (mu munda dentistry, epurasitiki kuvhiyiwa, ophthalmology, uye zvichingodaro. N.) Of yepamusoro mabasa, kupfuura dzimwe bvunzo uye zvichingodaro. D. Health inishuwarenzi mu Russia sorutivi chepurogiramu hunodzorwa kondirakiti. Maererano gwaro rino, kambani iri kubhadhariswa mari mabasa inopiwa kune vagari, izvo zvinosanganisirwa kuMudzidzisi pamazita, mupe mumwe insured mune imwe nguva yebasa mutemo ine chirongwa uye mazita nemasangano kuburikidza iyo rubatsiro zvicharangarirwa.

The chibvumirano akatiwo kuti insured munhu anosungirwa kubhadhara mari pane imwe nguva, nesipereti kubva chibvumirano gwaro, mamiriro ezvinhu ayo prolongation, mitemo kuti muripo uye kusvetukira kodzero kuripwa pashure pokufa insured.

Maererano kuchangobva data, muna 2015 62% kuti vashandirwi Russian hazvitsivi mabasa LCA kuti vashandi vayo. Makambani Vazhinji vakaramba kubatanidzwa mupurogiramu nokuda akaoma hupfumi ezvinhu. Vashandirwi 'mari, izvo vakagumisa chibvumirano kuna 08.01.2014 kwemwedzi 12, kumbochinja. Pane 14 chete% of 1,000 makambani dzakaongororwa. Asi pane kusaina. 2% of dzakaongororwa vashandirwi kwakaderedza mari yacho VHI, optimizing netsvimbo saizi. Vashoma vakakwanisa kutaurirana chibvumirano nani.. Chimwe Entrepreneurs kwakaderedza chitsama mari vachibvisa mazino inishuwarenzi yacho. Chimwe 5% of vakabvunzwa mari makambani yakawedzera 5% nokuda wakawedzera achikanganisa utano.

Health Insurance Problems muRussia

Panguva iyi okukura, pane zvinetso zviri kushanda hurongwa:

1. Budget mavanga. The zvazvingava kwazvino 3,6% haripi mashoko okurapwa nhau kunyange kushanda vagari. Most vachida vakwegura, vakaremara nevana kutarisirwa. Mari nokuti vanhu vasingashandi kubva nehurumende bhajeti. Zvinoguma zvinoderedza mari, umo vakawanda kwakakanganisa amburenzi.
2. Mari yacho nonworking yevanhu kunoitika tichiregeredza tibhii, chepfungwa uye kushandisa zvinodhaka mabasa. Pane ngozi chaiyo musiyano pakati kurapwa uye kudzivirira.
3. No chete kuchengeteka womuenzaniso.
4. Kushaya mashoko akavimbika pamusoro kwemari uye zvekushandisa kuti inishuwarenzi utano muRussia.
5. Hupo chikwereti.

Ava matambudziko akakomba inishuwarenzi utano zviripo Russia panguva.

mhedziso

Mumwe siyana evanhu kuchengetedzwa kwevanhu - inishuwarenzi utano. MuRussia, mamiriro ayo vavete chokwadi kuti mabasa anopiwa zvitatu mirayiridzo. OMC inotsigirwa nehurumende, asi ari kuumbwa chirongwa ichi, munhu anogamuchira, kwete marudzi ose mabasa. mushonga Private haisi kuwanikwa wose. Naizvozvo, vokuRussia taura Serviced pasi purogiramu inishuwarenzi yokuzvidira. Bhadharai chimwezve muripo, munhu anogona kusarudza ake nhume kambani inishuwarenzi, bhuku mabasa avo mifananidzo, uye nemasangano apo achagamuchira kurapwa.