Fluorescent mwenje - ndiko? Mhando fluorescent mwenje

Muna January gore rino, kambani General Electric (GE) vakazivisa kugumiswa weU.S. kusunungurwa tsindirana fluorescent mwenje pakazopera 2016-ndipo. The itsva akatungamirira zvemichina anoparadzwa panzira kwayo nguva vazivane fluorescent, sezvo kamwe iye akapidigura "ushe" pamusoro incandescent mwenje, yakagadzirwa muvambi Thomas Edison GE.

Saka chii chinonzi fluorescent rambi?

Fluorescent rambi - a nemekiyuri zvinoerera mwenje yakaderera kumanikidzwa mano umo anooneka chiedza nemwaranzi rinoshandiswa fluorescence. Magetsi ari gasi excites mekuri mhute, izvo vanotanga emit chiedza muna ultraviolet siyana iyo chinokonzera luminescence dzakawanda phosphor unhani.

Zvinotevera mhando fluorescent rambi: chando cathode uye electroluminescent inopisa kutanga.

Hot kutanga

Zvinonyanyozivikanwa mwenje inodziya kutanga. Chiedza tsime iri mhando ine girazi girobhu racho akazara ane inert gasi (yemanyorero argon) yakaderera kumanikidzwa. Kurutivi rumwe norumwe girobhu racho ndiro tungsten electrode. The kutsigisa igwa anodzora simba electrodes. The Old rambi aishandiswa vachimhanya Starter. Kushandiswa ano zvigadzirwa ballasts.

Ivo zvishoma akafanana girobhu racho. Initial luminescence yakabereka kubva huru tungsten coils, asi zvino wemagetsi kukangamwirwa musanganiswa nemekiyuri mhute uye inert gasi ndiyo ultraviolet nemwaranzi. Zvikuru sezvamunoita anofukidza madziro chinu, absorbs ultraviolet chiedza uye inongorira chiedza anooneka. Inonzi phosphor uye musanganiswa phosphorus anotsanangura yeimwe. Pamusana kwaari, chiedza goho mwenje izvi mukuru simba incandescent chiedza kakawanda. Filament anoramba hwihwinyara uye pakupera ari kuvesa, asi chete kuramba zvinoyerera.

Kusika yemagetsi buditsa zvakakodzera mukuru voltage. Kutonhora kupfuura girobhu racho, dzakanga yokuvira. Asi nekuti yakakwirira kwevari rinoreva ngozi "ushamwari-up" pakati chinu kunetseka kunge yakatanga.

Imwe kudziyisa nzira ndeyokushandisa imwe Starter. Kana voltage rinoshandiswa zvinoyerera mwenje uzere, rinopisa bimetal kutaura navo. Contacts kuvhara wake shunt, uye magetsi rinopisa tungsten electrodes, izvo zvinozoita ndiyo huru uye ionized inert gasi. Dzaserera, ari bimetal kuonana anovhura, zvokudya zvose voltage uye simba kuti electrodes ari throttle. Kana zvinoyerera zvikasaitika, ipapo muitiro inodzokororwa. Pashure rambi kuvesa Starter chinja kure, sezvo kurwisa kwayo kwakakwirira zvikuru kupfuura plasma nemishonga.

Mazuva hurongwa, vapenyu kutanga electrodes vanotsamwira ichi-, uye chinhu chakakombama ndiye anosarudza makateyiwa reflector kana kutanga zviuno.

Fluorescent mwenje chando cathode

Holodnokatodnye fluorescent rambi - ndangariro cathode tembiricha isingadariki 150 ° C zvichienzaniswa 900 ° C hot-kutanga mwenje. Uchishandisa voltage - 600-900 V, rukungiso - 900-1600 V. The chiedza chaibwinya ne ionized gasi, izvo zvakafanira kuti vaunze soro voltage. Zvinoyerera rikaitika Kuparara nzvimbo pakati electrodes. The gasi ari mwenje chaiye ezvinhu dielectric, asi ari yemagetsi munda, maerekitironi uye ions dzinotanga kutama. Kana refu voltage yemagetsi munda Inowedzera kuti mhosva inoramba kuti dhumhana pamwe gasi mamorekuru, ivo nekugogodza maerekitironi panze. Newly akasika ions uye maerekitironi sezvo vari kushandiswa mune ionization: aval muitiro anova.

In mwenje inopisa kutanga kubuda chiri chinhu chakakombama, uye kutonhora kubuda zvinopa chiedza - hwihwinyara. Mercury zvishoma nezvishoma Kuchinja kubva mvura kuti gaseous ezvinhu. The maerekitironi dhumhana pamwe mekuri maatomu, atange kusunungurwa simba uye kwakanyanya nemwaranzi mune ultraviolet nharaunda. Chiedza chaibwinya nokuda phosphor zvemapuranga mukati girobhu racho. Mercury inongorira photons izvo fadza phosphorus maatomu, kuwedzera simba rayo maerekitironi. Kana maerekitironi kudzoka kutanga ezvinhu phosphorus maatomu tichiratidza chiedza simba.

electroluminescent marambi

Light akabuda mu electroluminescent mwenje imhaka kwemutemo ane zvemagetsi ichangobuda zvakananga kuburikidza phosphorus tubhokisi zvinhu pamwe mugumisiro asiri chafariz rokutendeutsa magetsi kuchiedza. Izvi rinoshandiswawo chiedza-emitting diodes (akatungamirira) uye chiedza Organic emitting diode (OLED). Electroluminescent marambi yakasiyana chiedza-emitting diodes kuti mumakore chiedza chaibwinya ari PN mhesano - panosangana pakati semiconductors maviri, uye panguva chiedza rekutanga chaibwinya pamusoro paiva activator.

Mukuru voltage rakatumbuka zvemagetsi iyezvino ari vakayambuka nhete paiva phosphorus kana semiconductor, chinoguma chiedza achine navo. Two akaturikidzana nezvishoma, rimwe riri yemvura noMweya, sokunge electrodes, uye phosphor upfu kana kondakita therebetween glows apo maerekitironi napo.

nharo nokuti

• Izvi chiedza mano ashumire makumi ezviuru nguva refu kupfuura incandescent marambi akagovera yakatsiga simba wedzerai pasina chinokosha voltage nokufamba uye Kuderedza uwandu inclusions. Kana electrodes kupisa panze uye chiwondomoke sezvamunoita chaiyo inodzivirira tungsten filament overheating uye kupa zvinoyerera kudzikama, izvo zvinoderedza upenyu nechiedza kunobva. girobhu racho rinoguma rima, uye mwenje blinks.
• Chiedza goho pamusoro fluorescent mwenje pa watt vanenge 3-4 nguva refu kupfuura incandescent Mabumba.
• Ivo dzinosiyana ruvara, avo anobuda chakarondedzera riri pedyo zuva.
• Vakapararira chiedza kubva pepasi girobhu racho pane tungsten filament.

nezvayakaipira

• The nekaupenyu kudhura.
• Fluorescent mwenje - anogona tsime ngozi, sezvo mumwe girobhu racho rine 5 MG pamusoro mekuri, ndiro chepfu chaizvo uye zvinogona kukuvadza utano uye zvakatipoteredza.
• Buditsa mwenje vane hanya yakaderera uye yakakwirira tembiricha. Havagoni anoshanda kutonhora pazasi -20 ° C, uye pamusoro +50 ° C.
• Nehanya mwando.
• On kunonoka, sezvo zvinotora nguva kuti anodziya mwenje.
• Kujairika nokuti chakarondedzera chiedza, zvichiguma kukanganisa ruvara. Flickering aine kakawanda kaviri mains maitikiro.

nzira dzekuziva nadzo sarudzo

1. chimiro uye miganhu. Glass hombodo uye cartridges zviri chaizvo yakasiyana parameters izvi. A zvakafanana chimiro fluorescent mwenje ndiyo yakarurama chubhu. dhayamita wayo vakawanda mumwe rechisere suduru. Saka, kukura rambi 1 padiki dhayamita - T8. Size yemakomo kubva T2 kuna T17. Compact fluorescent mwenje, sezvo mutemo, tora chimiro U-yakaumba zononoka. Chokwadi, chitarisiko haana kumbochinja rambi oparesheni, asi zononoka mapatani zvakawanda zvishoma zvinodhura nokuti zvakawanda zvakaoma kugadzira.

2. Start. Possible Starter yemagetsi kana remagetsi kutsigisa igwa.

3. Simba. It yemakomo kubva 3 kusvika 85 watts or. The luminous okuyerera incandescent mwenje ne 3-4 nguva kuvatumwa kuti fluorescent, saka kusarudza zvakakodzera simba zvinofanira inobva achida kupenya. Fluorescent mwenje ane simba akaenzana 25-30 W, kutsiva obychngye 100W magetsi. Yokutsiva 75-watt zvakakwana simba rokuponesa chiedza panobva 9 watts or. A fluorescent rambi ane simba riri 15 W, unogona kutsiva chinhu incandescent mwenje 60 watts or.

Table ukama luminous nekubudisa uye simba kudyiwa rakasiyana-siyana nemarambi kuchabatsira kunzwisisa zvose nuances.

4. Cap. Common marudzi vari:

• bhayoneti B;
• sikuruu (Edison) socle E;
• kuroora madziro kaviri-dzakaguma G.

Nhamba pashure tsamba kunoratidza dhayamita pamusoro chivharo mhando B kana E, kana kure pakati vokukurukura mu mm zvaro kutaipa G.

Kumboda mu chandeliers uye mwenje vanoshandisa chitsidzo fluorescent rambi ane E27 chawo dhayamita pamusoro 27 mm uye EPS E14 dhayamita 14 mm.

5. ruvara Light. It rinoenderana tembiricha dzomuviri dema zvichiratidza neumwe chromaticity. With kuwedzera tembiricha, zvitema chikamu chakarondedzera kuwedzera, uye kunoderedza tsvuku. Akayera mu kelvins. The kuzviitira kunzwa munhu achitarisa kuchiedza imwe ruvara, inonzi ruvara manyawi. The chikuru Ruvara chiedza runoenzanirana ruvara maonero:

• 2700 K - sverhtoply chena;
• 3000 K - Warm White chiedza;
• 3,500 K - chena chiedza;
• 4000K - chena chiedza chando;
• 5000 K uye zvakawanda - kwaedza.

6. Ruvara shanduro. Anoratidza sei dzinongoitika Kutarira akapoteredza zvinhu zviri lamplight. Akayera coefficient Ra ruvara. Light manyuko zvakaenzana chromaticity anogona kuva akasiyana ruvara kubereka nokuda rakasiyana chakarondedzera chiedza chaibwinya. Nokuti chiedza chezuva chinhu 100.

chokuguma

Vagadziri luminaires tara chigadzirwa nenzira dzakasiyana.

U.S. fluorescent Marambi kazhinji anozivikanwa template FxxTy, apo F anoreva mhando, The yokutanga nhamba XX (Engl fluorescent, luminescent.) - kana wattage kana urefu mu masendimita, T -form (Engl tubular, tubular.) Uye pakupedzisira, y nhamba - dhayamita pamusoro 1/8 padiki (3.175 mm).

Zvinotevera ndizvo tsamba ruvara:

• WW - Warm White, Warm White.
• CW - Cool White, Cool White.
• N - Zvenyika, kwazvakarerekera.
• D - Daylight, kwaedza.
• WWX - Deluxe Warm White, inodziya chena dzakakwirira ruvara neshanduro.
• CWX - Deluxe Cool White, inotonhorera chena rurefu ruvara shanduro.
• BLB - Blacklight, ultraviolet.

Panoperera kupenda akasarudzwa zvaidiwa mudziyo:

• RS - Rapid Start, kutsanya kutanga.
• IS - Instant Start, pakarepo kutanga.
• HO - High Output, mukuru kunyatsoshanda.

Hunhu fluorescent mwenje

Decorative chiedza General Electric Kanjera T2 9W ari asunungurwa pamwe nguwani E14 uye E27, mumwe aizviti luminous okuyerera 405 lumen, kudziya chena uye kwaedza ruvara tembiricha (2700 K uye 6500 K), 82 ruvara kushandura indekisi Ra. It rinoshandiswa chandeliers uye dzimwe chiedza Fixtures ane kuoneka girobhu racho mumakamuri, corridors uye lobbies ezvokutengeserana dzimba, hotels, maresitorendi, misha.

Philips zvigadzirwa

Tenzi TL-D 90 De Luxe - fluorescent rambi G13, T8, 93 ane ruvara neshanduro indekisi Ra8, mumwe ruvara tembiricha kuti 65000 K - inotonhorera masikati. Available mushanduro matatu:

• 18W / 965 1SL - 18 W fluorescent mwenje ane aizviti luminous okuyerera 1150 lumens uye aizviti luminous efficacy kuti 63,9 CM / W;
• 58W / 965 1SL - 58-watt chiedza manyuko ane aizviti luminous okuyerera 4550 lumens uye aizviti luminous efficacy kuti 77,8 CM / W;
• 36W / 965 1SL - 36 W fluorescent mwenje ane aizviti luminous okuyerera 2800 lumens uye aizviti luminous efficacy kuti 77,8 CM / W.

High ruvara neshanduro indekisi unokubvumira kuona vapfumi, luscious uye zviwanikwa mavara, iyo inoita rambi hunokosha muzvipatara, anodhinda zvitoro, runako Salons, mamiziyamu, hofisi wemazino uye zvitoro. Mwenje wakasiyana yepamusoro phosphor unhani kushandisa-bhendi matatu phosphor uye kushayikwa kuderedza jekeso pamwero rinenge rakazara.

Tenzi TL-D Xtreme 36W / 840 1SL - Fluorescent Lamp 36 watt simba, mbiri-mbambo, cool-chena ruvara ine ruvara shanduro indekisi 85 Ra8, munhu aizviti luminous okuyerera 3250 lumen kuvheneka goho chiso 90 CM / W. Its chinhu ndiwo wakawedzera upenyu basa 66 000 maawa, izvo zvinokosha kunzvimbo yakakwirira mutengo yokutsiva mwenje nokuda kureba mukamuri, kukanganisa basa, kana pane chiedza chiri pamusoro dzose nguva - iri tunnels, mafuta rigs, mune kuramba kugadzirwa.

Master PL-C 18W / 830 / 2P 1CT - kaviri apera fluorescent rambi 18-watt simba pamwe G24d-2-panosangana, kudziya chena ruvara 3000 K, mumwe indekisi ruvara kushandurwa 82 Ra8, munhu aizviti luminous okuyerera 1200 lumen, yavose sezvavakatarirwa luminous kushanda 67 CM / W. Rakagadzirirwa kungopa panhongonya chiedza pazvinhu establishments, Retail uye dzimba hofisi. Fluorescent rambi Philips Master Pl-C anoshandisa yepakutanga zambuko michina kuti inosimbisa Zvakanyanya Kunaka Panguva Yepamuviri chaitwa, nani nhau uye yakakwirira kunyatsoshanda. A maviri womuenzaniso une bvisika chawo uye rinoshandiswa EMPRA.

Energy-vakarongeka chiedza manyuko kubva Osram

Osram unobereka tsindirana fluorescent rambi 18 W DSST FCY 18 W / 825 E27 inodziya ruvara 2500 K, mumwe indekisi ruvara kushandurwa 80, mumwe luminous okuyerera 1050 lumens uye katuriji E27. The mudziyo anokwanisa kukurira zhinji kwazvo kutanga zvinogara - pamberi 1 Mill.

Osram Lumilux T9 C - 29 mm with katuriji ane annular rambi G10Q, yavose sezvavakatarirwa simba 22 W, ruvara tembiricha 2700 K, ruvara shanduro Indekisi 80-89, munhu aizviti luminous okuyerera 1350 lumens uye aizviti chiedza goho 61 CM / W. It rakagadzirirwa paruzhinji zvivako, maresitorendi, maindasitiri, zvitoro, muzvitoro, hotels. It kunoratidzwa kunyatsoshanda, hwakanaka chiedza wakanakisisa chiedza goho, kunyange chiedza pasina mimvuri. Akabvumira kupenya kuchinja.

L 36 W / 840-1 - 1 Linear mutinhimira mwenje, fluorescent, 36W, zvigadziko G13 nechigadziko, ruvara tembiricha kuti 4000 K, munhu aizviti luminous okuyerera 3100 lumens, 80 ruvara neshanduro indekisi Ra, kuti aizviti luminous kunyatsoshanda 86 CM / W. Rakagadzirirwa okuvimba kuti mabhazi.

Endura 70 W / 830 - electrodeless chiedza panobva Osram 70W, munhu yavose sezvavakatarirwa luminous okuyerera 6200 lumens inodziya chena ruvara tembiricha 3000 K, ruvara kushandura indekisi uye luminous 80-90 Ra 80 CM / W. Rinoshandiswa kuti mugero kuvheneka, zvinomera, migwagwa, mitambo zvikonzero. Dzinoratidzwa yakakwirira mukurumari (kusvika 100 000 h.), Kushanda zvakanaka, mukuru lumen goho, nguva imwe kutanga-up.

Electrodeless fluorescent rambi - zano umo zvinoyerera kunoitika pamatunhu-kakawanda remagetsi munda kunotangira iri rinobva cores pamusoro chinu. Magnetic kutamba basa chikuru ichitenderera pamusoro transformer, uye gasi kubuda - yechipiri. Zvinoitwa fluorescent mwenje yakadaro airarama sledyuschemu: mano vari kugadzikana, ivo refu nokuda asipo collapsing electrodes.

DSST Switch CL A 15 W / 827 E27 - fluorescent rambi simba 15 W, ari luminous okuyerera 870 lumen, kudziya chena chiedza tembiricha kuti 2700 K. Ko mukuru kunyatsoshanda nokuda ane otomatiki vanorega masikati. Mwari akaronga kuti kwokunze kushandisa chete.