Federal mamiriro mitemo edzidzo. The yeUnited chezvinonhuwira ehurumende edzidzo mureza

Federal Hurumende mitemo yedzidzo kuva zvinodiwa chaizvo rokudzidzisa. Vane fanira kuti vakadzidza masangano unongotaura. Uyezve ongorora muudzame chii chinodiwa yeUnited mamiriro mitemo edzidzo.

tsananguro

Zvinodiwa Federal mamiriro edzidzo mureza zvinoshandawo zvinenge zvose pakudzidzisa mabasa muRussia. Kusvikira 2009, ari mashoko mitemo kushandisa zita siyanei. It zvaishaikwa shoko "batana". State mitemo edzidzo anoshanda kumasangano pamwe nehurumende accreditation. Kusvikira 2000, zvikoro vaifanira zvinoenderana shoma kugutsikana nenhanho chokudzidzisa kudzidza nechimwe sandara uye specialization.

nhoroondo mashoko

1 The zvinodiwa yedzidzo yeUnited mamiriro vakagamuchirwa muna 1992. Izvi zvakaitika kuna chinyorwa kuMudzidzisi Act. Article 7 yakatsaurirwa kuna GEF zvachose. Federal State Educational Standard chepakutanga shanduro rakagamuchirwa kubva Supreme Council. Nezvokumutswa kuitwa urongwa iyi repealed muna 1993, bumbiro remutemo kwegore. Bvumidza kuti nokuiswa yeUnited wehurumende mureza edzidzo hwakatamisirwa Executive miviri. hurumende yeRussia aronga muitiro, maererano iyo mirau iyi vaizoendeswa. Zvinofanira kucherechedzwa kuti Supreme Council kuti nguva yose kukodzera kushandisa mitemo uye kuti havana kufarira. Maererano Edward Dneprova, nekubatwa Mutemo wakagadziridzwa wokuita chezvematongerwe akaikanda shure - kurutivi Unitarianism mu pedagogy. Ivo haabatanidzi izvozvo se "nyika-remunharaunda zvinoriumba '. Izvi zviri kuitika zvinogona kurondwa kunyanya kwakarongwa, kubvumirwa muna 1993. By 1996 fung Standardization dzidzo yakawedzera zvinooneka. Izvi zvave zvimwe kurwisa pazuva pakudzidzisa nharaunda. Kusafarirwa fakaroti akaratidza panguva iyoyo iri muchimiro kuramwa uye kuratidzira.

The rokutanga reShanduro

Muna 1992, sezvo kare ambotaurwa, gwaro mutemo yakazokudziridzwa. The yeUnited chezvinonhuwira ehurumende edzidzo mureza maererano nayo yaisanganisira zvinhu zvishanu:

• Musha mukirasi mutoro (kunonyanyisa zvinobvumidzwa).
• Zvinodiwa Kuti huru zviri dzidzo zvirongwa.
• Kuwanikwa nezvinangwa dzidzo padanho rimwe nerimwe kudzidza.
• Zvinodiwa kuti ufanane kurovedza vana kudzidza kubva yakasiyana chikoro mumatunhu.
• Mitemo pamusoro zvemupiro hwekudzidza.

Nokupesvedzera vatsigiri pasi-yakarongeka nzira Magazini iyi inini deformation wevatariri kubva wesangano rinomirira komiti Supreme Council. Somugumisiro chinoumba ehurumende mitemo yeUnited rokudzidzisa zvakanzi wakaderedzwa kusvika 3-chikamu chimiro:

• Fanira Minimum zviri inowanzoshandiswa curricula.
• Kufadza zvinobvumidzwa mutoro vadzidzi.
• Zvinodiwa gadziriro yacho akapedza dhigiri (mu iyi kureva tsime uye misa chepuraimari chikoro).

Somugumisiro nyaya. 7, zvinotevera pfungwa zvabviswa:

• Rokuti chipfuro.
• Zvinodiwa Kuti mashoko kugutsikana kushandiswa nokurovedza zvikuru zvirongwa vakatsiviwa ne "fanira zvishoma" - mureza mazita pasi nyaya.
• Pfungwa muganhu kutakura, izvo, chokwadi, haana kuenzana kufadza.
• Zvinodiwa kuti zvinhu zviri rokudzidzisa muitiro.

dzemunharaunda IN

Federal mamiriro mwero dzidzo yepamusorosoro edzidzo kunodiwa kushandisa zvinenge zvose mumayunivhesiti ose Russian Federation. Ava vanosanganisira vaya vakagamuchira mamiriro accreditation. Maererano Federal Mutemo "On MSU. Lomonosov Moscow State University uye St. Petersburg State University" uye Federal Mutemo "On Education", Moscow uye St. Petersburg mumayunivhesiti uye mumakoreji pamwe category "yeUnited" kana "nyika pakutsvakurudza" uye nemamwe masangano dzidzo, izvo nyora kunotenderwa chirevo President vari kodzero kutanga uye kushandisa mitemo yavo yedzidzo panguva dzose kwevari BO. Izvi zvinopa mitemo havagoni kuva kuvatumwa munazvo.

zvinangwa

Federal Hurumende mitemo dzidzo yakagadzirirwa nechokwadi:

• Kubatana Russian pedagogical nzvimbo.
• The chamazuva huru zvidzidzo zvose zvedzidzo.
• dzidzo yokunamata neyetsika uye kubudirira.

Federal State Educational Standard anogadza nguva kwemutemo vakawanda uye yekosi kurovedzwa maererano dzavo dzakasiyana siyana pedagogical nzira uye ruzivo, uyewo zvinoitwa vamwe Mapato yevadzidzi.

mabasa

Zvichienderana nezvinodiwa, izvo zvinosanganisira Federal State Educational Standard, anopa:

• The sangano dzadzidza kwacho nemasangano kuti pave inokosha urongwa maererano nemirau, zvisinei kuzviisa pasi dzavo uye sangano-pamutemo chimiro.
• Kuronga Kurovedza pre-zvinokosha zvirongwa.
• Development zvidzidzo dzidzo, mabhuku makosi, uyewo richiona uye Kuyerwa mashoko.
• Kuronga mirayiro rubatsiro rwemari mabasa dzidzo nemasangano edzidzo. Izvi zvinosanganisira, kunyanya vaya izvo vaite Implementation cheHurumende mitemo yeUnited rokudzidzisa.
• Kuzvidzora uye zvaidiwa zvokudya Mutemo cherechedzo.
• Patinoita zvenguva uye yokupedzisira advertising.
• Construction marongedzero munyika richiona nezvezvabuda kunaka dzidzo iri sangano iri rokudzidzisa.
• Sangano nezvebasa rokudzidzisa mapoka.
• Certification vadzidzisi uye vashandi pamusoro Kutarisirwa zvakanaka uye gadziriro matunhu neminisiparati uye ehurumende nemasangano edzidzo.
• Sangano kurovedza uye kudzidzisazve, uye yemhando kurovedza.

mamiriro

Zvinoenderana Federal Law yaDecember 1, 2007, mumwe mureza zvinosanganisira mhando nhatu zvinodiwa:

• By migumisiro kukura nokudzidziswa kosi chinokosha.
• Mamiriro ezvinhu pasi iyo inopfuura Kuzadziswa musimboti kwakarongwa, kusanganisira mari, vashandi, logistics uye zvichingodaro.
• By sechivako chikuru hweutungamiri.

Somugumisiro, Võ vanofanira ndinoumba mudzidzi nyanzvi uye netsika kugona zvayo.

Kushandiswa mitemo iri kudzidza

The Implementation nerimwe sangano Federal mureza rokudzidzisa yaifanira pamusoro dzinokosha rokudzidzisa chirongwa (OOP). Chinosanganisira purogiramu, kwakarongwa, kushanda schema zvinhu, vanotongwa, makosi uye zvimwe zvinhu, uyewo rokudzidzisa nokuongorora zvinhu.

nguva

Federal State Educational Standard muna 2004 ndiyo tsika dzomuzana chizvarwa kungopa dzidzo rwakazara. Zvadaro, mumwe nomumwe pamwero yedzidzo muitiro vanotenderwa mirayiro yaro. (. 1 kusvika 4 masero) Saka, nokuda zvepuraimari vakatorwa muna 2009 kuti muvhu (5-9 cl-.) - muna 2010. Federal State Educational Standard mid-pamwero (mamakisi 10-11) akabvumirwa muna 2012. The zvinodiwa kuti nyanzvi kudzidziswa rokutanga chizvarwa matanho akatorwa muna 2000. Standards 2nd chizvarwa vakanga nezvezvandaifanira kuwana vadzidzi unyanzvi, mano uye ruzivo. Vaiti kubva 2005. chechitatu-chizvarwa dziridzo dzinogamuchirwa kubva 2009. Maererano navo, dzidzo yepamusoro vadzidzi, sezvo yave akati, ndiko kutanga unyanzvi nyanzvi uye mukuru tsika.

nyanzvi nokudzidziswa mitemo

Kusvikira 2000, hurumende akashandisa chete mureza nenyanzvi yepamusoro dzidzo. Rakazoshandiswa Hurumende chisarudzo 1994. mureza Izvi kunoyerwa:

• Sechivako nemazvo dzidzo yepamusoro murwiyo magwaro ayo.
• General mirayiro iri mudzidzi pokuwanda kwebasa uye inzwi rayo.
• Dzinokosha Mitemo rokunyora mazita unyanzvi (mirayiridzo).
• Zvinodiwa Kuti zvirongwa zvinokosha dzidzo nounyanzvi dzidzo yepamusorosoro, uyewo avo ezvinhu mashandisiro.
• Pava maronga uye kutenderwa zvinodiwa kuti sandara uye shoma zviri akapedza kudzidzisa maererano zvakananga unyanzvi (mirayiridzo).
• Mitemo kudzoreka pamusoro zvaidiwa zvinodiwa ehurumende zvaanoda yekosi yepamusoro dzidzo.

In mumwe dzakagadzirirwa (munda yokudzidza), vakagamuchirwa neHurumende zvinodiwa shoma kugutsikana uye pamwero kugadzirira vadzidzi.

chizvarwa chitsva zvinodiwa

Sezvo 2013th, maererano nomutemo inodzora zvinhu rokudzidzisa iri Russian Federation, vakagamuchirwa muna 2012, zvinofanira kubvumirwa maererano nezvinodiwa ino nguva. Urongwa uhwu chinoenderana curricula dzidzo yepamusorosoro. Zvikurukuru, ichi rinoshanda kunyanya kune kugadzirira nesayenzi uye pedagogical vashandi. Uyezve, mumwe Federal State Educational Standard kuenda kukireshi pamwero.

Development zvinodiwa

Inogona kuitwa maererano zvese ounyanzvi hwokugadzira matanho, kugadzirira nzira unyanzvi. Standards kudzidzisa zvinhu zvinogona kutsiviwa nevatsva kanenge kamwe pamakore gumi. Federal zvinodiwa dzidzo kungopa hanya yakatanga zvinoenderana kwevari yedzidzo muitiro nokuti nounyanzvi - ne basa (mirayiridzo). In paumbwe yokupedzisira inorangarira kuMudzidzisi zvokudya. Development zvinodiwa yeUnited yedzidzo rinoitwa kufungisisa refu uye kukurumidza zvinofarirwa munzanga, munhu wacho uye nyika yose, ayo kuzvidavirira uye kuchengeteka. Kana izvi kufungwa uye kudiwa kukura nesayenzi, tsika, ano uye engineering, zveupfumi kwezvivako. GEF budiriro rinoitwa munzira chairayirwa akakodzera mitemo yacho Russian Federation. Zvikurukuru, basa rinoitwa maererano zvokudya wedare urongwa mabasa uye mabasa kuti matunhu neminisiparati kana nehurumende zvinodiwa. Standards nokuti nyanzvi yepamusoro dzidzo kukudziridza zvedzidzo-yakarongeka kuwadzana mumayunivhesiti mune zvatichakurukura (unyanzvi). Drafting akatumira reBazi Redzidzo uye Science of Russian Federation. It anoisa navo yepamutemo yepaIndaneti wokuzokurukurazve. Zvinonzi akapindwa vamiririri akakodzera miviri Executive, zvesayenzi uye dzidzo nemunharaunda, taura uye munharaunda mapoka kushanda yedzidzo uye nemamwe masangano. Uyezve zvirongwa vanosangana yakazvimirira kuongorora.

ongororo

Uchimutarira gwaro mitemo rinoitwa mukati memazuva 14 okutambirwa. Kuongorora zviri kuitwa:

• Masangano ose neruzhinji basa redzidzo, nevarikutonga mitumbi mudunhu Russia. Ivo kuita tinyatsonzwisisa gwaro mitemo kungopa mamaneja.
• Vashandirwi 'Shamwari uye masangano, izvo vaite mabasa avo akakodzera zvoupfumi sectors. zvivako izvi zviri kuongororwa zvirongwa zvinodiwa kuti dzakakwirira, yechipiri uye chikuru yekosi dzidzo.
• Bazi Defense nemamwe miviri Executive, umo basa rechiuto inowaniswa noMutemo. Vakaita kuongorora mitemo venguva zvayo, yechipiri yekosi dzidzo munzvimbo chokuita nekugadzirira vagari kugara kuhondo.

Maererano nemigumisiro kuzvimirira kupima mhedziso wakavhomorwa. Zvinonzi akatuma kudzokera reBazi Redzidzo uye Science. Nyanzvi mafungiro anofanira chasainwa musoro sangano, ari evaluator, kana munhu mvumo yokuita kudaro. All zvirongwa, zvaakacherechedza uye migumisiro yacho kuongorora zvinokurukurwa ne Board of Ushumiri. Akasarudza kuti varumbidze navo kana kuti mashoko kana dzokororo. Projects nezvimwe vanogona kurambwa. Pashure paizvozvo, Bazi Science uye Dzidzo iri kutora yayo kusarudza panyaya chero kutevedzerwa. Changes kana kugadziriswa akaita saizvozvo sezvo Chokwadi, chaiwo nyore mirau.

In mhedziso

The itsva Federal State Educational Standard pamusoro 2014 akapinda simba pazuva rokutanga January. Zvinofanira kuitwa mitemo zvavo iri nokudzorwa Rules okukura uye kufarirwa. Ivowo, wakatorwa pana ufanane RF Government. The zvinodiwa itsva anoshanda nhasi uye kuti dzidzo kuenda kukireshi. Vari kwakavakirwa wandei zvinotaurwa anokosha dzateyiwa. Nokudaro, Federal State Educational Standard muna 2014 nechinangwa:

• Rutsigiro kusiyana, pakuchengetedza kukosha uye yokusiyana uduku somumwe anokosha zvokukura emunhu.
• Humanistic, ukama mudzidzi-Virtual ari mukuru (mubereki kana mumiririri wepamutemo, kudzidzisa mudonzvo kana mushandi ane sangano) uye mwana.
• Vasinganyatsooni ehurumende chirongwa muchimiro akakodzera vana nerimwe chaiyo zera boka, kunyanya muchimiro mitambo, yokutsvakurudza zvishande basa, rokusika basa uye zvichingodaro., Kupa unyanzvi uye aesthetic kukura.
• Kutsigira kuremekedza mwana.

Zvinangwa yeUnited mitemo ndeinotevera:

• Kusimudzira munzanga dzidzo pre-kuchikoro uye zvokurera.
• Nechokwadi mikana yakaenzana vana vose vane dzidzo yepamusoro.
• Kuchengetedza kubatana Russian pedagogical nzvimbo munzvimbo iyi.
• Urongwa ehurumende chivimbiso chakasimba chekuchengetedzwa unhu uye pamwero dzidzo pre-kuchikoro nemhaka kuvimbika fanira pamutemo zvinodiwa nezvaiva kwakarongwa Implementation, avo mamiriro, uyewo migumisiro pakukura kwavo.

New Federal Specification iri dzakanangana nekugadzirisa zvinotevera mabasa:

• Kutsigira uye kudzivirira hwepfungwa uye utano mwana, ake dzakagadzikana.
• Nechokwadi mikana yakaenzana pokugara chiitiko vanoenda kukireshi nguva, zvisinei kuti murume kana mukadzi, nzvimbo dzokugara, mutauro, rudzi, Soc. chinzvimbo, psycho-vasiri nezvimwe zvinhu (kuvapo urema kunyanya).
• Kubatana dzidzo uye kurovedza mugomba chete mutoo, muitiro rinoitwa pahwaro socio-tsika, tsika uye, mitemo akabvuma uye dzemunharaunda mufambiro munzanga.
• Kutanga yakanaka zvakatipoteredza kukura mwana maererano nezera rake uye munhu mafungiro nemano.
• Anotsigira pfungwa uye pedagogical dzemhuri, uyewo zvinomutsa vazive vabereki kana vamiririri pamutemo mune utano kusimudzirwa, kudzivirirwa uye dzidzo yevana.