Education mu Africa pamusoro Kyrgyzstan

Dobaev kd, Ph.D., purofesa Director TSPPO Kao

Panyaya chikwereti michina kudzidziswa muna mumayunivhesiti pamusoro Kyrgyzstan

Maererano chirevo Hurumende of Kyrgyz Republic muna August 2011, "On hwagadzwa maviri weDanho maumbirwo dzidzo yepamusoro of Kyrgyz Republic" mumayunivhesiti vari kutamira maviri weDanho hurongwa kudzidziswa nyanzvi. The chete chirevo yaidzorwa yezwi chikwereti mabikirwo kudzidziswa chesekondari uye yekosi dzidzo yepamusorosoro.

Zvino kuyunivhesiti achagadzira bachelors uye vanatenzi, kunze zvimwe unyanzvi. Uye nzira iri zvakawanda kana zvishoma yakajeka. Pane rimwe dambudziko, kureva shanduro yose yekosi kudzidziswa hurongwa kuti chikwereti kwemichina. Chii ndiwo uye ndedzipi dzinokosha dzidzo hurongwa? Zvakakosha kutaura kamwechete kuti ichi chinhu paradigm itsva dzidzo, itsva tsika dzidzo. Kana chikwereti hurongwa tiri kutamira kure zvetsika yaivapo ezvinhu, apo mudzidzi chaiyo kuenda kukirasi. Mudzidzi maawa matanhatu pazuva aifanira kupinda boka zvidzidzo kana hurukuro. Nemamwe mashoko, aiva chinhu dzokuteerera, kwaakanga akanzi kungotarisa basa hwekudzidza. Kuti vadzidzi kusarudza vangani makirasi anofanira kupinda uye kuti bvunzo zhinji uye miedzo anofanira mumaoko kumagumo kwetemu. Mudzidzi haasi kodzero tsaukai kosi, zvose aifanira kuenda kunoparirwa kwakarongwa, purogiramu, maererano purogiramu yedzidzo muitiro.

Under kadhi hurongwa kurovedza mudzidzi anopiwa rusununguko rwokusarudza kuti anoranga dzidzo, makosi uye kunyange mudzidzisi. In zvidzidzo zvokutanga mudzidzi anogamuchira syllabus nomwoyo akaoma nyaya, mabasa, basa, nemiedzo kuzviongorora, uye chirongwa ichi chinonziwo "syllabus". Shoko syllabus kwatiri pfungwa itsva. Vadzidzisi vakawanda hausati anonyatsoziva dzinokosha zvinoumba yacho syllabus uye naizvozvo tenda kuti syllabus ndiro chirongwa basa chete. Chokwadi hachisi. chirongwa basa ndokukweverwazve kumusoro kuti dhipatimendi, hofisi WeDhipatimendi wacho. Sechivako basa mapurogiramu ose ndiye: dingindira, nhamba maawa ari kudzidza nyaya, pamazita arimo. Gwaro iri kwaidiwa weDhipatimendi kuongorora uye chamber ari Implementation zvezvaidzidziswa.

Syllabus wakagadzirirwa mudzidzi, uye akaisa pfungwa mudzidzi. mudzidzi mumwe nomumwe anopiwa syllabus panguva chidzidzo chokutanga. Syllabus anogona kuitwa kuti chete zvedzidzo kuranga kana nokudzidziswa module. Syllabus wakafanana kubva avaiita mutsa uye saka mudzidzi ane basa pakudzidza runovaka maererano syllabus. Nemamwe mashoko syllabus ndiko, kusvika pamwero wakati, mutungamiriri kukura chirango edzidzo kana module. Naizvozvo hapana chete chimiro uye nemamiriro syllabus. Mumwe syllabus kunoshamisa uye anogovera kuti chinangwa chaicho kuti paumbwe dzimwe competencies. Mudzidzisi anoita sekamwana consultant kutungamirira basa mudzidzi. Mudzidzi anogona mberi kurenda kana ruoko zvinonakidza kwemakore mashoma. Unoda kudzidza - uye kudzidza, kwete - business renyu.

The nazvo wekutanga chii murayiridzi panguva kudzidzisa nechikwereti michina - ndiko kushaya nguva. Kana zvidzidzo yekare zvigadzirwa, rwakatora inenge hafu yeawa, iye zvino anenge mashanu maminitsi. Chokwadi chokuti hurumende mitemo rokudzidzisa, kunyange akambochera kwakavakirwa kugona, asi ndiwo chinyakare chimiro, madingindira zvakagadzirirwa maviri zvedzidzo maawa, ikozvino tinofanira kusangana navo nguva shoma. Mumwe zvedzidzo kuranga kana module ane kubva imwe gumi Credits. Maererano nemitemo hurumende, apo chikwereti richinzi mumaawa 30, kusanganisira kwemaawa 20 kuenda mukirasi, boka zvemusangano uye maawa gumi kubvunzana, akazvimirira uye munhu basa. In yakadaro nguva nevezera kupa hurukuro imwe chetsika Style, kureva mharidzo chezviitiko zvinokosha zviri chirango - Wazova isingagamuchiriki. Credit dzidzo zvemichina Anobvisa tsaru nzira zvokuita, uye yokutsiva kwavo senhungamiro pane zvinodiwa kuti kuteerera hurukuro zvinhu, kureva, nokuda hunhu hurukuro inofanira kuva nokuisa-INDICATIVE. A mudzidzi kubva pusa muteereri anova chinoshingaira mukwikwidzi, asi ane zvaakaitawo hurukuro. Mune dzimwe nzira mudzidzi kutoziva nyaya, nokuti dambudziko iri ake ane syllabus, uye zvichida zvimwe zvokudya hurukuro nyaya anoziva, uyezve iye ane mubvunzo kuti mudzidzisi. Chokwadi, chinokurudzira mudzidzi kuti rokudzidzisa muitiro, asiwo mudzidzisi zvinovakurudzira kuva nezvibereko. The nguva apo mudzidzisi akauya, akatsiura uye vakasiya pasina kuva aifarira kuitwa zviri hurukuro zvinhu zvinofanira kupinda kare.

The itsva sokudzidzisa kunosanganisira kunyorerana zvinhu zvekushandisa midziyo, makirasi kombiyuta, Multimedia, Internet, Satellite TV, raibhurari guru. Aiva mudzidzi chero nguva vanogona kuwana dzinonakidza zvinhu, enda kombiyuta yezvirwere uye kuita basa romunhu. Asi, zvinosuruvarisa nokuremekedza ichi, kumayunivhesiti dzedu nematambudziko makuru. The pakutanga dambudziko muzvikoro dzakakwirira hakurevi kusika zvakakodzera mamiriro basa zvibereko vadzidzi, uye vadzidzisi. mumayunivhesiti zhinji dzinenge hapana ano kombiyuta makamuri rusununguko Internet mukana. Uye apo pane makirasi purogiramu, kubva 7 kusvika 18 pm, kana Kuwanikwa makirasi aya dambudziko guru kuti vadzidzi vakawanda. Vamwe mumayunivhesiti havatombowani panzvimbo yenyu. Uye kana pane chinhu iye yorega kushanda, kureva kuti, tiri kureva haina achiudza, etc. Zvichakadai, kana chikwereti michina mudzidzisi ose, mudzidzi anofanira kuva Indaneti.

Mumwe matambudziko hakukoshi dzesangano dzadzidza kwacho. Ko isu kurevei? Chokutanga, "zakovannost" muitiro rokudzidzisa, ayo kunonoka, yokuzviparadzanisa chaiyo nebudiriro nesayenzi uye michina nedanho evanhu kukura, akatsiga anoranga kwemakumi emakore dzidzo, tsika nzira kuti sangano dzadzidza muitiro, kureva dzidzo yokuyunivhesiti isiri kuti paumbwe unyanzvi uye kutsetsenura mukana kudzamisa mukuru uye chinokosha dzidzo uye unyanzvi, uye kudzidza zvinhu nokuda bvunzo uye miedzo, semubairo yokuwana zvitupa, Chiyoda S hazvigoni kushanda kwake ruzivo, uye chokwadi isu vakatamira nechikwereti michina, unosanganisira dzinokosha kuchinja musangano dzadzidza kwacho. Kana nhamba chikwereti michina akazvimirira uye munhu basa akura zvikuru, uye saka nzira yekudzidza inofanira kurongwa kuti ape kunonyanyisa mukana akazvimirira uye munhu basa yevadzidzi. Zvazvichipo kuti nguva nokuti, uye vose zvavo, pachava zvakakwana munhu mudzidzi Chokwadi rokutanga kunyanya kuona uye soaking pashure maawa Jota kwemaawa mashanu pazuva? Hatidi funga kuti zvakakosha kuti adye, kuenda kumba, etc. Zvazvinosarira kuti vaposhere zvose kuita, izvo chii vadzidzi. Vanongouya kuenda kuchikoro uye vagare navo.

Inotevera dambudziko ndiro yakaderera chaizvo nenhanho dzidzo. Most "pervoshey" anenge asina unyanzvi yemabasa pakudzidza akazvimirira haana kuumbwa panguva yakakwana dhigiri kuverenga nekunyora. Vasina unyanzvi kushanda magwaro makuru nezvesayenzi uye kazhinji kuumbwa kuti kugona, izvo zvinodiwa vakabudirira kudzidza muna yepamusoro nyanzvi dzidzo hurongwa. Hatidi nyora zvose zvazvakashatira chikoro, asi chete kuti vadzidzi ava havasi asingasviki-zvikamu zviviri kubva muzvitatu yose kwevanhu. Chimwe chinhu pachena - hwepamusorosoro dzidzo purogiramu vanotarisira vadzidzi vazhinji vari akanyoresa pamusoro weboka rokutanga, "wo vakaoma", uye zvakatonyanya kudaro kana mudzidzi maererano chikwereti hurongwa pachayo inofanira kusarudza yavo paradigm mabasa edzidzo. kutanga majana vanofanira kudzidziswa kuti kudzidza. Kudiwa zivo Vacuum haagoni kuva. Naizvozvo, mudzidzi anofanira kuziva kuti kunzwisisa kuti akataura ruzivo sezvo nokuziva baba rekare rechiGiriki muzivi Socrates: "Ndinoziva kuti ndinoziva chinhu," asi nekuti ndinoda kuziva. Dzidza unyanzvi akaitwa makore kuchikoro, asi sezvo tsika inoratidza kuti chikoro hakurevi kuzadzikisa ichi basa. Tinofanira kuchinja kugutsikana dzidzo chikoro uye kurovedza mabikirwo. Mumakore achangopfuura, Ushumiri Redzidzo pamwe chete Kyrgyz Academy of Education vari kongiri matanho ekudzivirira kugutsikana dzidzo chikoro uye kuvandudza ruzivo kudzidza, asi "zvinhu zviri ikoko." Patinotaura pamusoro kuderedza Vhoriyamu purogiramu chikoro, achinyanya tine tichiyeuka hwokugadzira rutapudzo ivavo kana zvimwe vanotongwa kuchikoro hweutungamiri. Vavandudzi dzidzo havagoni kunzwisisa kuti rutapudzo kana nokuwedzera maawa hakuzochinji chinhu chikoro pasi. Tinoda yakakura nokubatanidzwazve pachikoro chose. Mupfungwa iyi, yezwi zvezvaidzidziswa mukana kushandura yose paradigm dzidzo pachikoro. asi zvinosuruvarisa sezvo chinozoiswa zvidzidzo mu chikuru kuzvikoro anoratidza kuti kuita zvakanakisisa, ndokudzokera kunze nguva dzose. Uye izvi zvakakonzerwa unprofessional kusvika, unprofessional vanhu ari pakutevedzera munhu curricular nzira iri dzidzo yechikoro. Uye saka munguva yemberi iri pedyo chero kuchinja zvikuru pachikoro haisi kutarisirwa. Zvingagadziriswa zvikoro?

First. Pazuva rokutanga uye rechipiri kosi kusimbisa vakawanda dzidzo, zvichida hakusi basa ari kuyunivhesiti, asi hapana zvokuzviita. Kohl iwe zvibodzwa uye akanyoresa wokutanga gore kana iwe ndapota vanoumba chikoro nzvimbo, nekuti panguva Rokutenderwa chero ässät vadzidzisi havana nyanzvi uye anokosha anoranga zvinoguma razero. Hazvishamisi vanoti "First asu uye beeches, uye ipapo nesayenzi."

Second. Mugodhi vanorega kugamuchirwa uye kusunungurwa vadzidzi yepamusoro uye yekosi dzidzo. Enough kubudisa vacho lumpen havasi kudiwa pabasa pamusika. Enough kunyoresa vadzidzi vose uye sundry. Chokwadi kuti reBazi Redzidzo nerimwe gore anoisa risingamboshandisi chikumbaridzozve kuti kubvuma kwakavakirwa migumisiro Ort, kwedu mafungiro ari mashandiro ayo chete kuwedzera uori chezvinonhuwira mu anyorese dzidzo yepamusoro masangano. Vose vanoda kuva pachikoro chesekondari wakanyoresa. Kazhinji, migumisiro Ort haagoni kupa Chinangwa tinyatsonzwisisa kubudirira dzidzo kudzidza muzvikoro yechipiri. Ort Anoongorora kugona imwe chete nenzira inonzwisisika mafungiro, asi kwete paruzivo kuti dzave vawana mumakore ake kuchikoro nezveimwe nyaya. Naizvozvo, kana chikoro ichi ari dzidzo yepamusoro nemasangano vanofanira kufunga zvinhu zvizhinji, kusanganisira chaiwo uye anoranga zivo. Kazhinji, ruzivo kunoratidza kuti anopfuura gumi ruzivo somugumisiro okuverengwa Ort unhu dzidzo yepamusorosoro haana nani, asi yawa nehasha.

Hatirwisani Ort, asi chete somugumisiro Ort anyorese kuti dzidzo yepamusoro masangano anonzi kukwana. Ort muchimiro nayo chinoshanda zvakanaka, sezvo imwe fanira nemiedzo ari ndima nedzimwe mhando kunyatsoongorora kubudirira dzidzo kudzidza muzvikoro yechipiri.

Third. Register, mazano uye vachiongorora vadzidzi 'mberi rinofanira zvakajeka aishanda kubva pasi kadhi hurongwa. Apo madhipatimendi dzidzo kuumba panosvikira dhesiki, apo vakawanda chikoro zvakanaka mabasa zvaive kuti dhipatimendi ichi. Front anopa:

- Kuwanikwa mashoko pamusoro pachavo uye zvedzidzo Data yevadzidzi;

- papurogiramu dzokugara vose;

- kwetemu kurovedza uye kuona muitiro kunyoresa vadzidzi pamusoro dzichitaurwa nyaya;

- Kukurukura vadzidzi mari;

- kudzora zvedzidzo mberi vadzidzi;

- kugadzirira kusunungurwa vadzidzi;

- the Kusimbiswa rworwendo uye mamwe mashoko;

- Daily basa nevadzidzi uye fakaroti;

- pokugadzwa uye dzigadziridzwe Databases;

- kugadzirira Statistical uye Analytical Data kuti nechinzwano zvekunze kushandiswa;

- kukura uye okusuma zvakagadzirwa anatsiridze mugadziriro;

- mirayiridzo okukura.

The dhipatimendi anofanira kushanda kushoma vatatu - musoro dhipatimendi, kwemauto murongi zvirongwa uye kunyoresa uye nyanzvi Databases. Kana yunivhesiti iri diki, ipapo chete mumwe kunyoresa kadhi, uye kana munhu yunivhesiti guru - neimwe fakaroti, kureva mabasa Dean anochinja ari kunyoresa dhipatimendi.

Chechina. Quality simbiso uye rutsigiro kune vadzidzi. Ko isu anorevei - inobudirira mazano rutsigiro vadzidzi. The Institute kunodiwa kuti zvinobudirira hurongwa chokuenda rutsigiro kune vadzidzi, runovabatsira kuwana zvinhu zvakafanira mashoko uye rubatsiro, uyewo kubatsira kuona zvinangwa zvavo zvedzidzo. Vadzidzisi nevamwe vashandi nebasa basa iri kuva nenguva kuziviswa uye vakagadzirira kuita mabasa avo. Vanosungirwa kuvapo zvose zvinhu kunodiwa kuti apedzise mazano rutsigiro kune vadzidzi, zvisinei mudzidzi mamiriro kosi.