Divertissement ndeyemhando yemimhanzi

Kutanga kwenguva ye classicism mumimhanzi yeAustria inoratidzwa nenzira dzakasiyana-siyana dzemarudzi matsva nemhando. Chimwe chazvo ndechekuvaraidza. Ichishandurwa kubva kuFrench, shoko iri rinoreva "varaidzo".

Chii chinonzi kuvhiringidza

Divertissement ndeyemhando yemimhanzi. Imabasa yakasikwa mauri inowanzofanirwa kuurayiwa pazviridzwa. Zvisinei, munguva yekubva, inotamba mumutauro uyu inogona kuitwa nenzwi.

Dhiyabhorosi yakakurumbira zvikuru mumabasa eViennese classics (Josef Haydn, Wolfgang Amadeus Mozart naLudwig van Beethoven), uyewo mumimhanzi yevatenzi veMannheim school, somuenzaniso, Jan Stamitz. Idzi dzakanga dzakasununguka maitiro uye dzakasiyana nemunhu.

Dhiyabhorosi nderumwe rudzi rusina zviratidzo zvakajeka. Kutamba nezita iri kunogona kunyorwa nenzira ye sonata kana suite, uye ivo vanewo zvakasiyana-siyana zvakagadzirirwa. Zvinyorwa zvakanzwika mumakorani emakorani, uye vateereri vaiva machinda, madzishe, mazita uye vamwe vakanaka.

Unhu hunhu hwemhando

Ichechi yekambani yekamba kazhinji yaiita zvekudhirodza. Vanhu vane gumi kana kupfuura munguva yeViennese classicism vaiwanzonzi vimbamba. Kazhinji, kwaiva nezvipembenene zvakawanda uye violas, maviri kana matatu nyere, oboe, clarinet uye harp. Kana mutambo wacho wakanga wakajeka uye unofara unhu, munyori akawedzera timpani kumutambo.

Dhiyabhorosi ndeyechimiro chechikoro chekare. Basa rinonyanya kushandiswa nemaitiro anonyatsorondedzerwa kubatana kwakanaka uye danho rwenyama. Rwiyo rwakashandurwa, ruzha rweplastiki rwakagara rwuri kufanana neimba ye cantilena. Dzimwe nguva mune izvi zvinoridza munyori kugadzirisa mabasa ekugadzira, somuenzaniso, maitiro emhando kana chiridzwa chine mimhanzi.

Dzimwe nguva kuumbwa kwemabasa akawanda akasiyana-siyana ezvakasikwa kwainzi mavaraidzo. Gare gare, vakatanga kutumidza kudhanha kwebhanti yakabva pane imwe mimhanzi kubva kumhando dzakasiyana.

Zvinyorwa zveMozart

Mabasa mazhinji akanaka emhando iyi ndeyomunyanzvi mukuru kune dzimwe nguva - Wolfgang Amadeus Mozart. Akanyora mitambo yezvinyorwa zvakasiyana-siyana zvekushandisa. Peru inogadzira mabasa epiyano inobhadharwa ne violin, cello uye clarinet, pamwe chete neketani zvidhinete uye mamwe ensembles.

Mumhanzi mukuru akakwanisa kuumba Mozart. Divertissement, iyo yaakanyora nokuda kweketani yekodet uye nyanga mbiri dzeFrance, uye nhasi anoita kuti mwoyo yevateereri ive yekutora. Iyi mimhanzi yakaisvonaka inozivikanwa zvikuru. Muimbi wacho akanyora zvakawanda zvemaawa, ma-symphonies nemakonti, asi yaiva injara uye inofadza dhivertissement iyo yakakonzera kutarira kwevateereri vakawanda. Izvi zvinokwidza zvose zvinyorwa zvekududzirwa, maererano nenhamba yekudhura paWebhu.

Zvinosuruvarisa, kufara mune D guru hakuwanzogadziridzwa mumashure emimhanzi. Mozart ine zvakawanda zvakadzika, zvakaoma uye mafilosofi. Nzvimbo huru yemitambo yemhando iyi ndeyokuvaraidza. Mwoyo unofara, wakajeka nguva dzose uchange uchizivikanwa nevanodzidza uye vanofarira.

Kubudirira kwemhando mumazana emakore anotevera

Mushure mokuguma kwemazuva eViennese classicism, vanyori vaida kukanganwa nezvekudhirodza. Munguva yekutonga kworudo rwemimhanzi mumimhanzi, kuve nyore uye kuvimbika kwemanzwiro, kuvimba kwevimbiso yenyaradzo kwakakosheswa. Izvo zvinyorwa zvinonakidza zvakanga zvisiri kunze kwepakutanga shanduko.

Zita iri rakapiwa chete nekugadzirirwa kwemahofisi akakurumbira. Urongwa uhwu hweaasas uye rudo kune zvakasiyana-siyana zvinyorwa zvakashandurwa uye zvaive zvakagadzirirwa pamutemo wekushandura zvidimbu zveunhu hwakasiyana. Muenzaniso ndiyo "Hungarian Divertissement" naFranz Schubert ye piano maoko mana.

Muzana remakore rechi20 chete, apo nzira yekudzokera shure, inonzi "neoclassicism", yakava yakasikisa, iyi ndiyo yakadzokera kumakwikwi emimhanzi. Imwe mitsva yekuvandudzazve basa ibasa rinowanikwa mumutambo wepfungwa.

Munyori wacho anozvipira nemaune akare akashongedzana ezvinyorwa zvekare, uye anowedzera zvakare. Mimhanzi inotanga kuva inotonhora, yakasarudzwa uye yakarongedzwa pasi pekare. Iyi ndiyo yakarongedzwa nevanyori vakakurumbira vemazuva ano saIgor Stravinsky, Bela Bartok, Albert Russell. Ichi chaiva chirevo chekudhirodza mumamiriro ezvinhu epamusoro yehuni-chigadziko chakajeka uye chinoshamisa chechikoro chekare.