Harmonic oscillator: mhando uye tizvishandise

Muzvigadzirwa mberi rinoitwa kuburikidza nokudzidza zvinooneka mananara, zvakawanikwa munyika quantum munda uye mamwewo. Panguva iyoyowo kuumba itsva mano uye nenhumbi, kuburikidza icho zvinokwanisika kuita zvidzidzo zvakasiyana-siyana uye kutsanangura mananara ose microworld. Mumwe mashandiro yakadaro harmonic oscillator, musimboti chiito anozivikanwa kubva vamiririri mararamiro ekare.

Kweguyo mhando yayo

Harmonic Oscillator - zvokuimba hurongwa kuti riri kufamba, izvo kunorondedzerwa ane mukana wokuti vanhu vanga ari Linear differential coefficients tichigara ukoshi. Nyore mienzaniso yakadaro mano - mutoro pamusoro muchirimo, zvakavamba kuchinja Acoustic hurongwa, rakaramba riri samolecular kwemarudzi uye nevamwe.

Conditionally anogona kusiyanisa marudzi anotevera mano:

• A nyore harmonic oscillator - pano mamiriro ezvinhu kana kubviswa vamwe nzvimbo pasi zvinoitwa mauto F, izvo zvinogona kuratidzwa pachishandiswa nzira F = -kx, apo k - yechirimo kuramba wegadziriro, X - zvaizopedza. Pakazoti F ndiye chete zvinoriumba kunokanganisa oscillations.
• Linear harmonic oscillator - pano rakaramba riri ndege pamwe yakarurama. Uyewo, ino inonzi imwe-dimensional oscillations kuitika pasi zvinoitwa quasi-kwakavharwa nenyama hunhu.
• Kuora muenzaniso - pano hurongwa zvakare zvakunoita mvongamupopoto simba, iyo kunangana sangano uye chiito zvakaenzanirana kumhanya ari vibrations. In ichi damping muitiro ari yemanyorero dzinoratidzwa parameter asina divi uye akashevedza Q chikonzero. ukoshi iyi ndiyo pfuma wegadziriro kuti anosarudza nhamba inochengeterwa simba kukurasikirwa kwayo chete oscillation nguva.

Kushandiswa mudziyo

Kombiyuta rinoshandiswa muminda siyana zvikurukuru kudzidza hunhu oscillatory enyika. The quantum harmonic oscillator wakashandiswa kudzidza kwemaitiro photons zvinhu. Zvakabuda kuedza zvinogona kushandiswa muminda siyana. Saka, kuti yefizikisi kubva American Institute akawana kuti beryllium maatomu rakamiswa nechokure nokururamisira guru kubva mumwe, ingashanda pamusoro quantum pamwero. Maitiro nezvimedu izvi zvakafanana miviri (simbi balls) ari makro, kutamira ari mberi-returnable netsika zvineringanidzo harmonic oscillator. Beryllium ions, kunyange zvazvo guru akareba, yakadereresa simba Exchange zviumbu (quanta). Izvi zvakawanikwa kunoita kusimudzira IT-ruzivo, uye inopa mhinduro itsva iri kugadzirwa midziyo kombiyuta uye Electronics.

The harmonic oscillator inoshandiswa kuongorora pakunyora nziyo. Nzira iyi inodaidzwa zvidzidzo spectroscopic. It Vakawana kuti mudanga kupfuura ezvinhu ari Zvinoumba vaimbi mana (q). Uye mabasa panguva ndivo vainyanya anharmonicity.