Crystallization uye utsotso purogiramu kuchinja uwandu hwezvinhu zvose zvabatanidzwa. ezvinhu nefuma

Nyaya ino inotsanangura kuti crystallization uye kunyunguduka. In muenzaniso akasiyana in aggregation mvura zvinotsanangurwa sei kupisa zvikuru kunodiwa kuti nechando uye thawing uye nei tsika iyi akasiyana. Zvinoratidza kusiyana poly- uye crystals kuroorwa, uyewo kunzwisisa kugadzirwa okupedzisira.

Kutamira kune imwe uwandu hwezvinhu zvose zvabatanidzwa. ezvinhu

Aingovawo munhu anofunga nezvazvo mashoma asi upenyu nenhanho panguva iyo iripo zvino, ingadai zvisingabviri pasina nesayenzi. Chii? A mubvunzo wakaoma, nekuti vazhinji kwemasayendisiti kuitika panguva inowanikwa pakati anoranga anoverengeka. Zviitiko idzo vanyatsoona nzvimbo sayenzi kwakaoma, ndiye crystallization uye kunyunguduka. Zvinoita sokuti, zvakanaka, chii kwakaoma: paiva nemvura - yava chando, aiva simbi bhora - rava sedziva emura simbi. Zvisinei, chaiwo zvigadziriswe yokuchinjira kubva ezvinhu aggregation mumwe asipo. Physics vanokwira Hwakadzika kupinda musango, asi kufanotaura chaizvo kuchatanga utsotso uye crystallization mitumbi usati vakawana panguva ipi.

Zvatinoziva

Chinhu kuti vanhu vachiri anoziva. Utsotso pfungwa uye crystallization nokururamisira nyore vakatsunga empirically. Asi zvinhu zvose izvo nyore. Munhu wose anoziva kuti mvura inonyunguduka uye yaita chando pa razero Celsius. Zvisinei, mvura iri kazhinji kwete yokungotaura kuvaka, kuchiitirwa mari. Usakanganwa kuti utsotso uye crystallization kwacho hakusi nguva imwe. Ice kuutio anotanga itye kwokutanga pane chaizvo kunosvika razero madhigirii, mvura yokutanga beaker akafuka chando crystals ari tembiricha iyo zvishoma akapfuudza mucherechedzo nedanda rechikero.

Voga uye Absorção de Água nokupisa panguva yezwi rakasiyana ezvinhu aggregation

Crystallization uye utsotso nezvishoma pamwe nevamwe chafariz migumisiro. In nemvura nyora Morekuru (kana dzimwe nguva maatomu) vari interconnected haasi zvakasimba chaizvo. Chaizvo nemhaka iyi, vane kukwanisa "chokubuda." Kana muviri unotanga kurasikirwa kuchipisa, maatomu uye mamorekuru dzinotanga vabatane navo zvikuru yokuita marongerwo. Saka, crystallization kunoitika. Kazhinji kunobva zvokunze ezvinhu, inotengwa kubva chete kabhoni graphite, nedhaimani, kana fullerene. Saka kwete chete tembiricha asiwo kumanikidza kuchinja nzira kuchaita munobuda crystallization uye kunyunguduka. Zvisinei, kuti aparadze sekristaro nemamiriro vanachandagwinyira kubatana, zvinotora yokuwedzera simba, uye nokudaro uwandu kupisa pane kuti kusika navo. Saka, mashoko achaita -oma kudarika zvinonyauka pezvakaitwa pasi chete ezvinhu. Fani iyi inonzi Isimba rakadini rinogona kubudiswa kupisa, uye inoratidza musiyano pamusoro apa. Yeuka kuti Isimba rakadini rinogona kubudiswa kupisa haisi chokuita kupisa uye sezvo vakadaro kunoratidza uwandu kupisa hunodiwa kunyunguduka crystallization chakaitika.

Change MUBHUKU apo Achitaurazve mumwe uwandu hwezvinhu zvose zvabatanidzwa. ezvinhu

Sezvambotaurwa, nhamba uye unhu tsamba nemvura uye zvakasimba inoti zvakasiyana. Nokuti mvura mamiriro inoda zvakawanda simba, saka, maatomu kufamba nokukurumidza nguva vachisvetuka kubva panzvimbo imwe neimwe uye kutanga kwenguva kubatana. Sezvo amplitude pakati oscillations pakati nezvimedu makuru, uye mvura ine ruzha rukuru. Nepo mune yakasimba zvakasimba kubatana, mumwe atomu vibrates pamusoro nenzvimbo zvakanyatsoenzana, haagoni kusiya nzvimbo yake. mamiriro Izvi zvinotora kumusoro zvishoma nzvimbo. Saka kuti utsotso uye crystallization kuti zvinhu pamwe nokuchinja inzwi.

Properties yanyunguduka uye crystallization mvura

Izvi zvakafanana uye inokosha mvura yedu, sezvo mvura irege wotaura kutamba hombe basa muupenyu yokurarama zvinenge zvose venyama. Zvataurwa pamusoro apa pane musiyano pakati uwandu kupisa inodiwa kuti crystallization uye utsotso kwakaitika, uyewo nokuchinja inzwi kana kuchinja mamiriro aggregation. Vamwe kunze vose mitemo iri mvura. Rehydrogen zvakasiyana mamorekuru vari mvura ezvinhu kunyange zvishomanana hwakabatana, achiumba simba, asi zvakadaro hauna razero rehydrogen chisungo. Izvi anotsanangura zvikuru guru Kupisa vanokwanisa iyi zvakasikwa mvura. Zvinofanira kucherechedzwa kuti mvura iyerere, ei awa havapindiri. Asi basa ravo panguva kuoma nechando (nemamwe mazwi, crystallization) kusvikira pakuguma anoramba kujeka. Zvisinei, mumwe anofanira kubvuma kuti aizi zvakafanana vakawanda anopindura zvakawanda vhoriyamu pane mvura. Izvi kukonzera yakawanda kukuvara utility network, uye anosvitsa yakawanda matambudziko kushumira vanhu zvavo.

Kwete kamwe kana kaviri iri nhau chikamupenyera mashoko akadaro. In yechando, ari bhaira mukamuri mumwe musha paiva netsaona. Nokuda snowstorms, echando uye rinorema chando havana nguva kutyaira mafuta. Mvura akapa kuti kudziyisa uye taps, bhatiri, hwakareba kudziya. Kana haisi nguva kubudisa, tichisiya hurongwa kanenge zvishomanana chinhu, uye zviri nani kuti aiyanika, rwunotanga wana tembiricha ambient. Kazhinji kacho, zvinosuruvarisa panguva ino varipo inorema frosts. Uye chando achibvambura pombi, vachisiya vanhu pasina mukana upenyu hwomutambarakede mumwedzi kuuya. Kwoitawo, kutsakatisa tsaona, akashinga Emergency Zvinozivikanwa Ushumiri, nokuputsa kubudikidza blizzard kuti mashoko okushambadza neherikoputa matani mashomanana kuchiva marasha uye murombo pombi dzemvura ari anotyisa kuchitonhora wachi shanduko sepombi.

Snow uye twemazaya echando

Kufungidzira kuti chando, isu kazhinji kufunga kutonhora cubes mune girazi muto kana yakakura expanses ari nechando Antarctic. Chando kunonzwisiswa nevanhu chaiyo chakajairika, izvo zvinoita kuti chokuita nemvura. Asi chokwadi ndiye chete chando, chete chando mune imwe kuti, izvo anosarudza chimiro. Vanoti vaviri dzakafanana twemazaya echando ari yose haako. A musayendisiti kubva kuUnited States akatora nyaya zvakakomba uye aronga zvinhu chokuwana nerunako izvi hex achida chimiro. rabhoritari ake anogona kupa kunyange blizzard kuti twemazaya echando mufananidzo vaibhadhara nemhosva. Sezvineiwo, chimvuramabwe, chando uye zvakafanana, riri kuziva chaizvo pamusana crystallization kwacho - kubva mhute uye kwete mvura. Reconversion muviri zvakasimba panguva kamwe gaseous chikwata inonzi sublimation.

Single crystals uye polycrystalline

Munhu wose akaona chando chando mapatani girazi mu bhazi. Vari akaumba nokuti tembiricha mukati motokari iri pamusoro razero Celsius. Uye kunze, vanhu vakawanda chinofema pamwe mhepo kubva mumapapu maviri, zvinopa mukuru mwando. Asi girazi (kazhinji dzisinganyatsooneki Single) iri ambient tembiricha, kuti munhu asina kunaka. Water mhute, pamusoro payo nokukurumidza anorasikirwa kupisa uye ichichinja yakasimba mamiriro. Imwe mechanical zvimiti mumwe, mumwe nomumwe zvinotevera chimiro siyanei kubva yaimbovapo, uye nokukurumidza kukura yakanaka asymmetrical mapatani. Uyu ndiwo muenzaniso polycrystalline. "Poly" - kubva muchiLatin "zvizhinji". Muchiitiko chino, vamwe microparts zvabatanidzwa kuva chete chimwe. Chero simbi chigadzirwa - kazhinji polycrystalline. Uye pano pane chimiro rwokuzvarwa Goldstone prism akakwana - ndiyo imwe sekristaro. In ayo mamiriro, hapana uchawana kusakwana uye pakakoromorwa, nepo mune polycrystalline Mavhoriyamu mirayiridzo zvidimbu vanosarudzirwa randomly uye haana kubvumirana mumwe.

Smartphone uye mabhainokura

Asi yazvino kazhinji zvinoda crystals zvachose wakachena kuroorwa. Somuenzaniso, anenge chero smartphone rine raro rakadzika nesilicon ndangariro maatomu akafanana. No atomu yose rino haafaniri kubviswa kubva yakanaka nzvimbo. Munhu wese anofanira kutora nzvimbo yaro. Zvikasadaro, pachinzvimbo mapikicha uchawana kuwana goho ruzha, uye, kupfuura zvose, bhowa.

Mabhainokura, chiratidzo usiku mano vanodawo crystals kuroora zvakakwana hombe kuti exchange michini nemwaranzi kuchiedza zvinooneka. Nzira dzekufambisa nhamba yavo kukura, asi mumwe nomumwe zvinoda kungwarira kunyanya uye yakarurama Masvomhu. Sei ndawana crystals kuroorwa, masayendisiti kunzwisisa kubva danho diagrams, i.e. akatarira girafu pakati utsotso uye crystallization yacho chigadzirwa. Gadzira mufananidzo ari chakaoma, saka, zvinhu masayendisiti ari kunyanya anoongwa nemasayendisiti uyo akasarudza kuwana zvose zviri papurogiramu.