Dzinodyiwa inotapira Chestnut: Planting uye richikura

Chestnut - the kunozivikanwa hunhu chevarwere dzechembere uye decoration hardwood tsika Decorating minda nemapaki of the Western nyika dzokuEurope uye kumaodzanyemba kumatunhu Russia. Ichi chinhu chinofadza muti marudzi uye ane mazita akawanda (dzinodyiwa, Europe, anokudzwa), vakabatanidzwa rimwe zita - inotapira Chestnut. On peculiarities of chirimwa, tsika dzayo uye kurima miitiro kurimwa kudzidza bhuku rino.

Mutorwa kubva mhuri Beech

Castanea sativa - muti zvinoshamisa, izvo marudzi akasiyana zvinesungano songaniro siyana. Somuenzaniso, pakatanga Mumatsutso muFrance rinotanga "Red Season", kana ari pakona mumugwagwa ose kutengesa fried michero uye nedzimwe midziyo kunobva kwavari. Blooming Chestnut - imwe mhando chiratidzo Kiev, chitubu anovaraidza wakasimwa pamwe Chestnut nzira, vakapfeka runako rupo uye kwazvo decoration kushanda. A varapi bhero hwaikosha nokuda kwayo somushonga unhu, sezvo rokuporesa zvose pamusoro-zvakohwewa zvikamu chirimwa.

waridza

South-mabvazuva Europe uye Malaysia vakaziva sezvo nzvimbo yechizvarirwo ari mumiririri dzinodziya uye inodziya latitudes. Sweet Chestnut, muchando hardiness riri pasi, unowanikwa nhasi kuEast Asia, mune muMediterranean uye Atlantic kumhenderekedzo America, asi kuchamhembe okunze chirimwa chinopukunyuka.

Muti - imwe enviable akapona. Munyika mune miti mashoma mhenyu makore anopfuura 1000, uye yaiva pamapani ari Caucasus anozivikanwa zviitiko, wakati akayambuka-gore 500 chiratidzo. Avhareji nguva woupenyu Chestnut anoonekwa anoyevedza yenguva - makore 450-500.

Dzinenge zvinhu

Vose kwemarudzi aya chestnuts ndezvaJehovha yakakurumbira mhuri Beech uye miti mirefu, richisvika 30-35 mamita. chirimwa ichi - chaihwo chihombe pakuparadzira korona paupamhi uye ngaatarire vakakwira ichibviswa hunde, iro dhayamita izvo zvinogona kusvika tsika maviri mita. Shava nemakwati rinofukidza hunde muti, yonhuwa makatsemuka, kudzika izvo kunowedzera zera. Nezvo paradzirai mapazi akasika hombe uye korona batana. Chestnut mashizha Rakatanga (kusvika 25 cm), pamwe rinooneka unopinza oblong notches proportionally richingokura. Avo akanaka chimiro anosimbisa gobvu marongerwo uye manune rima mitema ruvara. Mashizha Anotumbuka mukutanga April.

Sweet Chestnut - muti ruva. The chinoshamisa ndechokuti zvinoorora uye unogona kumuona muna June. Small maruva dzinopenya, vakaungana spicate inflorescences, akafukidza netsika, achikwezva glances pamusoro Vanopfuura nokukurudzira pollinating nezvipembenene.

muchero

Fruiting chirimwa inotangira October uye November, pamwe pakutanga defoliation. muchero dzinodyiwa of Chestnut - chaiyo nati gobvu mamiriro yellowish kana ruomba-mavara. Zvinoita unodzivirira goko-cupule vakapakata zvikukutu yakatesvera panyanga dzacho uye kuidzivirira kubva matambudziko akasiyana-siyana. In mumwe goko akadaro ripen mumwe - matatu nzungu, pakwakanga Cupule mitswi, achifumura muchero.

Nuts zvakadai mhando anotapira Chestnut dzinodyiwa, mudye, uye avo inedible mhando, akadai zvibereko nebhiza Chestnut, ndezvipi mbishi zvinhu zvokushandisa zvavo mushonga. Fruits sweetish kuravira, vane zvishoma looser marongerwo uye rakasiyana Zvinoumba muviri.

Dzinodyiwa Chestnut anotarira vakasiyana bhiza zvishoma akanongedzera mabhokisi muromo umo cotyledon. Pashure kubviswa wokukohwa nzungu inochengeterwa refu, nokuti achakurumidza kuoma kunze, ave pfava uye vasava nevatengi ehupfumi.

Castanea sativa: hunoshatisa zvivako uye mafomu

Zvinoumba chestnuts akasiyana, vose vanoumba pakati nepakati vanochengeta zvicherwa, mavhitaminzi uye unsaturated mafuta acids, macro- uye kuronda zvinhu vavo yeimwe. Kusiyana nevamwe nzungu Chestnut ine risingamboshandisi yakawanda mafuta, iyo inoita zvakanaka kudya chikafu chigadzirwa. Rich Chestnut muchero mapuroteni, shuga, dzinongoitika chirimwa makemikari.

Nuts tinokosha sezvokudya. Ivo anoshandiswa manyoro kana pasi chero kubika: Fried, akabika, steamed, akawedzera kuti bhekari uye confectionery zvigadzirwa. Milled rakagochwa chestnuts - womutariri mukuru kofi.

Kuwedzera muchero anonyanya unhu uye mashizha muti, yakakwirira zviri tannins uye pectins umo anogona zvinobudirira disinfected uye kuporesa maronda, kurega ropa.

Castanea sativa: kukura

Culture inoparadzirwa mbeu kana vegetatively - cheka. Mukume ne nezvipembenene Chestnut. Fruiting kwemarudzi akasiyana uyewo kutanga panguva dzakasiyana. Vamwe - pamwe 3-6-fung gore upenyu, vamwe - kubva yechi25. Kakawanda zvinoitika kuti kudyara mubindu chakasimwa Chestnut murimi hanya nezvekuparadzwa decoration chikamu richienda nyika, uye wechipiri - inopa goho nzungu vana uye vazukuru vake pachake kukohwa kubvisa hazvibviri nguva dzose. Asi ruzivo Chikwata vanoti makore 40 okuberekwa chiratidzazvizhinji vaunganidze 60-70 makirogiramu kuti nzungu nyore.

Sweet Chestnut zvakanaka midzi pamusoro jeka, anodzivirira dzinodiwa kwazvakarerekera nemhepo rakaorera nevhu. Mwando-rudo tsika nemagariro haashiviriri kwemvura, saka kutarisira vechiduku zvinomera kunokosha chaizvo.

Kukura kubva mbeu

Sezvinoratidzwa apa, Chestnut - runobva noushamwari subtropical uye haugoni kushivirira chando, asi chinokura zvakanaka greenhouses uye conservatories, uyewo pamba tsika "Bonsai" Japanese rwokugadzira.

Get zvizere Chestnut muti kubva mbeu inogona zvizere kuibva uye wakabva muti. For Qualitative kumera zvinoda stratification refu, iyo anotevedzera yepanyama, dzinongoitika muitiro. Mbeu inoiswa mudziyo, dira yakaoma remurwizi woiswa firiji kana pakakwirira. Pashure 5-6 mwedzi kwakarungwa saka mbeu yacho Chestnut zvinogona kudyarwa kuti imere.

Ivo anoiswa mukati substrate kubva musanganiswa zvevhu matanda uye mashizha yezvidhinha. Mumwe nati wakasimwa ari oga tangi inokwana 4-5 litres. Kuti zviite kumera asati adyara mbeu vakaramba mumvura inodziya kwamazuva 5-6. Kwakawedzera nokuda 10 masendimita Stratified., Ivo imere nokukurumidza, mukati memazuva 15-20. Germinated mizambiringa yakabva kumwe vari wakasimwa muchirimo kuti rakavhurika kuine zano, kuti shaded makona mumunda Chestnut miti havasi akakodzera.

Kumhara nzvimbo kugadzirira pachine kuti neutralize zvakawandisa acidity ivhu, muchishingaira 1 mamita ² 500-600 magiramu dolomite uye kuchera yokumusoro topsoil pamwe manyowa. Pamberi mizambiringa yakabva kumwe kuti ndivaitire vakaomesa, kudzidzisa kutsva mhepo zuva nezuva kwemavhiki maviri. Wakasimwa rakavhurika muvhu midzi zvirimwa zvikure kuzviita. Ivo zvinoda nyore asi irambe ichifamba.

How kutarisira majaya miti

Nokuti kumatunhu ane inodziya munyoro ekunze Castanea sativa chirimwa uye kukura hazvina kuoma, ndiyo chete kupiwa chirimwa kurerekera nzeve, kuita zvavaisiita maitirwo ezvinhu vakaisa pasi zvinhu mhando uye kurima nenyanzvi kurimwa.

Kutsigira kukura vaduku zvinomera, unofanira kugara weed ivhu mumuti hunde dzacho, sunungura uye mvura chirimwa sezvinodiwa. Chestnut haadi kupwa kudzinga ivhu, asi nokufamba kwenguva akatanga simba pombi midzi dzokubvisa mvura dzisina kuoma. Asi midzi miti havafaniri kukanganiswa nemvura kwezvokudya.

Dzinodyiwa chestnuts chinetso ndiyo yakaderera hardiness zvinoda matumba yechando, kunyange kana dzabudapo akanaka ezvinhu Crimean. Rakashandiswa nutrasil matumba kana zvimwe unodzivirira zvinhu non-dzakarukwa.

Kuchekerera: utsanana nokuita

Kunze zvatinosiita mabasa hanya, Chestnut aida kugera, pova korona, dzichipa decoration uye chinonditadzisa thickening uye panowanikwa zvirwere zvakasiyana mavambo. Aite kuchekerera mukutanga yechirimo, achibvisa dzaparadzwa, dzinorwara, simba uye kukura mukati korona mapazi. Paumbwe korona rinoitwa pasi akura chirimwa, kurivaka maererano dzavo zvatinoda uye nezvishuvo. Castanea sativa, mufananidzo izvo dzaitaurwa bhuku - yakaisvonaka muti. Zvisinei, mumwe chiratidzazvizhinji vanorarama mumiririri Beech kukura mubindu rako - zvinoshamisa uye zvinodiwa chirimwa nokuda Chikwata wokumaodzanyemba kumatunhu.