Daniil Leonidovich Andreyev: Biography, mapikicha uye zvinonakidza zvinhu

Daniil Leonidovich Andreev - Russian nyanduri, munyori, muzivi uye usingaonekwi. Mwanakomana yakakurumbira munyori Leonid Andreyev. Popularity kwakanga kunonyanya kukonzerwa usingaonekwi zvinyorwa "Rose Wenyika". Nhasi tichatarisa panguva Biography iyi dzinonakidza munhu.

udiki

Andreev Daniil Leonidovich aiva mwanakomana Leonid Nikolaevich (akakurumbira munyori) uye Aleksandry Mihaylovny Andreevyh rechipiri. Zvinofadza kuona, kuti mai munyori yemberi raiva guru-muzukuru Tarasa Grigorevicha Dzhafarova. Daniel A. akaberekwa musi November 2, 1906 muBerlin. Mazuva mashomanana pashure pokuberekwa kwake Alexander M. vakafa puerperal fivha. Baba, rufu zvakashamisa mukadzi wake, mhosva vose achangoberekwa, zvichiguma mbuya (amai Alexandra Mikhailovna) Yefrosinya Varfolomeevna vakasarudza kutora Daniel kuMoscow. Ikoko, rikawira mhuri tete yake, Elizabeth Mikhailovna Dobrova, aiva murume aiva chiremba akakurumbira.

Somwana, Daniil Leonidovich Andreyev vazhinji vairwara. Kakawanda aingovawo bvudzi kwakaita hupamhi kubva parufu. Mumakore matanhatu, mukomana akarwara diphtheria, uye yabata mbuya chaunofarira. Yefrosinya Varfolomeevna akanga asingachakwanisizve kundorwa chirwere uye akafa. Nokukurumidza nyika pedyo St. Petersburg mukomana akanga achienda achinyudza, kuona mai vake naambuya. Sezvineiwo, panguva yokupedzisira akanga akamira pamusoro zambuko pamusoro yomunharaunda rwizi.

Inobva chokwadi kuti mwana nguva anorwara, uye akatoedza kuzviuraya, zvinoita sokuti iye ari mumba tete hapana akaita. Kutaura zvazviri, zvose zvakanga zvakasiyana. Tete vangu nomurume kushandisa Daniel somwanakomana, akapoteredza naye kunyatsotarisirwa. Mumazuva iwayo, Dobrov imba yaiva imwe tsika (mumhanzi uye mabhuku) nzvimbo muMoscow. Hepanoi I. A. Bunin, A. N. Skryabin, V. I. Shalyapin nevamwe vazhinji. Simba mumhuri anoratidza dzinenge chokwadi kuti Daniel aiva GODFATHER pakati Bamba Gorky. The pamba zvakakurudzira mukomana uye vakakurudzira rudo mabhuku.

Muna 1915, makore mapfumbamwe Dhanieri akanyora nhetembo yake yokutanga "The Garden". Mugore iroro rakasvika kubatidza nyaya yake yokutanga, chokutanga "Insect Rwendo" uye zvadaro "Life mhuka antediluvian." Uyezve, mwana vanoda nyanzvi yakanyora yakakura zvikuru, ane chiito ikabuda muchiroto kwavari pachavo interplanetary nzvimbo. On masvingo chake mukamuri mukomana vakandoteka Portraits dzevatongi tega dzinza ravo. miganhu dzavo nehasha dzinoenderana kukura mwana.

Education uye kuvhenekerwa

Mumatsutso 1917 ane munyori Pokuda akapinda jimunasiyamu E. A. Repman, apo akadzidza kusvikira 1923. Gore rakatevera akapinda mabhuku Institute ainzi pashure Brusov. Around iyoyowo Andreev akatanga basa iri chimedu "vatadzi". Muna 1926 iye akabatana Union of Poets, iyo kusvikira 1929.

Muna August 1921, asi Daniel-makore 15, famba dzinoungana dzakapoteredza Kristu Muponesi Cathedral, kuti Kremlin akaona kudenga ikozvino. Akanyora nezvazvo muChitsauko 1, 2nd bhuku dzinoti "Rose Wenyika". Inotevera chiitiko murayiro uyu zvakaitika muna 1928 munguva Easter. Kuva Chechi Intercession muna Levshinov, munyori, mudetembi, uye zvino usingaonekwi vakaona nhoroondo yenyika sezvo rimwe rakavanzika rukova.

muchato

Mukupera Muzhizha 1926 muduku munyori Daniil Leonidovich Andreyev akaroora Gublor Alexander, uyo akadzidzisa panguva Higher State mapoka mabhuku. The muchato kwakaitika nenguva kubvuma pomupata, mukereke Yorumuko. Muna February gore rinouya vaviri pamutemo vakarambana, uye Andreev kupinda mabhuku mapoka.

Muna 1928, munyori zvakabudisa detembo "Red Moscow" rakapfuurira ushande yokufungidzira "vatadzi" uye akatanga kunyora "Catacombs" kutenderera. chirimo ichi yaaishanda Tarusa.

prewar makore

Mune 40s remakore rapfuura Andreev aishanda ari mhando akagadzira Artist akanyora pakushambadzira uye zvimwe zvinyorwa. Zvisinei nguva akapa mabhuku. Muna 1930, munyori akatanga kusika munhu detembo "kwezuva". Muzhizha ra1931 Andreev vakasangana M. A. Voloshinym. Nokukurumidza, kureva July 29, pamahombekombe Nerusso Daniil Leonidovich ruzivo zvaakazonyora se maari nechisimba kuti yepasi pose kuziva.

Munguva February kuna March 1932 wokunzi mumabhuku fora munyori, uye ipapo akagara sezvo musoro pepanhau sotsbytsektoru pane imwe Moscow mafekitari. Muzhizha 1932, iye akaberekwa ari kuunganidzwa nhetembo "mudetembi Diary." Zviri zvinoshamisa kuti chete pagore, muvambi muunganidzwa ichi rakaparadzwa. Muna 1933 Daniil Leonidovich Andreyev akatanga kunyora rondedzero "The contours zvedzidziso dikidiki" kuti vakanga varamba konekwa uye ichitanga "pamapani". Mumatsutso 1934 mudetembi akashanyira Koktebel, uye akanyora nhetembo, "Voloshin kuti Tomb."

Muna 1935, munyori akauya Moscow guta dare kwakajeka Artists. In mangwanani September wegore iroro akaberekwa ari "Solo" detembo vanoda "Rwiyo Mansalvate", iro richava konekwa chose makore matatu. Muna 1937, ivo E. P. Peshkova rakarumbidza Andreev kuteterera Stalin aine chikumbiro kubatsira ari kudzoka kubva pakutapwa mukoma wake, V. L. Andreeva. Mumatsutso chete gore munyori akatanga kunyora itsva pamusoro kuongororwa zvomudzimu vakadzidza mumazuva iwayo, "Vatorwa Night", iro akanambwa "the saga mudzimu" iri akapoteredza yaitonga. By hwepedyo pezvaitika akaswedera chete muna 1947.

wanano yechipiri

Muchirimo 1937 Andreev vakasangana chiwanikwa Ivashevoy-Musatov, uyo makore 8 Kwapera vaizova mudzimai wake wechipiri. Gare gare, Alla uchatongwa pamwe nomurume wake, uye ndokusunungurwa gore yapfuura pane zvaakaita. mudzimai wake wechipiri waiva munyori kutsigirwa mumakore ehondo, makore mujeri uye makore zvakaoma pashure. Chakasimudzira vakaramba nhaka uye vakabatsira kuti bhuku mabasa ake makuru mukupera ramakumi remakore. Gare gare, iye akashanda kwemakore 15 kwakanga mudzimai Evgeniya Belousova, mwanakomana yakakurumbira munyori I. A. Belousova.

hondo

Muchirimo cha1941 akafa F. A. Dobrov, Daniil Leonidovich ari vakatenda baba vokurera. Mumakore yeHondo Yenyika Yechipiri Andreev mangwanani yaaishandira pamusoro nhetembo "Amber" uye "vokuGermany" (uye haisati yapera), uye apedza ichitanga nhetembo "Catacombs." Muna July 1942, akafa E. M. Dobrova, akanga akaita saamai Andreev.

In Mumatsutso 1942 munyori akanzi kuhondo. Muna January 1943, izvozvo pokutanga 196 fung Infantry Division akapinda rakakombwa Stalingrad. Panguva kumberi, Andreev aiva mugadziri hwakajeka, mumwe medic uye akanga chikwata pamariro. Nokuti basa rakanaka munyori paakavapa kuti menduru "Nokuti Kutsigira Leningrad". June 25, 1945 vakasuwa Andreeva akaziva ndakaremara WWII 2nd boka.

Pashure pehondo, mudetembi vakadzokera Moscow ndokunzwisisa neemhizha hwakajeka muna Museum of Communications. November 4, 1945, iye pamutemo akaroora A. A. Ivashevoy-Musatov.

usungwa

Pakutanga kwa1947, munyori akagumisa yokufungidzira "Night vadzungairi" uye vakatanga kufunga chikamu richaitirwa trilogy, izvo aizonzi "Kremlin Vekudenga" uye mudzidziso pamberi-mutsetse zvakaitika munyori wechipiri.

April 21, 1947 nokuda kwokupa mhosva, uye yokufungidzira "Usiku vadzungairi" Andreeva mhosva Article 58. Mhosva Anti-Soviet anoparadzirwa uye nemagandanga nevavariro Daniil Leonidovich akamuka makore 25 ari mujeri, iyo panguva iyoyo yaiva mutongo mukuru muna USSR. Kuwedzera munyori takarwara nokusungwa uye nehama dzake. hama 19 neshamwari Andreeva vakatongerwa mujeri nokuda izwi kubva 10 kusvika 25 makore mumisasa yechibharo. All Daniel Leonidovich Andreev, zvakanyorwa pamberi kwemamiriro MGB zvakaparadzwa.

Muna November 1948, Daniel Akhmetov vakaperekedza kubva Lefortovo mujeri Vladimir (ndiye "Vladimir Central"). Pasinei mhedziso, Andreev akaramba achishingaira mubasa kunyora mabhuku mabasa. Muna 1950, akapedza nhetembo "Nemerecha", iyo yatanga muna rechi37. detembo "City Day Symphony" zvakanyorwa muna December, 1950. Pakapera mwedzi iwoyo, ane musiyano rimwe, Andreev akatanga basa iri "Iron chakavanzika" uye "Rose wenyika."

Muna 1951, munyori aishanda ari "Morning oratorio" uye "Kufa Ivan anotyisa." Gore rakatevera, akatanga basa iri rokutanga shanduro rinonzi "vanamwari Russian" uye akanyora nhetembo inonzi "Enda". Muna 1953, kuti yokufungidzira akanga appended kuti bhuku "The Newest Plutarch," iro Andreev akanyora pamwe cellmates ake, Parin physiologist uye wenhau L. kenza. Mumatsutso 1953, asati kutamira kune imwe kamuri, munyori Daniil Leonidovich Andreyev ruzivo tiwane zvakaitika, iyo, sezvo pashure aiti, akanga kumboonekwa wayo UKURU.

Muna November 1954 Andreev akanyora muzita G. M. Malenkova - sachigaro USSR Council of Vashumiri, mashoko iyo vakaramba isiyo kugamuchirwa yeSoviet ezvinhu kamwe zvakare, tichitarisa "kushaya zvechokwadi democratic norusununguko." Panopera gore, Andreev aiva nechirwere chomwoyo. Muna 1955 iye aishanda pamusoro nhetembo "The Demon kutsiva" uye "Navna". February 8, 1956 sekuru Dmitry Leonidovich - A. F. Kovalenskaya - vakafira mumusasa muchipatara. Muna May wegore iroro munyori apedza yemudzimu "Mystery Train." Uye musi 10 Nyamavhuvhu 1956, mudzimai wake akasunungurwa kubva mumusasa. Mavhiki mashomanana pashure kwake kusunungurwa Commission of Presidium Supreme Soviet of USSR chirevo maererano izvo Chikamu 58 aregedza makore 10 mujeri chirango.

August 24, 1956, kwenguva yokutanga hwaakasungwa, mudetembi Daniil Leonidovich Andreyev akaona mudzimai wake ari Vladimir mujeri. 23 April zvinotevera gore akanga kusunungurwa. June 21, 1957 kupomera yokutanga pamusoro Andreev vakanga zvachose wakaparadza, uye musi waJuly 11, akanga rehabilitated.

mumakore achangodarika

Muzhizha 1957 hanya nemabayo Daniel Andreev kokutanga pashure pemakore anopfuura 40 kuzvitsaura, akasangana navo mukuru Vadim mukoma wake. Kubva November 57th Andreev wake vaigara muMoscow. Around imwe nguva akadzorera mamiriro ake sezvo munhu akaremara rechipiri boka, dzinobatanidza mudyandigere mu uwandu 347 rubles. November 30, 1957 vakafa hama munyori, A. F. Dobrov. Panoperera ari 57th, pamwechete Z. Kadirire Andreev vaishanda shanduro Japanese Fumiko Hayashi nyaya dziri bhuku "nyaya Six."

February 12, 1958 ndipo Daniil Leonidovich Andreyev akatuma Central Committee tsamba achikumbira tinyatsoziva nhetembo yake. Maererano munyori, kuti tirarame, ndakavanza basa rake kubva kuvanhu, rinongova saregerereka kwaari. February 26 akanga vakadamwa Central Committee. The kukurukura zviremera akapa munyori tariro mune ramangwana basa rake inogona ichibudiswa. Uyezve, munguva pfupi nguva kunyange akagamuchira kubva Writers 'Union zvemari rubatsiro.

Muchirimo 1958 Andreev akanga vagamuchirwe kuchipatara ane exacerbation pamusoro angina uye atherosclerosis. On June 4, akaroora mudzimai wake chiwanikwa Andreevoy mutemberi Rizopolozhensky. Muchato, vaviri akaenda parwendo pamusoro chikepe kubva Moscow kuna Ufa uye musana. In mangwanani July wegore iroro akasvika pedyo kunyora regumi bhuku bhuku "Rose Wenyika". Pakazosvika pakati pezana remakore matsutso bhuku yakazara rakanga appended. Panguva iyo munyori apedza basa iri dzakaunganidzwa nhetembo, "The Legend pamusoro Yarosvete" uye nhetembo "Isiri Side Wenyika".

Usiku 18 kuna October 19, 1958 Andreev akanyora nhetembo yainzi "Pane imwe nguva ari mangwanani noujaya ...." Mariri mudetembi akanyengeterera ruponeso zvinyorwa ake. Zvinotevera mwedzi, mumwe ichitanga nhetembo ose Daniil Leonidovich Andreyev akanga akaanyora, inonzi "Holy Russia midzimu." On November 14, pashure achibva Hot Key, munyori kuzodzosera vakabvuma kuchipatara.

Pakapera January 1959 A. A. Andreevoy mumaoko netsamba kuti mukamuri imwe zvaiita mufurati musi Leninsky Prospekt. Pano Andreev, anoremedzwa kugara yomwoyo, akapedza okupedzisira vhiki hwake matanhatu.

March 30, 1959 Daniel Leonidovich akafa. April 3, Archpriest Nikolai Golubtsov munyori kuverenga kuvigwa basa muchechi iri Deposition yejasi of Don. Andreev akavigwa Novodevichy Cemetery pedyo guva ramai vake.

nhaka

Kana upenyu nyanduri, novelist, usingaonekwi uye muzivi Daniel Leonidovich Andreev, ane mapikicha zvinoratidza profundity ake makuru, hakuna mifananidzo mabasa muvambi haina rakabudiswa. Kunze zvichida ndechokuti bhuku "Inoshamisa gomo vatsvakurudzi Central Asia" yakabudiswa pamwe chete S. N. Matveevym.

Akafa makore 52 okuberekwa, Daniel Leonidovich akanga zvakawanda zvokutaura uye kuita. The chikuru ndechokuti zvaaida, asi haana - kuvaka chikoro vana chipo iri tsika dzinobvumira chipatara chinobatsira uye kunosangana vaverengi vavo. emakore anopfuura matatu pashure porufu rwake, mudzimai wake akaramba pachivande zvinyorwa, achitya kuti pane imwe nguva vaigona zvakare kuparadzwa. Basa chikuru Daniil Leonidovich Andreyev - "Rose of World" yakabudiswa chete muna 1991, rinenge pamberi kuwa kwehurumende yeSoviet. Saka pano zvinoshamisa dzakabudirira Biography Daniil Andreev. In emunyori upenyu aiva munoitika zhinji nezvisingafadzi, uye kunzwa simba kushushikana, zviratidzo zvinoshamisa uye zviduku zvaizvidzwa. Asi pasinei ichi, iye aigara akagara kwangu.

ndangariro

Muna 2003, basa ne mukadzi Daniel Akhmetov Alla Alexandrovna Nadya Kurbatov akanyora nziyo munhetembo Andreeva "Leningrad Apocalypse". In kuwa 2014 Unobata uye musha riri Bryansk nharaunda, kuti miziyamu Andreeva Daniila Leonidovicha yakavhurwa, vane Biography takurukura.