Estonian uwandu hwevanhu uye dzinza sezvamunoita

In mamiriro depopulation Estonia ari muzvina remakore. Vamwe demographers akafembera mhedziso kutsakatika munyika makore zana: chizvarwa nomumwe Estonians zvikuru sparse kupfuura yaimbovapo, ichi acharamba. Muono uyu tariro haisi kukwanisa changu mashoko wevanotungamirira nhamba kwegore. The yakanaka emuchina, asi tichiregeredza vashandi. Kunyange zvazvo zviremera zvakatanga akavimbisa European Union zvayo mutsa, asi Estonian muvanhu anoda kukura tichiregeredza zvemo vanhu uye kwete kufara mutsika vatorwa. Estonians vanonyatsoziva vavakidzani - Latvians uye Lithuanians, vane nhamba akaderedzwa, zvakare.

Baltic wevanotungamirira dambudziko

Kuwanda chavagari pakati Lithuania, Latvia uye Estonia akatanga kuramba pamwe Soviet Union. Okupedzisira makumi nemashanu yokuva chete nzvimbo iri European Union haana kubatsira vachiwedzera vemunyika.

vanogara Estonia muna 1991 rakanga kuderedzwa gumi muzana, Latvia - Twenty-matanhatu muzana, Lithuania --maviri matatu muzana:

• Estonia, 1991 - 1561 mamiriyoni / 2016 - mamiriyoni 1316;
• Latvia, 1991. - 2658 miriyoni / 2016 - mamiriyoni 1900;
• Lithuania, 1991. - 3700 miriyoni / 2016 - 2800 miriyoni.

Kuti tinzwisise kuti pane wevanotungamirira Vakaomerwa, unofanira kufunga zviyero zviviri: chii yepanyama mubereko kana kurasikirwa nevanhu, kureva, nhamba yokuberekwa nokufa, uyewo padanho yokutama.

Izvi yemagazini Latvia, Lithuania uye zvokuEstonia kunaka kwemakore akawanda. Inouraya kupfuura vanoberekwa uye nhamba vakasiya vazhinji vakapinda munyika.

The dzinongoitika kuderera uye kutama muna kuBaltic States

Nokuti kota remakore, akatungamirira demographers nenhamba tichiratidza kuderera vemo nokuda zvoga uye nokuda mbudo kubva reBaltic kunyika. Vagari Estonia shoma nokuda zvoga mapfumbamwe zviuru, nokuda vaitamira - varume zana nemashanu zviuru. vagari Latvia kwakaita yakaderera nezvikamu anoda kusvika manomwe namazana vanhu, vanopfuura hafu akanga vakatama vagari. Lithuania chakarasikirwa kota zana, vanhu zana nemakumi masere nezvitatu namazana nokuda zvoga, mugumisiro vaitamira - kuderera varume mazana matanhatu namakumi manomwe zviuru.

Zvikonzero kuderedza vanhu Estonia

MuEstonia, vanowanzotevedzera kuona zvikonzero depopulation hakusi mune zvoupfumi uye enyika zvinhu, uye enhoroondo. Kunyatsofunga wembereko dzakawira avaida remakore rechimakumi maviri, uye pamisi ichangobva kupfuura zvakanga zvisingaiti kuti kuwedzera upenyu hupfupi. Chimwe chikonzero, maererano nenyanzvi, hunogara muSoviet Union. Kutama Rwako kwakawedzera, ari zvokuimba kukura kwakanga yakanaka. Zvisinei, pakazosvika 1991 akanga atamira kuEstonia ari forties uye mashanu vakatanga tikwegure, uye vaya vari kufa, akatonyanya nevaya vanokwanisa kubereka.

Kuberekwa zvazvingava shoma zvikuru uye nokuda kuchinja mafungiro zera kana kuti nguva kuva vabereki. Kare, vakadzi akabereka makumi maviri namaviri, kuti vave madzimai nhasi regai kukurumidza kukwira, kuberekwa kwomwana wokutanga ndiko vambomira. Vechiduku kuva wokutanga tsoka dzenyu, kutenga imba, motokari.

Vagari Estonia nemakore

Natural kuwedzera, zvinonyatsorehwa kuwedzera uwandu hwevanhu uye kutama kukura muEstonia vari kutanga kupinda akaipa kubvira 1991. Vagari emuchina chavagari Estonia:

• 1980 - 1.472.190 vanhu;
• 1990 - 1.570.599 vanhu;
• 1995 - 1.448.075 vanhu;
• 2000 - 1.372.710 vanhu; rwokuzvarwa kukura - -5 336 zvachose kukura - -7 116 vaitamira - 1 830;
• 2013 - 1.320.174 vanhu; rwokuzvarwa kukura - kubvisa 1 713 zvachose kukura - -5 043 vaitamira - 3 300;

Muna 2016, zvakanga akaberekwa vanopfuura zviuru gumi vanhu muEstonia, akafa - gumi nehafu zviuru. Natural kuwedzera - kubvisa nemashanu zana, vaitamira pezvakaitwa - vanhu vanopfuura zviuru zviviri.

Changing madzinza Zvinoumba Estonia

Ethnic Zvinoumba kuEstonia kwemakore makumi matatu yachinja. Asi kwete yekudyidzana. Kufunga zvinotaurwa nevanhu kuEstonia, vawane mashoko anotevera:

• 1989 Estonians:. 61.5%, 30,3% Russian, Ukrainian 3.1, 1,8 Belarusians Finns 1,1;
• 2011 Estonians: 68,7%, 24.8% Russian, Ukrainian 1,7%, 1.0 Belarusians Finns 0,6%.
• 2016 g:. Estonians 69%, 25% Russian, Ukrainian 1,7%, Byelorussians 1%, 0,6% Finns.

Russian kunyanya vanogara guru kuEstonia - Tallinn. Chinonyanya "Russian" guta muEstonia - Narva, apo makumi mapfumbamwe nomwe muzana Russian nyika.

guta Estonian panyaya vemo

List mumaguta nokuda vemo akananga Tallinn - 440 702 munhu. Zvadaro unogona kuita pamusoro nzvimbo gumi kupfuura vakawanda Republic (munhu):

1. Tartu - 97.322.
2. Narva - 58.375.
3. Pärnu - 39 784.
4. Kastla-Jarve - 36 662
5. Viljandi - 17.549.
6. Maardu - 17.141.
7. Rakvere - 15.303.
8. Sillamae - 13.964.
9. Kuressaare - 13.000.
10. Johvi - 12.567.

Pasati zvachose nevanhu muna Püssi, zvishoma pamusoro vanhu chiuru; muna Kallaste uye Mõisaküla - vanhu vasere.

How vaitamira kunokanganisa Estonia Demography

Zvokuimba kuwedzera kunoita kuti vasanyanye demography. Munguva Soviet nguva, dzinza zhinji mapoka kuuya kuEstonia, nekuti pano akasikwa neShumiro Affairs Foreign, kuburikidza icho vaJudha, kwemadzinza vokuGermany uye Finns vaigona kusiya nyika yavo inokosha.

Uyezve, vanhu muEstonia akanga kubvongodzwa chaizvo. Somuenzaniso, pashure Soviet Union yakaparara, vanhu vakawanda havadi kugara uye vakasiya nyika. Awedzera kuenda kumwe. Asi pashure 2011 nayo rakatanga neizvi kwacho.

Nhasi, ari Estonian vakawanda kuramba kusviba uye kukwegura. Department of Statistics anopa zvinotevera Masvomhu: kota zana, vakawanda yakaderera nezvikamu 200 zviuru vanhu, maererano 2040 nhamba yevanhu vachawira rimwe 10%.

Resettlement Balts

For reBaltic dambudziko rakakomba ndiyo Kubuda vomuUmambo mune dzimwe nyika. Uye hafu akasiya Latvia, Lithuania uye Estonia - ndivo vanhu pakati 18 uye 30 makore 70% - vanhu kubva namana kusvika makore makumi mana.

Latvia uye Lithuania, ruzhinji akatamira UK uye dzekuma Scandinavia. Vashoma kutama kuUnited States, Russia uye Canada. Estonians ainyanya kusarudzwa Finland.

Sezvo kumhanya hwevanhu kuderera Latvia uye Lithuania vari pakati vatungamiriri European. Muna 2016 Latvia andisiya 8 000 vanhu kupfuura asvika. Lithuania - ne 30 000 vanhu.

Refract kusuruvara kuitika akanga chete Estonia. The nyika anotanga zvishoma kwouwandu hwevanhu nokuda yokutama. Nokuti 2015-2016 biennium. Estonia wakasiya vanhu 19.000, asi shure kana kuuya kuzogara 24.500.

Mumamiriro ezvinhu umo kutarisirwa kuwedzera hwevanhu kubvisa, hapana anoramba Balts sezvo kuwedzera kwevanhu kuburikidza anoyevedza munzanga mutemo nokuda vanotama. Lithuania, Somuenzaniso, anopa nyore nzira kuwana yokugara mvumo muna EU uye yakaderera mutero unodiwa kuti Entrepreneurs. vadzidzi Foreign muEstonia anogona kugara uye kurarama munyika mushure chikoro.

Asi nomugumisiro wakakura kuBaltic munyika zvinotarisirwa zviyero zvainanga kuwedzera aberekwa unodiwa.

Child Support muEstonia, Latvia uye Lithuania

In Estonia, Latvia uye Lithuania, akaronga vakasununguka basa zvakanaka munzvimbo muzvipatara, uyewo nokugamuchirwa panguva chiremba, nemiedzo uye ultrasounds. Asi munhu anogona kubhadhara mamwe nyaradzo:

• muimba - kubva 50 kusvika 80 € pazuva;
• mukana wokusarudza yakananga chiremba - kubva 400 600 €;
• nomumwe yokusvika yokusununguka - kubva 50 kusvika 1000 €.

Ya anosiya kunorapwa mwana muEstonia makore matatu, muna Lithuania - maviri makore Latvia - makore rimwe nehafu.

vabereki vanonzwa zvakasiyana munyika dzose wavanobhadhara.

A mukanyiwa Verengai mubhadharo pamusoro kuberekwa mwana Lithuania kukasapfuura € 400; kubhadhara maternity kusiya uwandu mari zvina mai; Batsirwa baba akaenzana rimwe gore pazororo.

A mukanyiwa Verengai muripo mu Latvia - kumativi 420 €. Kubhadhara maternity anosiya - 43% of raamai muhoro. Ngaabvumire mwana hanya kusvika makore maviri - 3300 €. ngaabvumire mwana wokutanga - 11 €, vakabhadhara pamwedzi kusvika gumi.

MuEstonia, bundu chitsama mari yakaenzana 320 €. Kubhadhara maternity siya kufungawo pachiyero avhareji muhoro. Mwana mvumo kusvika gumi makore - 50 € pamwedzi. Chitsama vabereki ngaabvumire kuti eighteen mwedzi kunoenderana mari vabereki. Zvichida ichi imhaka ndechokuti nyika ikozvino ndowenyika European Union, kurarama mitemo ichiwedzera zvishoma nezvishoma, mubayiro pakazvimba, pane zvadzinoshayiwa kune siyana zvikamu vemo.

Uyezve, pane zvakasiyana-siyana zvirongwa kutsigira mhuri nevana vakawanda. Somuenzaniso, mhuri yacho Estonian nevana vatatu chete mwana dzichashivirira nokugamuchirwa euros mazana mashanu pamwedzi. In Latvia kwomugove kushoma uye manomwe euros.