MANPADS "Strela": Magadzirirwo (Photos)

Chakaita "Strela-2" akava wokutanga murume-inotakurika mhepo kudzivirira gadziriro uye aendeswe basa muSoviet Union kare 60s. The Indexing Grau rokuti ndiye 9K32 MANPADS. MuUnited States iri kupatsanura rinozivikanwa SA-7 Grail.

"Strela-2": nhoroondo yokusika

Muna 1962, mutaundi Kolomna, izvozvo yakatanga chakavanzika uto chirongwa. Chinangwa chake chaiva kusika munhu simba percussive inotakurika kunzwisisa vanokwanisa kurova mhepo uye ivhu huru panguva pfupi neeSultan. The akakodzera dambudziko panguva iyoyo yaiva MANPADS "Strela-2".

Asi chokutanga rwisana rubhabhatidzo chokugadza haana kuenda uyewo kutarisirwa. ndege zhinji mushure kukuvara asi vadzokera airfields dzavo. The chikonzero akarara pakuti SAM putika simba yakanga isina kukwana kuti chakakura kukuvadzwa, kunyanya kana raparadza kwakaitika muswe muchikamu. Somugumisiro, kwakasarudzwa kuti pfungwa upgrades iiswe. Saka muna 1968 iye akaberekwa ari "Strela-2M" (MANPADS codification 9K32M). Nadzurudzo akabvumira kurova huru zvinofamba mumhepo panguva kumhanya kusvika 950 km / h. Miedzo vakanga zvapedza musi Donguz bvunzo nzvimbo muna 1970. Pakarepo pashure MANPADS rakazoshandiswa, uye pashure makore mashoma aina shanduro vakabatana percussion mumatanda kupfuura nyika 60.

sarudzo

MANPADS Uyu inobudirira chaizvo nzira yokuzvidzivirira zvose kufora uye mumunda. Portable kugadzwa anokwanisa kurova helicopters uye ndege, kunyange panguva zvikuru yakaderera altitudes. Chimwe chikuru zvakanakira MANPADS "Strela-2" raro yakati chiedza uremu uye duku kukura, iyo inoita kuti nyore yaitakurwa mumwe munhu. With setup ichi unogona kushandisa munzvimbo dzakadai kudziviswa somunhu doro, dondo uye makomo.

9K32 yaro nadzurudzo vari aiendeswa kwokudzivirira michini inifanduri battalions. Protection inopiwa kavha chikwata uye simba pfungwa rakadzika-kubhururuka muvengi huru, kusanganisira rwendo zvombo. Kutanga projectile chinoitirwa kwayo kutarisana vasabatwa shooter vakatevera chinhu mumhepo. Volley zvinogoneka kubva akamiswa, kunze mugero, pamwe ibvi kutamira warrior motokari kubva.

Nokuda kufamba kwavo uye kubudirira MANPADS kare zvakurukurwa rakakura woga tactical-akarova zvombo Soviet Army.

"Strela-2": sezvamunoita

The chepakutanga uye dzakachinjwa setup yaiva zvikamu zvitatu dzakafanana configuration: homing zvombo 9M32 series, chikungiso uye nesimba rive. MANPADS "Strela-2" kwainzi kufambira-oga zvikuru zvombo Anti-ndege munyika. Mukati 1.5 masekonzi pashure chikungiso kunoitika chitundumuseremusere kanda. Mushure masekondi mashoma ari projectile anorova chipfuro ari chinhambwe 4 makiromita. Kana mumwe vanorovha vebasa nokuzviremekedza destruct pashure 17 p pashure pakutanga. Chakaita "Strela-2M" - MANPADS paine kuita panguva nepfari uye kuparadza. Pashure upgrading pezvakaitwa vave zvoga uye mhanya gos projectile. Izvi akwanise kuti Gunners Anti-ndege andobata nokukurumidza zvinofamba chinhu. Zvakanzi nani pakusarudza chipfuro vasabatwa dzinongoitika chipingaidzo. The mazuvaano yakaitwa zvichibvira kuparadzwa zvinhu munzira kudhumhana. Mukuwedzera, njodzi nzvimbo yakanga awanda jets.

The chikuru zvezvinotaurwa installation idzva rakanga pakupisa gos, iyo inozivikanwa nokuva ruzha kutapata. Pamusana kwaari MANPADS anokwanisa utape chinangwa kunyange cumulus makore anosvika 3 points. Kunyange zvakadaro, zvakaoma achiri nyore kupisa musungo ndege.

Performance unhu

Limited-siyana chipfuro kuparadza 3,4 km kana nadzurudzo pamwe tsamba "M" anobvumira kurwisa huru pane neeSultan kubva 800 kusvika 4200 m. Panyaya kunonyanyisa nendege kukwira pamusoro projectile, izvozvo iri kuwanda kusvika 2300 m.

Free nokukurumidza zvichisiyana 430 500 m / s. Kukundwa zvinangwa vdogon kuitwa panguva neavhareji kumhanya 240 m / s, vakananga - mamita 150 / s. Rocket aimiririrwa mhando 9M32 kana ayo nadzurudzo. Caliber - 72 mm. goko kureba - 1.44 metres uye anoyera 9,5 makirogiramu. Kurema zvakaoma pamusoro 5 kg.

Kugadzirira kushanda unyanzvi Gunners Anti-ndege vachada mumasekonzi chete 10.

"Strela-3": nhoroondo uye chinangwa

The muenzaniso mutsva MANPADS Soviet "Strela" yakabudiswa mukanyiwa pakati pezana 70s. Installation inozivikanwa codification uye kupatsanura 9K34 USA - SA-14 Gremlin. The hwaro nadzurudzo waiva mutsva dzakatevedzana 9M36 chombo, yakanga akashongedzerwa uchinyanya michini kubatwa musoro uye danho-modulated kushanda pakuvheneka ari zononoka amplitude. Inopa kuramba dzinongoitika uye RFI.

MANPADS "Strela-3" yakasiyana ndege nokukurumidza uye kumhanya chombo chinoita zvokukandwa maneuverability. Uyewo mukufamba mazuvaano of gos wakatangwa ruzha-uchapupu kutonhora hurongwa. Kuti iye zvino chinangwa kupambwa aigona kuitwa kunyange dutu ekunze. Chokwadi iyi yakatanga kugadzirwa muenzaniso kuti ekisipoti mirairo vakawanda. 9K34 Development akatanga mukutanga '70s, asi kwenguva refu, installation haana vakapfuura zvose miedzo. Muna May 1973, MANPADS pakupedzisira akaratidza divi ravo zvakanakisisa, uye pashure pemwedzi mishomanana akanga wokurera.

Mukupera 70s akapinda dzakaoma kunze kwenyika. MANPADS kakawanda yakawanda zvakakumikidzwa kunyika dzakadai Angola, Vietnam, El Salvador, Jordan, India, North Korea, Iraq, Cuba, Nicaragua, Siriya, Peru, Libya, Brazil, South Africa. MuEurope, muti uri pakuenzanisa Hungary, East Germany, Finland, Yugoslavia, Czechoslovakia. The chete nyika kunze Soviet Union, yakanga rezinesi kuti zvombo kugadzirwa, raiva Poland.

"Strela-3": sezvamunoita

Zvapera magiramufomu chikwata zvinosanganisira: a chikungiso mashandiro 9P58 dzakatevedzana 9M36 zvombo, pasi Aindibvunzurudza 1RL247 pusa redhiyo mirayiridzo Finder 9S13 uye R-147.

The chikuru unoshamisa simba MANPADS "Strela-3M" uye muenzaniso remavambo 9M36 chombo chinoita zvokukandwa. Zvinonzi akaita pamusoro "Dhadha" kurongerana uye muunganidzwa zvina waakaita nezvikamu: injini, kurwisa, uye gozvo musoro. Control zvinoitwa kutenderera ari projectile ari kumhanya 20 RPM. / S kuti kuchinja munhu-dimensional matatu Mureza ane chafariz Switch gos. Zvinofanira kucherechedzwa kuti aerodynamic kuzvidzora hukawanika dziri mune mundege imwe. Paunotanga peni akazivisa stabilizers, kuuya kubva nomutopota mokugezera. On electronic kugadzwa zviri pekugara mufurati, fiyuzi, foni chivhariso connector, nokudyidzana boka uye chikungiso. Kukanganiswa rinoitwa GYRO uye ipapo yeredhiyo kurongedza humboo Finder.

Performance unhu

The muenzaniso mutsva zvakaoma akafanana yapfuura shanduro chete zviratidzo nguva kugadzirira volley uye kwataisvika, uyewo 72th caliber. Nokuti vamwe, chetatu MANPADS "Strela" maitiro nani zvikuru. Chombo kureba wacho wakaderedzwa kusvika 1.25 metres uye huremu 10 makirogiramu. Ukuwo, mukanyiwa ari zvakaoma kwakawedzera nokuda itsva zvinoriumba uye aiva zvinopfuura 6 makirogiramu.

"Arrow 3" anokwanisa kurova zvinhu kure 500 kusvika 4500 mamita. Possible mira ndege kukwirira zvinosiyana kusvika 3 km. vdogon mutariri ndege kumhanya ndiko 310 m / s, kusangana chinangwa - 230 m / s. With idzva nani muenzaniso antiaircraft Aitondiitira mukana yakarova ndege kirasi "murwi." Mukana kuparadza huru yakadai mumwe chombo vanofungidzirwa pa 33%.

"Strela-10": kugadzwa

kugadzwa Uyu Mobile mhepo kuzvidzivirira chombo hurongwa 9K35 codification. The mapepa anonzi NATO SA-13 Gopher. 9K35 muenzaniso rakagadzirirwa kuti rione uye neutralize mhepo huru panguva yakaderera altitudes. Hwaro matambudziko akaoma pasi "Arrow-3 '. Kare muna 1969, ari CPSU Central Committee , kwakasarudzwa kuumba Mobile Crawler chokugadza muna kufanana yokutanga MANPADS. "Strela-10", zvainyanya kuti zvinoita kupfuura foni uye multi-dzichipfekeka revarwi mujinga USSR, hapana matambudziko vaedzwa uye nokukurumidza kuwedzera zvombo yeSoviet Army.

Matambudziko akaoma akaita 9M37 zvombo, vaikwanisa kushanda muna 2 mugero muoti nhungamiro.

Chakaita "Strela-10" rave zvinobudirira kushandiswa pakuvhiya muAngola uye Gulf.