Extrapyramidal maitiro: extrapyramidal zvirwere

extrapyramidal maitiro   - Neural Network nechepakati tsinga chisingazivi nomunyika corticospinal kana pyramidal hurongwa, asi, zvakadaro, inodzora uye chidhiraivho kufamba. Naizvozvo ndiko chikamu propulsion hurongwa. A Neural Network achiumbwa muuropi munzvimbo dzakadai pons uye medulla oblongata, akaramba ari musana.

Kunzi isina kunanga nzira activation kuti gwenya basa, extrapyramidal hurongwa anonyanya kubatanidzwa kudzora nepakati, kufambisa, mamiriro, tsandanyama matauriro, hunenge. Somuenzaniso, kana munhu akaedza kuramba mamiriro (iye anogara kana anomira), zvino panguva ino ari kwakarongeka basa yakawanda netsandanyama. Kufambisa Izvi pasi kunanga kudzora extrapyramidal makwara, dzinova vestibular-musana nzira tektospinalnogo turakiti reticulospinal turakiti uye rubrospinalnogo turakiti.

Pakuurayiwa Kushanduka extrapyramidal hurongwa ndiwo maitiro kupfuura kare kurovedza muviri, izvo Zvakaoma kutsanangura, muchidimbu nokuda nezvokupindira yawo chinoumba makwara uye dzinovaka zvishwe. Zvisinei, izvozvo zvinogona   Rakakamurwa zvitatu nehurongwa   Control: cortical kunanga, feedbacks uye kutarisana, auditory, vestibular anotenderera.

Anatomically extrapyramidal maitiro   Inoitwa masumbu Tutsinga tunofambisa mashoko utwu muuropi hunde, kusanganisira tsvuku musimboti, okumusoro anorovera quadrigemina, reticular inotungamirwa, vestibular neerekitironi. Large dzvuku neerekitironi axons vanoumba rubrospinalny turakiti, kubatsira kudzora kufamba okumusoro maoko nemakumbo. Vestibular nuclei chokuita munzeve, kuti cerebellum uye musana, nokudaro akaita vestibular-musana turakiti nokuda postural regulators mutsipa, musoro, mutumbi uye maoko nemakumbo. Upper anorovera quadrigemina zvinoumba tektospinalny turakiti kunokosha kuti unhu kufamba musoro uye maziso (sezvo fungiro kuvhara muviri vatorwa asati anopinda ziso). Pakupedzisira, kuti reticular inotungamirwa ndiye anokonzera turakiti reticulospinal munyaya tsandanyama kuzvidzora.

Zvimwe zvinhu kana zvirwere kunyatsobatsira pamusoro extrapyramidal hurongwa, kuitika kusagadzikana tsandanyama matauriro, mamiriro, dzepanguva zvirwere. A nezviratidzo zvinoverengeka, anonzi extrapyramidal zvinetso, kana extrapyramidal zviratidzo (EPS), akacherechedza somugumisiro zvinodhaka neuroleptic kuti ine zvainoita uropi uye ayo anotenderera. Antipsychotics anoshandiswa kurapa pfungwa zvinetso zvakadai schizophrenia, schizoaffective chirwere kana pfungwa.

Mienzaniso EBL - akinesia, akathisia, torticollis, dyskinesia, dystonia. By extrapyramidal Zvirwere zvinosanganisira "tsuro chirwere," akaratidza kakawanda involuntary mutinhimira kufamba perioral tsandanyama, izvo zviri kukonzerwa-refu yaunodya pamusoro neuroleptics. chirwere iri yemanyorero chokuita nokushandisa zvinodhaka zvakadai haloperidol, pimozide, fluphenazine, olanzopin, clozapine, risperidone-refu. Sezvineiwo, hazvisi nyore kurapa. Kana murwere anoda antipsychotic mishonga, anogona kukuudza atypical antipsychotics - kvetialin, remoxipride, negashiro chiri zvikuru kashoma kuti vave chikonzero "Tsuro chirwere".

Extrapyramidal chirwere kunokonzera involuntary kufamba pamusoro tsandanyama kana kurwadza kwacho chiso uye mutsipa. Inokudziridza kana kwemashoko neurotransmitter dopamine insufficiently inodzorwa. Munhu anogona vanotambura extrapyramidal chirwere somugumisiro akapiwa dzechimwe kukuvara uropi kana Parkinson, chirwere asi chikuru chikonzero ndiyo kukunakira kuti antipsychotic zvinodhaka. Treatment zvakakodzera, zvimwe ari kukanganisa pamusoro nguva huchawedzera kuoma. Treatment Kazhinji zvainanga kuzvizivisa uye kubvisa zvinokonzera.