Gandanga - zviri ... Ndege kuzviuraya. Anti-ugandanga mutemo

Mumwe mutori wenhau Russian yakati kuti ugandanga - Ruvengo: munhu munhu, munhu chavanhu. Chero inonzi evanhu pfungwa, mhedziso achiri Anoteterera mumwe: kuzviuraya - ndiye muvengi wevanhu. Chero bedzi zviripo munyika ino, hapana anogona kunzwa vakachengeteka, nokuti nhamba kurwiswa nemagandanga ari kukura ose pazuva guru nokukurumidza. Maererano nenhamba, zviito vemhosva idzi dzinoitwa mazuva maviri kana matatu ose munyika uye muuye zviito zvisiri pamutemo izvi chete rufu.

Pfungwa yokuti "ugandanga"

Translated kubva rechiLatin rokuti "ugandanga" zvinoreva kutya uye kutya. On hwaro ichi, pasi ugandanga zvakafanira kunzwisisa evanhu chakajairika, iro rinotarisirwa kutyisidzira muvengi wayo kudzvinyirira nemitoo yose, kusanganisira kuparadza chaiko. Kare, kuti kutya harisi chete chokuti pasava, chaizvoizvo kwayo zvinoratidzwa mutsika uye mumuviri nemigumisiro. Gandanga - munhu anoita zvimwe zviito zvainanga kutyityidzirwa uye mhirizhonga. The vanotongwa mhirizhonga iyi inogona kuva mumwe, sangano, boka revanhu kana Vanopfuura chete, vasina chokuita nechinangwa nokuita gandanga chiito, asi nokungoti panzvimbo isiri iyo. Kakawanda, vanhu ava chokuita makororo vane vanhu, achishandisa paruzhinji simba kana paruzhinji marongerwo. Munhu (kana boka vanhu) vanoita mabasa aya anotyisa, kazhinji vane chinangwa kuzvigadzirira masimba omoto atinoda mamiriro ezvinhu munyika kana munharaunda. Gandanga - munhu anoda kutya uye kusavimba zviremera akadzinga vanhu echimurenga chiito, kukanganiswa chisarudzo vehurumende. Kutya uye kusava kunzwisisa mamiriro ezvinhu anogona kukonzera hondo nemumwe nyika, hondo, chido chakasimba kuzvimirira.

Magandanga - hazvina chete vanhu. Zvisiri pamutemo basa rinoshamisa kunogona nemasangano makuru uye mapoka, kusanganisira mari uye kutsigirwa marudzi ose.

Musimboti ugandanga chiri zvisiri pamutemo basa, saka zvinoita dzinoverengeka chaiwo unhu:

• basa iri rinobatanidza mukana mukuru wokuva zvakananga chinangwa kukonzera rufu chete, anoverengeka kana vazhinji.
• It tinoberekwa yezvakaita paruzhinji kuurayiwa. About chiito ichi chinofanira kuzivikanwa yakawanda vanhu.
• Chinangwa Zviito pamutemo vanoshandiswa chido kuumba ezvinhu umo ushe nokutya uye kuora mwoyo.
• Apo vapanduki chiito, bata imwe, ndanzwawo kufurira vamwe vose.

Kana tikaenzanisa pfungwa "kutya" uye "ugandanga", tinogona kutaura kuti wokutanga pfungwa rakasiyana, hombe, uye chirwere kutya vanhu vazhinji.

International ugandanga: kwayo uye vanotongwa ukoshi

ugandanga International kunangana zvimwe inoti kana vamwe denderedzwa vanhu. Chinangwa charo chikuru chakakomba rikavapo pamusoro kwagara basa mamiriro, vachichera kugadzikana ukama ayo nedzimwe nyika. Vaaitonga ndiyo nyika yose, vagari imwe nyika, paruzhinji zvivako, mitemo kana vamiriri. Izvi mhando ugandanga inonzi zvoupfumi shanduro hondo. Nzira Izvi zvinonyanya kubudirira; vanhu vari kufa, vasanyanya upfumi munyika uye nenzvimbo yaro munyika, uye zvose zvinoitika aine zvishoma emauto mari uye zvibayiro kwevaya vari kuronga uye kuita.

Dzinokosha kwakadai banditry:

• vemauto zvose zvinoreva kuti aite gandanga chiito mundima muvengi, iyo yakatengwa munzvimbo.
• Avo vari kuita okupandukira mabasa, vari munzvimbo dzakasiyana-siyana, muvengi mamiriro, ivo zvakaoma kuona, nekuti vakawanda makororo kurarama zviri pamutemo munyika yakati.
• The varongi ari magandanga zvakaoma kuwana chimwe chikonzero kuti pakushandisa kwegadziriro samambure Kutarisira, riri nyore kusvika pamusoro.

The chikuru zvishandiso ugandanga, zvose dzakawanda uye mudzimba, ndiye mupfungwa kukwirira pamusoro muvengi, nokuti varongi nguva dzose kuva akajeka uye kufunga-panze plan, uye zvakaoma chaizvo kuziva, akarova achava ndirohwe mune ramangwana.

History of ugandanga

Kana tikaronda kuti chidzoke ugandanga, tinogona kugumisa kuti akazviratidza kwenguva refu. Kuti inguva yakareba kwakanga mhirizhonga kunangana munhu, uye vanhuwo pfungwa yakabuda chete muzana remakore rechimakumi maviri. raakazopirwa wokutanga, maererano vamwe vanyori venhau dzakaitika, ndiyo emagandanga sangano mune dzimwe nyika Latin America. Boka revanhu pashure pokufa emagandanga sangano munyika idzi vakatanga ishande, pashure pokupedza mashomanana okupandukira mabasa, izvo gare gare vakarondedzerwa se "omumaguta remagandanga". Mukutanga 60s zvakafanana chiito kwakaitika muuto Israeli. Mumakore aya, Palestinian magandanga rakavhuvhuta rehondo zvokushandisa, vakaba ndege vane vanhu, uye ipapo akaridza navo, vakabata motokari mubatwa kana kubatikana chivako vanhu, nokusika diversions mune mapoka. Kwemakumi emakore nyika yave vakabata sefungu ugandanga, hurumende. Mumakore aya, isu ndatanga kuratidzwa dzakadaro uye muWestern Europe, apo vanonzi Italian "Red Brigades", separratiskie boka Eta muSpain, iye Republican Army kuIreland. Magandanga Pamazita yakakura chaizvo. Chakaipa kupfuura ndizvo Osama remarara Laden, uyo pa mangwanani May, 2011. Izvi magandanga nhamba 1 zvaunza yakawanda misodzi uye zvakaipa munyika ino, achiuraya vakawanda. zita rake riri chokuita vakawanda mhosva, kubhombiwa uye kurwiswa. Akanga achida kubva 1998. Mumwe kuvazivisa gandanga anonzi: Ayman Al-Zawahiri, uyo akaronga "muEgipita kwechiIslam Jihad," Adam Gadahn, Daniel Andreas San Diego, imwe kwekwainzi nhengo kubhombiwa muhofisi zvivako muUnited States, Ali Atwa, uyo mubasa mhepo piracy, ndege kuputika, mubatwa-kupinza, Fahd Mohammed Ahmed al-Kuso nevamwe vazhinji.

mhando ugandanga

Izvi munzanga chiri Classified akawanda chikonzero. Kana isu funga miganhu, zvinokwanisika kuziva dzakawanda uye mumhuri ugandanga.

Zvichienderana chinangwa pamutemo zviito kure enyika, zvechitendero uye nyika.

Unonyanya kudzoreka, maererano dzakawanda dzekare, ndiye enyika ugandanga. chikuru kutungamirira Its kuratidzwa kusagutsikana pamwe aivapo enyika acharonga mukati hurumende. Izvi mhando banditry akazviratidza pakutanga. miviri State kumboda vakadzidza sei zvakakwana kukurira zvikwata zvakadai. Vakanguva kumativi kwemakore akawanda, vari kutanga Vachaoma: mukuru vatungamiriri zviripo mapoka vari kutoshumira mitongo yavo, uye chizvarwa chitsva haisi saka ngozi uye nenyanzvi. Political ugandanga vave nani zvishoma, vanokwanisa kuchinja kwete vehurumende, asi nzanga yose zvayo.

National ugandanga - ichi zvisiri pamutemo zviito boka revanhu vari kuvavarira kumisa kururama kwavo pachavo akazvimirira mamiriro. Groups vanoda kusika yavo yoga hurumende mamiriro, zvombo uye edza kushandisa zvombo kuti vadzivirire zvavanofarira. Mari ugandanga, muchiitiko ichi chinoitika tichiregeredza dzimwe inoti, zvivako, vanhu vari kuziva kana kusikwa rezvematongerwo enyika itsva gadziriro, kana mune chakakomba kurerutsa zvoupfumi kana evanhu bhora kuti ariko, kuzorwa uyo chiito makororo. Kazhinji chinoita kuti mari handiyo chete bato, asiwo zvemari. Mumakore okupedzisira remakore kupfuura unoshamisa muenzaniso National ugandanga ndiyo hondo yacho Kurds, waitsigira kusikwa itsva ezvinhu Kurdistan, kwakaitika pamusoro munharaunda mana chete nyika: Iraq, Iran, Turkey uye Siria.

Mumwe muenzaniso uri kutamburira kuti boka revanhu vari rwezasi France uye Spain, anonzi Basque, vaida kuva zvakazara kuzvimirira. MuUK, nationalist magandanga vainzi nhengo Ira - mauto Irish - izvo achibatsirwa magandanga vari kuedza kumisa yakazvimirira mamiriro. A mhando kuratidzwa ichi mhando ugandanga, maererano mumwe chikamu kwenzanga, ndiko kurwisa kumaodzanyemba-nechokumabvazuva kuUkraine mukana kuumba wako yeUnited chikwata mukati imwe hurumende. The inotyisa kweizvi evanhu chinoshamisa mumwe kunobva zvechitendero. zvechitendero vanoda nyore kupa upenyu hwavo mukurwa nokuda zvinangwa zvavo. Kuratidzwa chikuru ichi mhando ugandanga ichaongororwa kuti kurwa kwakanaka namaParistina, iyo kuitika muIsraeri. Achitaura pamusoro vatungamiriri emakoronyera, zvakakodzera govera kare yakaparadzwa Osama remarara Laden, vanoisa upenyu hwavo kusikwa yose Islamic mamiriro. murume kuchipuka icho akakwanisa chokubatanidza vakawanda vanhu vava kukanganisa mhosva hwevamwe, kuti vaunganidze hombe mari yakawanda kuti sangano okutambura kunobva kununura Fund "Al-Qaeda". Under patronage akadzidziswa Ndege ake kuzviuraya, nokuti izvo hapana chitsvene. Vanobatana chete nechinangwa chimwe.

kuzviuraya Ndege

Kuzviuraya Ndege kukonzera unyanzvi gakava pfungwa. Kune mijenya pamusoro nzira kuti pfungwa iyi. A mukurumbira nyanzvi kudzidza musimboti ugandanga A. vaMerari anotenda kuti mukuru pfungwa tsanangudzo iyi haadaro. Kuti pfupikisa Ndege dzose kuzviuraya haagoni kuva vakuum zvose. The bhomba chingava hwandaiva munhu, asi iye achida kubayira pasi pokudzora zvimwe zvinhu, mafungiro uye zvaunotenda. Persons mubasa kugadzirira vaiendeswa dzakadaro. Pakutanga havana kuwana munhu ane yakakodzera mupfungwa asian, ipapo vakamubata uye zvokudya zvishoma nezvishoma kuti aite zvimwe zviito kuti abvise upenyu bhomba kuzviuraya kuti kwete chete, asi vanhu vakawanda. izvi zvose, maererano navo, rinoitwa nokuda nevakawanda chinangwa, kazhinji ndizvo chitendero. Panzvimbo yechipiri - nyika.

Suicide rinogonawo kuva munhu ane pfungwa akavhiringidzwa pfungwa nenyika kana chitendero. Zviri mudziyo mumaoko vatungamiri nemagandanga mapoka, iyo, sezvo mutemo, haanzwisisi zvinangwa yezviito zvavo kwechokwadi mhando, uye achitenda zvarinoreva zvakanaka kwevanhu.

Imwe nyanzvi inodzidza rokuti "bhomba kuzviuraya" Aarkus ane maonero akasiyana. Maererano nedzidziso yake, Ndege kuzviuraya muri mhando mbiri. Chokutanga mhando ndiyo rechitendero kana dzenyika vanonyanyisa, uye wechipiri - chakagadzirwa Ndege uyo akachinja chitendero kana dzenyika mafungiro vanokwanisa kuzvipira.

Asi Professor Ross kubva American University, kudzidza mupfungwa chinhu chiito kuzviuraya, anoti inotungamirwa yavo zvinokonzerwa siyana zvinhu zvose munzanga uye mafungiro uye nyika. Mamiriro ezvinhu akanaka nokuti kukura ugandanga vari kurarama neimwe muvanhu, evanhu, kukura hweruzhinji, kubatwa kuzviuraya, kunamatwa Ndege kuzviuraya, hazvina kutorwa nehama dzazvo kutya muupenyu uye vanhu, hukasha, mhosva kune vamwe uye zvakawanda.

siyana ugandanga

Kutyisa Fani ane kuratidzwa siyana. Vanodukupiswa, vanobviswa zvose nhoroondo pakugadzirira nemutadzi mutemo. The Kupesana anoitwa muchimiro zvimiso, sezvo chikamu gandanga chiito - ibatanidzo dzakawanda. Rakajairika vakavhengana chimiro - somuenzaniso, kupambwa motokari nevanhu. Muchiitiko chino, kukabatanidzwa dzakawanda zviito: kunwa hostages uye kupambwa nemotokari.

Chimwe ndicho uye ngozi muchimiro ugandanga ndiko kushandiswa putika mano kuti kukonzera kunonyanyisa kukuvara. Zvombo Magandanga zvikuru siyana, kusanganisira putika namano. Zvingava nenyere mabhomba, uye fekitari. Zvikonzero kuti makororo vaishandisa putika mano, muri pachena: fomu yavo akagovera rakakura kukuvara. Homemade mano regai zvinoda kuchikosha mubhizimisi, mukuwedzera, zvinokwanisika kushandisa kure utariri, izvo anowedzera padanho kuchengeteka magandanga pachavo.

Chinonyanya kukosha chimiro wechipiri hijacking ndege, ngarava kana zvimwe modes pakufamba, kusanganisira njanji. chimiro ichi rinowanzoshandiswa pamwe nokuputika motokari ine zvakabiwa, saka inotungamirira kurasikirwa noupenyu zhinji, kunyanya kana rakundwa motokari inogona kutakura vanhu vakawanda.

chimiro ichi ugandanga, sezvo chiito kuti ine matanho akawanda: kutanga, kupambwa kwaizotevera hijacking. Nepfari rinonzi ugone chokufambisa achishandisa chisimba. Gandanga - tsotsi uyo anoshandisa simba ari nevashandi vomungarava kana ndege uye vatakurwi. Zvikurukuru, mushure kubatwa pakufamba (chikepe) matsotsi vari kuchinja nzira kufamba, kusarudza mirayiridzo yaro.

Mubatwa-kupinza anoonekwa mufananidzo ugandanga rechitatu, kunyange chiito unobatanidzwa pamwe nedzimwe nzira. Mubatwa pfungwa akadana vanhu vari nechisimba inoitirwa imwe nzvimbo sechivimbiso kuzadzika ehurumende kana zvimwe vanhu magandanga 'zvirevo. Kunwa hostages sezvo muchimiro ichi mhando banditry, vavariro Data ndeinotevera:

• Kuronga kubatwa tsanangudzo chiito zvinangwa;
• kutsvaga pakuuraya;
• kuwana zvinodiwa kuti awane chinangwa;
• tsanangudzo panzvimbo nezvokubvuta, kudzidzwa Kuwanikwa unodzivirira, zvinoreva yokutaurirana pakati nevarindi, nguva uye mirayiridzo kufamba;
• rairo mabasa, izvo kuvavarira kuva nezvokubvuta uye zvisiri pamutemo chengetedzo vanhu;
• kuti nokuiswa zvinodiwa;
• Nhaurirano Magandanga.

Zvikuru mufananidzo chakakomba mupfungwa ugandanga, inova tsika kurwisa vanhu. Uyu mupfungwa tyisidzira, kushandisa chombo chinouraya kana mhirizhonga.

Evanhu vemazuva ano, paiva cyberterrorism, inova kurwiswa nemaune pamusoro tsotsi ruzivo, izvo chinogadzirwa ne kombiyuta Hardware kana software, uye kunokosha kuruzhinji kana hurumende. chimiro ichi zvinogona kuva kunokuvadza uye utano uye upenyu hwevanhu.

Mamiriro ugandanga munyika

nyaya iyi yava kukamura uchishandisa chaizvo mumakore achangopfuura. News chete muchifashukira chokwadi pamusoro magandanga. A kunzwa kuti zvose magandanga zvenyika makatanga vanoshingaira ishande, vachitsvaka enyika, National kana chitendero zvinangwa zvavo. Nyanzvi vanoti chikuru chikonzero webasa masangano aya pamwe dambudziko nguva muEurope uye munyika. Chero nemagandanga akavhiyiwa kungaita kuti kuparadzwa nehurumende. Nemagandanga Operatives akakunda nharaunda yose, kuzoposhera pasi ndege uye kuita zvimwe chinonyangadza zvinhu. Upenyu kuva zvombo kuti vawane nyika kana chitendero zvinangwa.

Mamiriro pamwe ugandanga muRussia

MuRussia, nyaya ugandanga anopindura yakawanda nzvimbo nezuva nhau. Kurwiswa nemagandanga muRussia kwakaitika pakarepo pashure pokuwa USSR, muna 1994-1995, havana kurega uye gare gare. Kupfuura chinzvimbo chiito munguva ichangopfuura makore Russian Federation aiva zvinotyisa kupambwa Beslan muna North Ossetia, apo vana vakakanganiswawo. Magandanga - vanhu vasina chero tsika, saka ivo encroached pamusoro hwevana. The chikoro, rave nechisimba vemhosva, September 1, 2004, zvose, paiva nevanhu vanenge 1,200 vakaurayiwa mumazuva matatu zvinotyisa - 326. Maererano kuferefeta zvinokosha mabasa, kusanganisira zvinotyisa chiito anotora vanhu 32, 31 vacho vakaurayiwa panguva kusunungurwa kwevanhu. Kurarama paiva mumwe makororo chete. Vanogona kuyeuka pamusoro Nord-OST, guta guru racho Palace Mutsika, yakanga mined kubudikidza magandanga, pamwe 700 vaoni uye netsvimbo zvivako. Magandanga yaiitwa mubatwa kwemazuva matatu, nokunyomba mupfungwa hama varombo. It akagumisa chiito nokuda dutu, inova yepamutemo shanduro vakatanga pashure gunmen atanga anokanda vanhu. Muhondo iyi pamusoro nemagandanga mapurisa Bope akaita nenyanzvi, asi aifanira kushandisa zvinouraya gasi. Zvinosuruvarisa zhinji vanhu vasina mhosva vakafa kubva zvachinokonzera.

Chimwe Ugandanga kuRussia nhasi Arab Wahhabis. boka iri anoita mabasa echitendero ugandanga, izvo zvinogona kukanganiswa vokuRussia. Magandanga, mapikicha ari faira pamwe dzakawanda uye Russian mabasa urimowo munyaya iyi, anogona kugara pakati pedu, uye nokudaro kuronga mhosva dzavo.

Nzira yokubata magandanga

On pakurwisa ugandanga, vachiti zvinhu zvizhinji. Chokutanga, ndinoda kutaura pamusoro chii hurumende vari kurwisa zvakananga Russian tsotsi mapoka kana munhu magandanga. Main murwi vaiona ari Federal Security Service of Russian Federation. Kuwedzera pabasa iri, madhipatimendi kurwisa ugandanga chiri Interior Muushumiri, Mutorwa Intelligence Service, Federal Guard Service yeRussian Federation uye Russian Defense Ministry.

MuRussia, akasika Anti-nemagandanga dzakabatana, chikuru ndivo ndivo boka "Arifa" uye "Vympel". Uyewo, kuti kuchengeteka mabasa, vanorwa ugandanga, uye yakasimbiswa nehondo, pasi Bazi Internal Affairs (boka "Vega"), pamwe Vezvemitemo.

Anotyisa anogona chete kudziviswa vadyi kuitwa munyika dzakasiyana, izvo zvakagadzirwa kuti chakakura pakugadzirisa dambudziko. Zvakakosha kuva misoro yokusvika rokurwisa Fani iyi kwete chete pamutemo uye vakachengeteka kwechirwere, asiwo kuziviswa huru zvikonzero parinowanika. Chikurukuru - regai kutsvaka zvikonzero ugandanga, kwete kuti kuiganhura vachiita zvakanaka uye zvakaipa. Zvakakosha kundorwa chero kuonekwa. Panguva zvemitemo pamwero munyika dzose vanofanira kusimbisa mhosva mutoro chiito panezvinotyisa. Mutemo pamusoro kurwisa ugandanga uye mitemo mhosva anofanira akasungirirwa pakatanga rufu.

Mitemo inobatsira kuti pakurwisa ugandanga

Pakurwisa ugandanga mu Russia anobatsira Mutemo "On pakurwisa Ugandanga", vakagamuchirwa muna March 2006. Murayiro anosimbisa dzinokosha okutambura, kwakasimbiswa nzira siyana muzvidzivirire.