EU nomurayiro RoHS - chii?

Pari nyika munharaunda zvikuru uye yakawanda zvezvakatipoteredza. By kusvetuka uye miganhu ndiyo pave michina mitsva, migodhi, pakugadzirisa munzvimbo murenje uye makomo. Zvisinei, pamwe zvinhu zvakanaka chokuita zvakananga kudzokera kwavo zvinhu zvisingafadzi: kushatiswa kwezvakatipoteredza, kutsakatika kasvisto uye miti nemhuka zvakazonaka, kuparadzwa kwemasango, ozone kuparadzwa, Kuparadzwa dzisiri renewable zviwanikwa , uye zvichingodaro. All izvi zvingatema inokanganisa upenyu hwevanhu uye utano, uye vazukuru vake. Kuti adzivirire akasara rwokuzvarwa upfumi, uyewo pre-empt kuti kwaita-siyana zvinouraya uye zvakakomba zvirwere chokuita zviitiko ano, nyika vanowanzotevedzera ezvidzidzo kurambidzwa pakushandisa zvinhu zvinokuvadza muviri mupenyu. Mumwe nhungamiro idzi ndiwo chisarudzo RoHS. Chii uye chii mhando yebasa rinoshandiswa - zvinotsanangurwa munyaya ino.

Kurambidzwa pamusoro Ngozi Zvinhu

Muna July 2006, pamusangano unotevera of European Union Member States nomurayiro yave akasaina, maererano iyo zvehurumende kushandisa zvimwe zvinoumba kukura zvigadzirwa kana magetsi. Chisarudzo ichi rinozivikanwa RoHS. Chii ichi zvinoreva decipher? Kurambidzwa pakati Ngozi Zvinhu - ndiro yakazara wenyaya nomurayiro. Mutsara uyu rinoshandurwa se "Kungorambidza pamusoro Ngozi Zvinhu." Zvinofanira kucherechedzwa kuti mutemo uyu haasi rokutanga rwayo. It chete kwakazadziswa inoramba ichingowedzera nhamba magwaro yokudzora kuti michina mitsva zvinogamuchirika kuti zvakatipoteredza. The kwokutanga Mutongo, izvo rinoshandisa mukurwa nokuda wakachena yepasi, kwave European Union kuti WEEE murayiro. VaSia chidimbu inomira zvose Waste kubva Electrical uye Electronic Equipment, izvo zvinoreva kuti "Waste Electrical uye Electronic Equipment." Nokukurumidza akawedzera gwaro RoHS. Kuti chisarudzo ichi ichava yakakurumbira uye kuwana rubatsiro, kwete chete muna Europe asiwo kure nemiganhu yayo, zvakaoma kudavira. Zvisinei, panguva iyoyo, nemhaka zviyero dzakatorwa mumunda mutemo munyika vari kurwira nyika zvipenyu nezvakazvipoteredza mwero uye kushandisa mitema ruzivo.

Kubviswa ngozi zvinhu: matanhatu "kwete"

RoHS gwaro constrains kushandiswa matanhatu zvinhu zvinorondedzerwa pazasi.

1. Lead. In makemikari nguva nenguva ino, maatomu akafanana izvi anonzi Pb. Lead ndechimwe chezvinhu zvinhu zvinokuvadza, dzinoparadza zvinosuruvarisa zvipenyu. The soro wevasungwa uyu zvokunyama uye yeimwe ake kuitawo chigadzirwa haafaniri kupfuudza 0.1% yose inowanwa.
2. Cadmium. Its Latin rokuti - Cd. The chikamu muzana zviri maatomu akafanana izvi hazvifaniri kupfuudza 0.01 uremu chikamu yose.
3. Mercury. Uyu fuma ngozi uye rinoreva nesimbi iri periodic table anotaurwa sezvo HG. Kunonyanyisa wevasungwa izvi zvinhu hazvigoni kuva kudarika 0.1%.
4. Zvinodiwa Similar vari nemekiyuri uye hexavalent chromium (Kr + 6). By pezvawakaita, nefuma ane oxidizer simba uye zvikuru chepfu zvokuvakisa.
5. Uyezve, imwe chepfu chaizvo remubatanidzwa ane bromine (Br), sezvo polybrominated biphenyls.
6. Polybrominated diphenyl ethers. Kazhinji zvinhu izvi (5 uye 6) rakashandiswa zvemagetsi ruzivo kwakadaro zvinhu zvisingachinji nokukurumidza kuvesa. The kunonyanyisa wevasungwa neimwe izvi zvinhu havafaniri kupfuudza 0.1% yose inowanwa.

Chido kuvandudza nyika

Chokwadi, mutemo wokushandiswa pamusoro zvinhu anotevera zvimwe zvinangwa. Kana kushandisa zvimwe benign uye vakachena makemikari vaitungamirira vagadziri kuchochora maximum:

• kuderedza kusvibiswa uye kuparadzwa dzairamba dzichiitika zvoutachiona membranes paNyika;
• apikise pangava chepfu ari pamusoro zvinhu, uye izvozvo anotevera kubva ichi uye kudzivirira utano zvinetso vanhu vanoshandisa kana kushanda zvinorwarisa zvemagetsi kana midziyo yemagetsi.

For Electronics vagadziri

zvido waaniko vanokanganiswa nokuda vakagamuchirwa gwaro RoHS? Kuti ichi Mutongo chakatsigirwa, uye kunze Europe - hakushamisi. Kutaura zvazviri, nyika dzakawanda dziri exporters nhumbi kuti mundima Union. Naizvozvo, kuti kubvumirwa kuti European kumusika, zvemagetsi kana nemagetsi zvinhu zvinofanira kusangana kuwedzerwa dzezvakatipoteredza zvinodiwa. Kana nhumbi dziri yakachengeteka zvachose, zviri pfekai Chikwata RoHS ateerere, zvinoreva "rinoita zvinodiwa RoHS Directive."

Zvose tichigara

Saka, maererano zvinorondedzerwa gwaro, magetsi kana yemagetsi zvokushandisa yatinoshandisa muupenyu hwezuva nezuva, tinofanira zvinoenderana zvipenyu nezvakazvipoteredza kuchengeteka. Saka, RoHS piritsi haafaniri zvine vatungamirire adhesions nezvimwe zvinokuvadza zvinhu. Izvi zvinoshandawo dzakasiyana-siyana midziyo uye zvinoshandiswa, chiedza hurongwa, matoyi, otomatiki Fixtures, zvemagetsi uye yemagetsi zviridzwa uye zvichingodaro. Pari, Vagadziri Sevamiririri fodya uye fodya ari Kuteerera gwaro iri. Kazhinji mashoko okuti "yemagetsi RoHS mudzanga» anogona kuwanikwa muzvitoro. chikamu ichi nhumbi, kunyange haisi zvachose chisingakuvadzi (nokuda pamberi nechikakananda), asi akati kushaya zvakashandiswa kusika chigadzirwa, ngozi uye noxious zvinhu.