Excretory nhengo mu mollusks. The nemamiriro dzemugungwa

Kune marudzi akawanda emhuka. Ichi uye flatworms, uye coelenterates, uye annelids, uye arthropods uye echinoderms uye chordates. The sainzi kuti anobata nokudzidza kwavo inonzi zvipenyu. Dzemugungwa - zvakare rimwe marudzi emhuka. Ivo ichakurukurwa munyaya ino. Panewo rinokosha bazi zvipenyu kuti vanodzidza boka mhuka. malacology akadana. A sainzi kuti anobata nokudzidza mollusc anoshongwa, - conchology.

A mukuru chinoratidza dzemugungwa

Vamiriri ichi mhando anonzi spineless. Vava siyana. Kuwanda kwemarudzi - vanenge 200 zviuru.

boka iri mhuka zvipuka zvine masero akawanda vari rakakamurwa makirasi sere:

• Bivalve.
• Warrior.
• Solenogastres.
• Caudofoveata.
• Monoplacophora.
• Gastropods.
• Musinga deko.
• Cephalopods.

The muviri yemhuka idzi hwakarongwa imwe uye ichocho. Next ichakurukurwa muudzame noruzhinji dzemugungwa.

nhengo nenyere nehurongwa

Dzemugungwa, uyewo mhuka dzakawanda zvipuka zvine masero akawanda, vari yakavakwa dzakasiyana siyana akamendwa inova chikamu nezviremera. Ekupedzisira, akavapindurawo, zvinoumba nenhengo dzawo.

Sechivako dzemugungwa rinosanganisira zvinotevera hurongwa:

• kweropa;
• tsinga uye pfungwa nhengo;
• mumatumbu;
• excretory;
• kufema;
• pabonde;
• muviri nezvifukidzo zvameso.

Ngatitorei navo kuitira.

kweropa maitiro

In mollusks iye Zarura mhando. Zvinosanganisira miviri yakadaro:

• mwoyo;
• midziyo.

Heart molluscs rinoumbwa zviviri kana zvitatu makamuri. Uyu ndomumwe ventricle rimwe kana maviri atria.

spineless ropa zhinji ine kujairika rinokwanisa kucheneruka ruvara. coloring Izvi zvinoita wake kufema ruvara hemocyanin, mu makemikari anoumba zvinosanganisira mhangura. fuma iyi ane basa rakafanana souya hemoglobin.

Ropa circulates mu molluscs sezvinotevera: kubva tsinga payo yakadururirwa magwanza anenge pakati pezvitunha - lacunae uye sinuses. Zvino zvakare zvinonzi inounganidzwa mumidziyo uye akapa kuna gills kana zvemapapu.

tsinga

In mollusks iye anouya mhando mbiri: manera uye vakapararira-raiva pedyo nebundu mhando.

First kuvakwa sezvinotevera: pane peripharyngeal mhete iyo nokurebesa ina dhiramu. Vaviri vavo innervate tsoka uye vamwe vaviri - mukati.

Tsinga kuti vapararire-raiva pedyo nebundu mhando zvikuru kuoma. Inoitwa vaviri vaviri vaviri Neural nematunhu. Two abdominal mhosva innervation pakati zvomukati, uye vaviri chitiviri - rutsoka. Vose yegwara nematunhu tsinga varipo nodes - ganglia. Kazhinji ndivo zvitanhatu majoko: buccal, chepfungwa, pleural, chitiviri, parietal uye visceral. The innervate tanga pharynx, wechipiri - the tentacles uye meso, wechitatu - jasi, uye wechina - gumbo, wechishanu - the kufema hurongwa, wechitanhatu - mumwe zvomukati.

pfungwa

Kune dzemugungwa miviri yakadaro, achivabvumira vawane ruzivo pamusoro kwezvakatipoteredza:

• tentacles;
• meso;
• statocysts;
• Osphradium;
• masero kutsinga dzinouya.

Meso uye tentacles dziri pamusoro wemhuka. Osphradium pedyo mujinga gills. Izvi makemikari pfungwa nhengo. Statocysts - nechiyero nhengo. Vari netsoka. masero kutsinga dzinouya vane basa pfungwa nokubata. Vari iri kumucheto nguvo, musoro uye gumbo.

alimentary maitiro

The nemamiriro clam anopa zvinotevera nhengo muturakiti racho:

• huro;
• yegurokuro;
• dumbu;
• midgut;
• hindgut.

Uyewo, chiropa aripo. In cephalopods , kunewo rwatata.

The kuvatungamirira munyoro-huro kune muviri unokosha vachikuya chikafu - radula. It wakafukidzwa meno kubva chitin, riri yoku- sezvo ngaakuyire wekare.

Excretory nhengo mu molluscs

ino ine neitsvo. Dzinonzi metanephridia. Excretory nhengo mu mollusks akafanana nevaya makonye. Asi vari vakaronga zvikuru kuoma.

Excretory nhengo mu mollusks somunhu akaita ichitenderera ferrous sepombi. Metanephridia mumwe mugumo anovhura kupinda coelomic bhegi, uye mumwe - kunze.

Excretory nhengo mollusks chinogona kuvapo zvakasiyana zvakawanda. Somuenzaniso, vamwe cephalopods vane chete metanephridia rimwe riri kurutivi rworuboshwe. In monoplacophora ari kuchengetwa zvakawanda 10-12 nhego yavaive.

In metanephridia dzemugungwa kuunganidza tsvina. Vari vanomiririrwa nemavhinga uric acid. Kubviswa muviri mhuka ivo ose maviri nhatu.

Uyewo chikamu excretory wemuTesitamende molluscs anganzi atria, izvo basa inonzwika apo ropa.

kufema maitiro

dzemugungwa zvakasiyana hunomiririrwa mitumbi siyana. Saka, vakawanda munyoro kuvatungamirira chipo gills. Vari anonziwo ctenidium. It aiwanzopiwa wokushanda zvakanaka feathery miviri. Ivo riri pasherufu mhango. In mollusks kuti vagare panyika, pachinzvimbo gills, pane chiedza. Chinhu dzakachinjwa jasi mhango. masvingo aro rakapinda ne tsinga.

Uyewo kune nzvimbo inokosha gasi Exchange anotora ganda mweya dzemugungwa.

dzokubereka nadzo

It dzinogona kurongwa munzira dzakasiyana-siyana, sezvo pane pakati clams vari hermaphrodites uye dioecious mhuka. Kana apo muchangosangana hermaphroditism mumwe nomumwe mabasa sezvo vose mukono nehadzi.

Saka isu akatarira vose nhengo mugadziriro dzemugungwa.

muviri zvifukidziro dzemugungwa

Sechivako maatomu akafanana izvi zvichisiyana mu vamiririri makirasi siyana.

Ngatimboonai kuti siyana kusarudza pakati integument, izvo vangava mienzaniso dzemugungwa, mhuka kuti nhengo imwe kirasi.

Saka, muna solenogastres uye caudofoveata nemikombe kupa jasi anofukidza muviri wose, ane cuticle rine glycoproteins. Uyewo chipo spicules - a mhando tsono, iyo ine madota.

In bivalves, gastropods, cephalopods, uye musinga goko monoplakfor ndisipo cuticle. Asi pane goko, chine rimwe ndiro kana mbiri zvakaitika bivalve. Vamwe mapoka dzekirasi gastropods chikamu ichi chisipo machira.

Features deko mamiriro

Inogona kukamurwa zvitatu akaturikidzana: wokunze, pakati uye rwomukati.

Chokunze Chikamu goko anogara kuvakwa kubva Organic makemikari. Kakawanda zviri conchiolin. The chete anosiiwa mutemo uyu anogona kunzi Crysomallon squamiferum mollusk mukirasi gastropods. Zvinonzi yokunze goko rukoko rinoumbwa ferrum sulfides.

The pakati Chikamu clam goko chinoumbwa columnar calcite.

Internal - bwendefa calcite.

Pano zvatakurukura zvakadzama sechivako molluscs.

mhedziso

To muchidimbu muchidimbu mikuru zvomukati nenyere mugadziriro dzakapfavirira kuvatungamirira vari patafura. Kutipawo mienzaniso molluscs kuva makirasi siyana.

Zvino funga vamiririri makirasi Clams uye zvinoitwa maumbirwo zvavo siyana.

Pano isu amutsvaka STRUCTURAL zviri huru vamiririri mhando dzemugungwa.