Chii mhuka mbiri-chambered mwoyo? Mamiriro uye kutenderera

Blood kufamba munyama pamuviri inoda kuti pombi imwe mhando, basa iro basa mwoyo tsandanyama. In nyore zvipenyu, yakadai nehonye uye chordates, nhengo iyi vasipo, uye nemamiriro kweropa ezvinhu - chindori wakapfigwa. Hove vane mbiri-chambered mwoyo anomhanyira ropa kuburikidza neropa midziyo kumativi ose muviri, achivapa mukana oxygen, zvokudya uye kusunungura kubva kupanana zvigadzirwa, achivanunura kuti maberekero akakwirira.

Sezvo kutenderera yakatanga

The kweropa Hurongwa - ndiyo nheyo upenyu vakawanda zvipenyu. Kuti kukwanisa kuzadzisa mabasa ayo, ropa anofanira kuramba kutenderedza yose muviri. Zvokukura Kugadzirwa ropa hurongwa zvinonyatsooneka kana tichifunga zvemwoyo maumbirwo hove, amphibians, nezvinokambaira uye neshiri dzedenga.

1. Hove dziri ine utsinye nemhuka imwe namahwindo kweropa hurongwa. Vane mbiri-chambered mwoyo uye vasina kufamba kweropa.
2. Amphibians uye zvinokambaira vari vaviri kuparadzirwa, mwoyo yavo rakakamurwa zvitatu makamuri. The anosiyiwa ndivo makarwe.
3. In shiri, vanhu nemhuka zhinji muviri kupomba ropa, kunomiririrwa makamera mana, uye kweropa gadziriro - madenderedzwa maviri.

Cardiac tsandanyama zvibvumirano uye propels ropa kuburikidza arteries, izvo vanokamurwa mumidziyo zvidiki uye wakanyatsokodzera zvose nzvimbo muviri. Pashure, achipa okisijeni uye anobatsira zvinhu kare ropa midziyo, anonzi mutsinga, uye anodzoka shure yemwoyo.

Sei mwoyo chinoshanda hove

Mhuka mbiri-chambered mwoyo, inowanzonzi kunzi ine utsinye. Ndivo vamiriri hove uye amphibian mazana. Maererano nokutsvakurudza zvipenyu akadzidza kukura kweropa ezvinhu, zviri pachena kuti pakutanga muviri renguva swinging chakawanikwa hove. Izvi ine utsinye vane mbiri-chambered mwoyo, akabvuma kuti atrium uye ventricle vharafu gadziriro. Kweropa hurongwa unoumba chimwe chidimbu denderedzwa, vakadzingirira venous ropa.

Ropa kubva pombi kunoita kuburikidza capillaries ari gills apo oxygenated uye anozadza pangagara. Next iri kuparadzirwa kwayo capillaries riri nyama dzomuviri, uye saturation yavo yakachena. Zvadaro anoenda kuna mutsinga pasina okisijeni uye anodzokera mwoyo bhegi iri pamusoro pavo.

mamiriro

hove chinyakare kunge mbiri-chambered mwoyo, iyo conventionally rakakamurwa muzvikamu zvina:

• kuti chidimbu chokutanga - navamwe, inonzi venous sinus, riri basa kugamuchira ropa okisijeni uyo akapa muviri;
• kuti chidimbu rechipiri rine atrium pamwe mavharuvhu;
• wechitatu chidimbu akadana ventricle;
• kuti chidimbu rwechina kutsemuka cône pamwe mavharuvhu akawanda, izvo pumps ropa munzvimbo peritoneal yeropa.

Kana ropa asiya mwoyo, chinoita pamusoro gills, iyo yakazara okisijeni uye runoyerera munzvimbo musana yeropa, kubva iyo kuparadzirwa vose nyama dzomuviri.

Yakakwirira-kuti hove zvikamu zvose hazvina iri chete mutsetse, asi chimiro tsamba S, apo okupedzisira zvikamu zviviri zviri kumusoro vaviri vokutanga. maumbirwo kudaro kuri mumashoko shwashwa uye Crossopterygii hove. Vamiririri mhou dzinosiyana simba infundibulum, iyo kazhinji se chikamu yeropa, uye kwete pamusoro pomwoyo.

Description Hove mwoyo

Zvichienzaniswa pano vertebrate mwoyo hove diki uye simba. uremu Its zvichisiyana 0.3 kusvika 2,5% kurema muviri. Nokuda simba achidzikisa nevamwe midziyo iri simba. Nokuda kuti unhu hove dzakadai vanokwanisa vapone dzechando utsinye pamwe icing at. Panguva ino, mwoyo hove rinomira kurova, uye kana defrosting rutapudzo idzva, uye ropa anotanga kutenderedza kuburikidza nomuviri, vaiuya nehove kubva kuhwanda.

basa iri kweropa ino nokuti hove dziri chinjikira mararamiro uye kurarama nemvura, saka hapana chikonzero kuzvisimudza aibuda ropa uye kurwa negiravhiti.

Zvinoumba hematopoiesis nehove

Mumuviri, nehove kubereka masero eropa akawanda nhengo:

• gills;
• ari intestinal mucosa;
• epithelium uye mwoyo midziyo;
• itsvo uye chirwatata;
• rwengarava ropa;
• lymphoid nhengo, nyama uye kroveobrazuyuschimi aumba pasi kavha cranium.

Fish ropa rine matsvuku masero ane musimboti pakati. Nhasi anozivikanwa maitiro zvaimiririra mapoka ropa 14.

Ndivanaanizve maviri-chambered mwoyo

With yezwi mhuka yenyika upenyu siyana uye nokuumbwa zvavo mapapu, tsandanyama uye achinja mwoyo midziyo. Kuoma sangano yemhuka uye mwoyo miviri-yokuvata yakashandurwa kuva katatu uye Quad. Kuumba wechipiri makopi, uye mwoyo tsandanyama kupomba chakava kwete chete venous asi arterial ropa.

Sezvo hwokuti mhuka akatanga upenyu kubva mumvura, masayendisiti atungamirire nzendo kubereka vana amphibians, kuti mazana zvacho zviviri-chambered mwoyo, uye avo kweropa hurongwa kwakafanana nehove.

In vakuru, zvinoita munhu-chambered matatu mwoyo, uko kunomiririrwa maviri atria uye ventricles. Amphibians ndivo mhuka vokutanga umo maiva kutenderera wechipiri.

Oxygenated ropa kubva mapapu uye ganda rinoungana mu atrium kuruboshwe uye akaparadzaniswa pedyo partition kubva nokusanganisa pamwe venous, iyo anopinda kurudyi atrium.

Kupindura mubvunzo pamusoro chii mhuka kuti mbiri-chambered mwoyo, tinogona zvakanaka kutaura kuti vanhu vakuru nomuviri wakadaro hwaponeswa chete nehove uye amphibians - mune larval danho.