Francisco Franco: A Biography uye ezvematongerwo enyika

Kana Spanish Civil War, General Francisco Franco (Francisco Paulino Ermenehildo Teodulo Franco Bahamonde - zita rake rizere) vakapemberera sorokachetyrohletie kwayo asi aiita kare waneta noupenyu uye mukuru zvikuru kupfuura makore ake. By unpresentable pakuonekwa akawedzera mamwe uye kuneta, kunyange pane ndakazoona kuti zvakanga zvikuru akanyengedza.

On the pfupi-makumbo marefu, pfupi, (157 masendimita), dzizere, ane rinobaya nenzwi shrill, vachinyara nemasaini Gen. wake mhuka German shamwari-blond zvairatidzika wanetsa: haana vechiJudha kana midzi yake. Akavhiringidzika nokuti nzvimbo dzaiva dzakakura chaizvo: katsi kweItari anodzivirira muna Cordoba nezveimwe namasere chavagari Semites. Panewo emakore akawanda akatonga navaArabhu, uye Franco haana Castilian, iye akaberekwa ari Galicia, yaigarwa muchiPutukezi.

July rechi18

Sezvatinoziva, zuva rino muna 1936 akatanga Weather forecast mangwanani ose, iyo yaiva mureza mavambo yemuna: ". Over Spain mudenga risina makore" Pakamukirwa pamusoro zvokuvhoterwa zvikuru zvose zvakanga akaparirwa nokuda Republicans. Leftists range zvose zvikazara hurumende: Social Democrats, uye Socialist, uye Trotskyites, uye vapanduki - uye kuruboshwe-bapiro kutsvetera nezuva steepened.

Remagandanga hondo, mhirizhonga, hupfumi nyonganyonga yakatarisana nenyika dziri kuparara uye nenyonganyonga. Rampaged political udzvanyiriri, pane kushanda vanhu vakapa chete masirogani, murimi mudiki Spanish vasisa zvokudya chipo neboka vatungamiriri, agitators-vanotaura zvinhu zvisina zvazvinobatsira, uye vakasununguka kutengeserana rakarambidzwa ne Republicans. Pakadaro, zvematongerwo zvakavamba kuchinja kugona kuwana pakati ivhu, kubva zvakanyanyisa kuruboshwe, vaimhanyira kwokupedzisira kurudyi.

Muzinda simba uye maererano Kufambisa pakati zvido haana kuwanikwa. In Spain, vakawanda simba rose rakanga yeKaturike somunhu nhema sangano. Nanhasi, Spain - nyika vanhu vechitendero zvikuru. Kunyange zvazvo Republic havana kuzoshinga aite de-zvechiKristu, udzvanyiriri achiri vaiva, saka, kumeso kereke, vakatora ropa muvengi, uye mukanyiwa guru vakatendeka - vavengi pamberi nguva yakavanzwa.

Vatsigiri Francisco Franco

Right unhu uyewo haana kunaka; zvakanga inotongwa enyika misoneism gobvu uye obscurantism. Revatongi varidzi uye kurongeka mossy vanokudzwa dzichirerusire uye vakanozviviga rake bhokisi groundless, nekuti vakanga vasingagoni anowanzoita mari kupanduka. Ndokusaka Spanish vaNazi akakumbira rubatsiro kubva muItari Germany, uye hondo basa kubva akaunganidza vanhuwo zvavo uye vakaripira Arab-Berber vanopfura kubva Morocco.

Republicans havana kuurayiwa munharaunda yayo chero ripi Bourgeois, asi mumwe reNazi asina kutomboderera kwavari utsinye. Asi plugged ari bhandi rake. Vapanduki vakatora pamusoro pamafudzi masirogani, haana kufanana yechiFascist vokuSpain yechiFascist German uye Italian aida "vanhu, poumambo uye nokutenda."

Ndinofanira kutaura, Mussolini vakazvidza poumambo uye chechi yakanga hanya naye. Hitler vaivenga chiKristu uye oukuru. Francisco Franco aiva internationalist: Spanish kwaari vose vagari, pasina kusarura rudzi uye dzinza. pfungwa dzaro aiva muKaturike, uye akanga kuzodzosera umambo.

Achifambisa pasi moto

Akamira pamusoro nyika, Francisco Franco Bahamonde haana nechivimbo. Nekuti pachinzvimbo zvakanga zvakaoma chaizvo. How kudzura Spain kubva okusava ichi, apo kuchengetedza simba, haana kuziva. Chete ndakaona kuti chete apererwa achifambisa zvinobvira kuita chigadzikiso mibvunzo iyi miviri.

Francisco Franco akaziva kuti Mussolini uye Hitler hazvo kupinza hondo yenyika. Zvino, kana zvikakunda, Spain kwakaita zvachose kuwana, uye kana ukarashikirwa, Spain richaguma kuvapo.

Uye Francisco Franco, ane Biography imhaka zvose izvi incredible achifambisa, ndokurondedzera kwavakarerekera. Friendly kasina, Chokwadi, kusvikira kurutivi Hitler vaiva, asi zvokuti uyu akaramba ari kure akanaka kure.

gangaidzo zviito

Somuenzaniso, Franco akabvumira Ngarava dzepasi pemvura German uye warships anobva mune Spanish zvengarava, achivapa fodya, maranjisi uye mvura yakachena. Akatora zvikepe Argentina nyama uye zviyo Germany, vanobvumirwa kuitakura zvose kuburikidza Spain. Asi, kana hondo pamwe Russia, kwete akaisa kune Wehrmacht mapoka aakatuma shure. Mauto eGermany ari munharaunda Spain haana atanga.

Francisco Franco, akatorwa uye kunyange mashoko chete izvo zvasvika kwatiri muna kunyanya yakawanda, mumiririri wokuGermany akati: "The kungwaririra mutemo kwete chete nezvido Spain It chinodiwa uye Germany Kubvira Spain, achipa Germany tungsten nezvimwe zvisingawanzoitiki zvinogadzirwa ikozvino .. Germany, kunyange kupfuura Spain, zvinobatanidzwa muhondo. "

Franco aibvuma kutaura noruremekedzo pamusoro Churchill, England zvichachengetwawo nedzenyu pabonde. Akataura pamusoro Stalin pasina manzwiro zvikuru. Yaiurayiwa vaJudha pasi mudzvanyiriri haana kuzorwa navo kunyange matanho zvinhu havana kutorwa. Ndokusaka pashure pehondo muSpain havana zvaisanganisira Anti-Hitler masoja mubatanidzwa: pamutemo chikonzero hariko.

German muchiuto uye machinda avo vakaedza kuvanda Spain, mudzvinyiriri Pinda muna Latin America. Izvi anokudzwa kugadzirisa vakakodzera kudzidza. Nekuti zvimwe - kubva pakutanga caudillo Francisco Franco.

nhaka muchiuto

Caudillo - musoro wehurumende upenyu. Ichi Spanish mukuru yabudirira refu chinzvimbo chakadaro pasinei akazvarwa muna 1892 mune mumhenderekedzo yegungwa taundi El Ferrol, muna Galicia, mumhuri yakakura ine nyore mukuru padyo wengarava chawo. Uyo akapa mhuri yake uye akasiya pakati vamwe vana uye vaduku Francisco Franco, ane zita remadunhurirwa rokuti atova Paquito ( "Dhadha"). Sezvingatarisirwa, mukomana akatozova kwawakananga uye pachivande.

The Military Academy of Toledo, romuMiddle guta guru munyika, remangwana mudzvinyiriri vakapedza hwake hauna kunyanya kufara. Dzakaondoroka, undersized, vaibviswa amai uye baba vakasiya nayo musoro wake achinyatsotaurira kudzidzawo uye ari kufambira mberi mu munda uyu. Gare gare, atova mubasa, Francisco zvaanokoshesa handishanduki, uye panguva makumi matatu, akava General - General pasi pake panguva iyoyo akanga asina muSpain kana mu Europe.

Morocco

Asati 1926 - akashumira nyuchi, Morocco, apo chikamu Spanish Legion, wakapindwa nevamwe vakadzingwa. Richava chikuru wavanozvisunga simba, kana Francisco Franco uye ake nguva zvinoda nokukurumidza kutarisirwa.

Panguva ino, munguva yemberi mudzvinyiriri kare akaroora Carmen Polo, mukuru-kuzvarwa noblewoman waitsvaka kwemakore matanhatu. Mambo Alfonso XIII pachake kukudzwa muchato wavo uye kunyange remangwana General baba posazhonnym. In muchato uyu mwanasikana - Maria Del Carmen - pavakadzokera Spain.

rekodhi

The mudzvanyiriri iyoyo, aitonga nyika - Primo of Rivera - ina uto chikoro akabatanidza kupinda chimwe. Saka guta Zaragoza rava nzvimbo itsva Fransisko Franko, ane zita remadunhurirwa rokuti hakuna kuzorangarirwa. Mukuru General Military Academy haangavi somunhu Duckling. Muna 1931, sangano iri yakaguma.

Next Track zvinyorwa Francisco Franco riri guru kwazvo uye zvinofadza. Akashumira pasi poumambo, Republicans uye vaiomerera. Uye vachifora pamusoro Galicia, uye kudzivisa vachimupandukira Asturias, uye akapotsa akadzingirwa kuBalearic uye zvadaro Canary Islands, zviri ichi- vakatamira kuburikidza panhengo. Heano Canary Islands uye akasvika teregiramu vakatumwa 17 July 1936. Asi iye nendege kutanga MuMorocco.

fratricide

Uye muna Spain, kuuraya mberi. Francisco Franco aiva pamusoro Anti-Republican kumukira sezvo vaFascist, monarchists, pasinei yakawiriranwa utsinye, vakamuona somunhu nekuyanana mufananidzo, kuwana rwakafanana dhinomineta nokuda chibvumirano pakati anorwisana mapoka.

Kuti Franco vakabvumirana Hitler uye Mussolini pamusoro kubatsirwa neuto, nokudaro kuhwinha kukunda Republicans. Ikashanduka generalissimo. Uye nyika kwemakore matatu ropa makore vakarasikirwa mazana manomwe zviuru vemo vari hondo, zvuru gumi makumi matatu nezviuru kubhomba rufu mutsara.

ari yepashure pehondo

kutsanangura zvose zvinoshamisa kudzora chete pave nesimba mudzvanyiriri simba uye kuwedzera kutendeseka kwayo. In World War handina kuuya: vehurumende zvakakwana. With kunyika Anti-Hitler mubatanidzwa ukama haisi hwevanovatadzira. Kunyange nechokunze ari zvakachinja makore, iye akava hombe uye Circumlocution. zvakajeka Photo Francisco Franco mumakore iwayo anoratidza rinozvivimba munhu ane simba uye maziso rinobaya.

Zvisinei, upfumi akanyatsoiswa vasanyanya hondo, kuti auye nayo zvose vakakundikana kubva pakoma. Adherent autarky uye mamiriro kudzora upfumi, Franco vaisagona kuchengeta kuchinja. The nyika yava mune zvoupfumi sunungukei, kupinzwa kuti guta yakayerera kune dzimwe nyika kuSpain.

The nzira kuti umambo

The UN akashora kwaFranco sechinhu udzvinyiriri, asi anenge dzose dzokuMadokero vakatsigira munhu kurerutsa Anti-communism. Muna 1969, mutongi doro vakwegura akataura mutsivi wake, Juan Carlos, Prince, muzukuru Alfonso - posazhonnogo baba Franco muchato. Zvishoma nezvishoma Spain akadzokera hweruzhinji uye yepamutemo umambo. Asi kusvikira 1975, kana zvaitika, achiri kure kure.

The post-hondo zvinhu zvakanga zvakakomba zvikuru. In Spain, rubatsiro rwemari iri kuramba, UN haabvumirwi kusvikira 1955, NATO haana kutora. Kubvira muna 1947, ari caudillo akanga anobatanidzwa munyaya zvokurera muchinda muduku, kugadzirira nokuda njodzi namambo. Iye kuchechi naye, akataura, verenga kwaari, tichiziva kuti mambo aizova kugadzirira toyi mumaoko adventurers kana intriguers, ichakanganisa nyika, asingakwanisi kukurira ossified nhaka.

Kuchinja nyika hurumende munyika mitemo kweuto-oligarchic. Print - kuongororerwa kushorwa enyika - udzvanyiriri, mapato uye kutengeserana mibatanidzwa - kurambidza wakakwana, clandestine basa - rufu. Chekutanga - chirango. Kunyange chechi akarayirwa haana kuwedzera uwandu mamongi, zvakawanda mumabasa zvenyika.

upfumi Kudzikamiswa

Muna 1955, Spain in United Nations pakupedzisira wokurera, uye vakatanga zvishoma nezvishoma mazuvaano. Technocrats, vavengi nyika voga kubva kwoupfumi wokumwe guta (autarky), akawana achitonetsekawo upfumi. Zvikwereti avapo maererano nepurani upfumi Kudzikamiswa nemasangano dzakawanda, simba administrative achitonetsekawo upfumi.

guta Foreign yakafukidza yakakura rwizi muSpain, ari peseta akava pachena convertible. Asi Franco akanyatsotevera hweruzhinji haana kupinda munzvimbo magariro uye enyika upenyu kwenzanga. Chete nokure upfumi yakavhurwa kwaari. Saka, kusvikira mudzvinyiriri afa muna November 1975, Spain yaiva anomanikidza mamiriro.

Books ukoshi kuverenga

"The Secret Nezvibvumirano of Madrid", "Francisco Franco uye nguva yake" uye vamwe mabhuku zvakasimba zvinoratidza nzira zviitiko muSpain kwerinenge remakore. Uyu dzawo chaizvo basa. Akanyora dzavo Svetlana Pozharsky. Francisco Franco, mudzvinyiriri uye muvandudzi Anonangana muverengi ose kukura kwake yakaderera uye zvinomuita zvose ake hofori hunhu. Pozharskaya akaita wokutanga yedu nyika monograph musi Franco, kufukidza upenyu yose caudillo uye chaizvo nhoroondo background. Apa pane unwrapped kuongorora dambudziko kwenzanga uye zvinokonzera Francoism. Mupiro Russian hispanism S. P. Pozharskoy aikosheswa muSpain.

The kutsvaka akangwarira wenhau zvakaita kuti chinoshamisa akawana: Munyori kuwanwa naye Spain bhuku "Freemasonry" - Francisco Franco, uyo akashandisa rekunyepedzera kuti kumukira. basa iri - basa rakakura zvoruzivo uye nokumukira dzidziso, ipapo vari amuudza zvigadziriswe vakawanda kuchinja mukuru vanhu, kutanga simba vamiririri Freemasonry.