Turing muchina: panguva kwakatangira kombiyuta sayenzi cryptography

Turing muchina rava mukuru kuvamba, Nokufarisisa yaitonga mashoko michina, uye akatangira mavakirwo ano makombiyuta. Inozvikudza British yemasvomhu Alan Turing uye analytics mumakore asingasviki makumi maviri nezvina vakakwanisa kuvaka pfungwa husingaoneki mashandiro yokutaura chimwe chinokosha zvinetso masvomhu, izvo zvaitwa nemutoo akakurumbira German Purofesa David Hilbert panguva International Mathematics Congress wakaitwa muna 1900 kuParis.

Turing muchina haana chete kuva pachena norudaviro chairo kadambari basa, asiwo aiva yokungotaura hwaro algorithms uye sayenzi Software chawo. Mukuwedzera, nheyo kugadzirisa kunzwisisa matambudziko kwemasvomhu kuburikidza mazano siyana tiivistelmä zvigadziriswe uye kuvakwa algorithms vakaurayiwa zvemagetsi, akaumba hwaro kuberekwa itsva zvoupenyu rezvedzidzo basa - ruzivo michina.

Turing muchina inopiwa ane bhandi kusingaperi, rakakamurwa masero, chimwe nechimwe chine chiratidzo wakaiswa finite yakatarwa. The muunganidzwa zviratidzo zvose inonzi arufabheti yacho muchina. Mumwe zviratidzo zviri nearufabheti mhando iyi anomira panze uye anonzi "pakakoromoka". Turing muchina anochinja zviri masero ane kuverenga chaiyo uye kunyora musoro uchifamba munzira tepi. Kugamuchira mashoko kubva musoro zviri musero rimwe nerimwe, kuti mudziyo pacharo anosarudza, zvichienderana ayo womukati mamiriro, tsika zvakanyorwa muchitokisi uye apo kufamba musoro avhiyiwa ichi. Makavigwa womukati mamiriro (ndangariro) ari muchina, dzinoratidzwa vamwe kukosha kubva razero vamwe kunonyanyisa kukosha, uyewo kaviri kuchinja.

A Turing muchina hwakarongwa zvikuru nyore, asi anobvumira kuti vaite chero Chirongwa, yakavakwa pamusoro algorithm yakajeka. Nokuti kuurayiwa-siyana computational akavhiyiwa pane chinokosha tafura, iyo yakanyorwa vamwe mitemo, izvo kuva nezvinhu zvose zvakasikwa mirayiridzo muchina. Zvichitevera tafura iyi, iyo ndee nzira chimwe mubatanidzwa siyana inoti uye nezviratidzo, asi midziyo anosarudza kuti chii computational kuvhiyiwa kuti akaita mumamiriro ezvinhu. Kutaura zvazviri, yezvisikwa Turing muchina ndiyo kumumvuri makombiyuta ano rokutanga.

Tsanzira michina pamusoro Alan Turing rave kushandiswa zvinobudirira nokuda British cryptanalytic Bureau muHondo Yenyika II kuputsa German Codes muchivande. Kazhinji decoding muchivande mashoko Ngarava dzepasi pemvura Doenitz magora akarara Churchill patafura yomudzidzisi pamberi vanowira Reich Chancellery. Kusiyana cryptographers German, kuita evasingatombonamati nzwisisa yokutaura uye kunzwisisa cryptography sezvo unyanzvi, nzira yokutora vana Alan Turing yaisanganisira algorithmic kugadzirisa mukuru nematambudziko achiongorora zvaive pakavanda Codes, waiva husina tibudirire.

Non-deterministic Turing muchina zvaiita kuti Hack kuti ciphers muvengi kwete chete kwakajeka cryptographers, asiwo vanhuwo vashandi Office, zvichiita nzwisisa zviito vakaronga sangano chinangwa kuti chinangwa. Vakawana ne Turing muchina Data kune pamwero mukuru sei mugumisiro Hondo Britain.