Hama Dzedu Dziri. Large Coral the reef. The pemvura Nyika nekorari kumboongororwa

Mumakungwa uye makungwa inhaka yevanhu, yavanogara kwete chete ruzhinji zvose anozivikanwa (uye vasingazivikanwi) kuti sayenzi marudzi zvipenyu. Mukuwedzera, chete kwakakwidibira mukudzika kwegungwa mvura dzimwe nguva unogona kuona mufananidzo wakadaro, kunaka iro dzimwe nguva anogona kungoita richandifukidza kunyange hanya munhu. Tarisa nekorari the reef, uye uchaona kuti hunhu ndiyo nguva zhinji kupfuura zvisikwa upi matarenda Artist.

Chii?

Coral kumboongororwa inonzi nekorari dzaitongwa kuti vanoumba dzidzo dzimwe nguva here hombe, zvakafanana kukura matombo.

Ona kuti korari izvi, izvo zvinogona kuumba kumboongororwa vari Scleractinia, kuva boka Anthozoa, Cnidaria mhando. Single vanhu vanoumba hofori muhutongi polyps vane calcareous dzaitongwa nevanhu vakura vanopa rutsigiro kukura uye kukura mhuka duku. Kusiyana nezvinofungwa nevakawanda, asi polyps zviri pana zvose pakadzika, uye kwete chete mumvura isina kudzika. Saka, akanaka matema nekorari anorarama kudzika yakadaro chisingazivi pinda hapana ukurire mushana.

Asi chaiyo Coral the reef inogona kuumbwa bedzi mhando kuti kurarama isina kudzika dzinopisa mumakungwa.

Ndezvipi kumboongororwa varipo?

Pane huru akasiyana matatu: fringing, mechidziro pazvitsuwa zvacho. Sezvo unogona fembera, inoganhurana mhando zvinowanikwa mumvura isina kudzika pedyo nemhenderekedzo. The unoyevedza idzodzo dziri mhinganidzo kumboongororwa, izvo zvakafanana breakwater. Vari chiri mhenderekedzo yacho yakaoma kana pazvitsuwa makuru. Kazhinji, vanokosha chaizvo. Chekutanga, pane mamiriyoni utiziro marudzi yokurarama zvisikwa, uye chepiri dzidzo Data basa rinokosha kuumba okunze ari nharaunda, kutadzisa munyanza dzenzvimbo.

The guru uye inozivikanwa zvikuru ndiye Great Chipingamupinyi Dzedu Dziri, izvo kunosvika nokuti 2,000 km achiumba rokumabvazuva pamucheto kondinendi Australian. Vamwe havana kudaro makuru uye inokosha "hama" dzake dziri mhenderekedzo yacho Bahamas, uyewo kumadokero Atlantic.

Pazvitsuwa zvacho - zvidiki chitsuwa serin'i. Muganhu wavo akadzivirira Coral the reef, pova dzinongoitika mhinganidzo, izvo zvinotadzisa munhu Maze simba uye yomugungwa dzenzvimbo kugeza topsoil munyika pamusoro. Kupi zvinobva kumboongororwa, chii chiri mashandiro kuti inotungamirwa yavo?

The panowanikwa nekorari kumboongororwa

Sezvo vazhinji polyps vanoda nekaupenyu kudzika mvura, rakanakira kwavari kuvapo diki uye sandara chawo, zvinganaka iri pedyo nemhenderekedzo. Zvisinei, masayendisiti akawanda vanofunga kuti mamiriro ezvinhu ayo paumbwe mapoka polyps, izvo zvakasiyana.

pazvitsuwa zvacho saka vazhinji zvose nezviratidzo vanofanira kungoitika pamusoro yekare rinoputika, asi kwete kwose kwose kuwana kungoda here yakakwirira dhaka idzodzo kuti yaizonyatsokwanisa vachisimbisa pfungwa iyi. The akakurumbira musayendisiti Charles Darwin, vachifamba hapana zvishoma pane yakakurumbira chikepe "Beagle", vaiita kwete paumbwe shanduka maonero kukura vanhu. Munzira, aigona kuita zvakawanda zvakawanwa, mumwe wakanga tsanangudzo sei paiva nyika nekorari kumboongororwa.

"Dzedu Dziri" dzidziso Charles Darwin

Kufunga kuti yakabuda munzvimbo rinoputika yekare kuwedzera zvishoma nezvishoma nokuda dhaka kuti wakawira zvakatipoteredza somugumisiro vakawanda kwemakomo. Pangosvika pemvura penyanza vachava metres anenge 20, kuchanzwika optimum ezvinhu kuti kugarwa pakati pedenga seamount korari. Vanotanga nokukurumidza kuvaka guta raitongwa, zvishoma nezvishoma rinochinja chose chikuru rokuyamura yomuka mushure kwemakomo.

Kana wechidiki the reef rinosvika vakawanda dzinonetsa, rinoputika, rokumusoro chikamu yakanga kare anenge yakadhirika, rwunotanga zvishoma nezvishoma kunyura shure mugungwa. Sezvo svetuka korari dzinotanga kukura zvikuru, uye nokuti the reef kutanga kuva akakura, apo vasara pamusoro chete chechetere hama kuti pemvura.

Dynamic Dzidziso inotungamirwa

Pedyo the reef anotanga kuunganidza jecha, akawanda - ndiyo marangwanda matombo ekorari nokure pachavo, milled anozoumbiridzwazve mamwe zvisikwa gungwa. Shoals zvava vachiwedzera, pakupedzisira akasarudza the reef rinotanga panguva munyanza pevhu, zvishoma nezvishoma achiumba Atoll. The simba womuenzaniso kunoratidza kuti nyuchi polyps kukwirira kupfuura mvura pamusoro kunoitika nokuda dzose kuchinja munyika yomugungwa pamwero.

Vanodzidza zhinji uye geographers nguva pakarepo akafarirawo dzidziso iyi. Kana chiri chokwadi, ipapo nekorari zvose zvinozivikanwa the reef atakure Vamwe vakasara kuputika core.

Ichokwadi kana kuputika dzidziso Nezvekwakabva the reef?

Kuti asimbise izvi, muna 1904, musi Funafuti chitsuwa chiri muPacific Ocean bvunzo kuchera rakarongwa. Haiwa, huripo panguva iyoyo zvemichina akabvumira kusvika kudzika mamita 352 chete, pashure iyo basa rikaguma uye pamberi inotarisirwa chinoumba masayendisiti kuti uye vakasagona.

Muna 1952, vanhu vokuAmerica vane chinangwa chete kutanga kuchera muna Marshall Islands. Pamusangano kudzika anenge 1.5 makiromita, masayendisiti akawana paiva kuputika basalt. Zvinonzi vakaratidza kuti the reef yakaumbwa makore anopfuura mamiriyoni 60 apfuura, apo muhutongi polyps vakagara pamusoro ane yakatotsakatika pagomo rinoputika. Darwin kamwe zvakare kuva zvakanaka.

Sei kumboongororwa panguva yatinenge kuderera yose pegungwa

Zvinozivikanwa kuti ari amplitude pakati oscillation pegungwa akasiyana nguva yakasvika zana mamita. Modern pamwero akaita kudzikamiswa pamwe nezviuru chete apfuura. Masayendisiti anodavira kuti makore 15,000 ago wegungwa yakanga kanenge 100-150 metres kuvatumwa nhasi. Saka, zvose zviri nekorari kumboongororwa kuti akaumbwa panguva iyoyo, zvino pane 200-250 metres pazasi yazvino mucheto. Pashure mucherechedzo paumbwe mapoka polyps hazvibviri.

Mukuwedzera, vazhinji vavo vaimbova kumboongororwa Coral (mufananidzo uri paper), izvo dzakaumbwa zvakawanda dzekare, uye vari ino nyika. Vakanga dzakaumbwa pamazuva iwayo, apo wegungwa yakanga yakakwirira sezvinobvira, uye chando nguwani ari matanda enyika hariko. Ona kuti pakati muaizi pemakore polyps regai chaizvoizvo asina kuumba zvakawanda kana zvishoma kukosha misha, sezvo mvura pamwero yakanga kuchinja zvakare nokukurumidza.

Ainyanya kukosha panyaya iyi, Egypt. Coral kumboongororwa muGungwa Dzvuku kazhinji pana pakadzika zvikuru, izvo mamiriyoni emakore akapfuura, kwaiva zvatinosiita pasi shoma makungwa.

The chikuru zvinoumba Kushanyira Hama Dzedu Dziri

Kuti tinzwisise chaizvoizvo sei muhutongi polyps akaronga Somuenzaniso, funga nemhenderekedzo kuJamaica. Chero mapikicha chaiwo Atoll kutanga kuonekwa achifumira steeply kubva pakadzika mujecha pfira. Black mitsetse dzinongoda yakafanana Atoll - nayo anotaura Coral kukuvara yakaitika akasiyana Geological nenguva yakafanira kune wegungwa nokufamba.

Vezvikepe mapazi iri pakutsvaga namafungu; kunyange usiku mheremhere egungwa, iyo zvakaparadzira zvakanaka pamberi pamhenderekedzo, rinoratidza kuvapo kumboongororwa. Mushure kuchengetedzwa nzvimbo rinotanga rwenze hwaakange korari akazarurwa yakaderera vavimbezve. Oddly zvakakwana, asi kudzama inowedzera zvikuru pakakura the lagoon mumvura, mapoka polyps munzvimbo iyi haisi saka yakatanga panguva yakaderera kumiswa, ivo vanoramba pasi mvura. Zvarongwa riri pedyo nemhenderekedzo, iyo nguva dzose anovhura yakaderera kumiswa, akadana littoral. Pane zvishoma Coral.

The korari pakukura uye branching kukura pamusoro wokunze micheto, izvo vanotarisana hayo munyanza. Mukuru Kuwanda zvomugungwa iri kuchengetwa mune littoral munharaunda. Zviya, paine anogona kuwanikwa kushanyira Coral the reef? The pemvura nyika yeIjipiti uye nezvimwe akakurumbira nzvimbo dzokugara saka akapfuma kuti imi maziso zvichaita diverge! Hungu, kupfuma pakati fauna of vomunzvimbo idzi havagoni kuramba.

The pemvura Nyika nekorari kumboongororwa

Masayendisiti vanoti chete chete Great Chipingamupinyi Dzedu Dziri (zvatakaona kare akakurukura) anogara anenge zviuru zviviri mhando hove! Fungidzira vangani varipo kurarama makonye, sechipanji nezvimwewo invertebrates?

The zvakawanda zvinonakidza Vagari vari hove zvinoshamisa nekorari kumboongororwa - remaparrot. The zita vakagamuchira kwenguva yakati kuti "muromo" mhando, inova dzakachinjwa shaya ndiro. Shaya "remaparrot" aya akasimba zvokuti vanogona kubvarura nyore muchikuya yose inoperera nekorari.

Sezvo polyps havasi dzakakwirira macalorie, hove ava kuramba kudya. Mugore rimwe vanogara anogona kuparadza matani wandei nekorari. Overcooked marangwanda avo akandwe nharaunda muchimiro jecha. Hongu, hongu, "remaparrot" basa rinokosha kuumba mahombekombe wakachena chena Coral jecha rwakakudzwa yakanaka.

Kucherechedzwa uye mavara vagari vomunzvimbo idzi zvakare mazana mhando gungwa urchins. vavengi vavo chaivo - Starfish - dzimwe nguva vanova vanopara pachavo uye kuparadzwa kumboongororwa. Saka, nyeredzi korona yemhinzwa, akasvika pamusoro Australian pamhenderekedzo neimwe hemisphere, akatotanga kuparadzwa anenge 10% of Chipingamupinyi Dzedu Dziri! Nokuda kwaizvozvi, oceanographers uye fishery zvipenyu munyika izvozvo hondo chaiyo: Nyeredzi vanobatwa uye kuparadzwa.

Past zviitiko ita kupa mumwe mugumisiro, asi nekuti nhasi Australia pemvura nyika inotanga apore.