Vegetative kubereka. Chii zvinorevei? zvichireva micropropagation

Kubereka mumwe zvinoitwa zvose zvipenyu, pamwe kufema, kudya kunovaka, kufamba nevamwe. Zvichireva zvakaoma kuona, nokuti dzinovimbisa ari chamazuva zvizvarwa, uye nokudaro kuvapo kwoupenyu Panyika.

Zvakasikwa anonzi muitiro rinoitwa munyika dzakasiyana-siyana. Mumwe wavo - asexual vegetative kubereka. Rinowanikwawo zvikurukuru miti. Kukosha vegetative kupararira uye ayo dzakasiyana ichakurukurwa bhuku redu.

Chii asexual kubereka

Chesekondari zvipenyu anosarudza mashoko vegetative Mashoko miti (Grade 6, chikamu "bhotani") somumwe mhando asexual. Izvi zvinoreva kuti mararamiro ayo Implementation havabatanidzwi utachiona masero. Uye, naizvozvovo, recombination yokugara mashoko hazvibviri.

Ndicho kupfuura nzira hwekare kubereka, hunhu zvinomera, notumwe, mabhakitiriya, uye dzimwe mhuka. Chaizvoizvo Its iri nokuumbwa subsidiaries nomubereki marudzi.

Kuwedzera vegetative, pane dzimwe nzira asexual kubereka. The kupfuura chinyakare izvi weboka huviri masero. Saka vawande chete-celled nemhuka uye zvinomera uyewo utachiona.

Chimwe shanduro nzira iyi vakawanda kupesana. Zvinonzi panguva vakaumba subsidiaries inoverengeka chete mubereki sero. Izvi zvinoitika, Somuenzaniso, Plasmodium falciparum ndiro parasitic ari mumasero ropa.

A rinokosha asexual kubereka ndiko paumbwe spores. Horsetails, ferns, mosses uye tsvimbo mosses bereka kuti nzira.

Asexual vegetative kubereka

Kazhinji, kana asexual kubereka mumwe muviri mutsva achikura kubva rose boka masero mubereki. mhando iyi asexual kubereka inonzi vegetative.

Next, isu kutsanangura mhando uye mienzaniso zvipenyu izvo ne vegetative kupararira inozivikanwa. Tafura anoti kwavari, achawana pfungwa mukuru kupararira kwaiita kubereka.

Kubereka zvikamu vegetative nhengo

Vegetative chirimwa nhengo vari kupukunyuka, zvinosanganisira madzinde mashizha, uye mudzi - pachivande nenyere. Anotsemura kubvisa chikamu kwavo zvipuka zvine masero akawanda kana dzinde munhu anogona kutakura kubuda cloning.

Ndeupi muenzaniso kuchekwa? It inzira akati chakagadzirwa vegetative kupararira. Saka, kuwedzera uwandu the currant mumakwenzi uye guzubheri, unofanira kutora chikamu kwavo midzi pamwechete netsvo, icho pakupedzisira kudzorerwa kupukunyutsa.

Asi nokuda rutoto mazambiringa wakanyatsokodzera hunde petioles. Of navo nguva adzikunure midzi miti. A chinodiwa ndiye Kuwanikwa chero mhando itsvo ari hunde.

Asi nokuda kubereka vana indoor dzakawanda miti vanowanzoshandisa mashizha. Zvechokwadi, vakawanda rakasanganiswa nomutowo violets.

Kubereka dzakachinjwa Matavi

Zvirimwa zvakawanda zvinoumba vegetative zvomukati okunatsiridza kuti kuvabvumira kuita mamwe mabasa. Rimwe Mabasa aya - vegetative kupararira. Chii chinokosha nadzurudzo pakati mabukira, tinonzwisisa kana tikafunga oga midzi, Mabumba uye tubers.

rhizome

Chikamu ichi chirimwa iri pasi pevhu uye chakafanana mudzi, asi, pasinei zita, ari dikidiki kupukunyuka. Inoitwa elongated internodes, izvo ngaubve adventitious nemidzi uye mashizha.

Mienzaniso zvirimwa bereka achishandisa rhizomes, ndivo Seruva pomupata, Iris, chemindi. Dzimwe nguva unonzi muviri anogona kuwanikwa nemasora. Munhu wose anoziva kuti zvakaoma sei kubvisa pamubhedha uswa. Kudhonza kubva muvhu, vanhu vanowanzofunga kusiya zvikamu vaizvambarara midzi wheatgrass pachivande. Uye pashure imwe nguva, ichitungira zvakare. Naizvozvo, kubvisa imwe sora rinonzi, zvakakodzera nokungwarira kuchera kumusoro.

girobhu racho

Leeks, gariki, Narcissus uye tinobereka kushandisa podezmnyh okunatsiridza mabukira, inonzi Mabumba. nedzinde yavo sandara inonzi Donets. Pairi muri manune dzine mashizha, hunde pamusoro zvinovaka muviri, uye itsvo. Vanopa kukonzera zvinenge itsva. Girobhu racho anobvumira chirimwa yokupukunyuka pasi zvakaoma pasi nokuda maberekero mwaka - kwemvura kana kuchitonhora.

Tuber uye masitachi

Zvakafanana ne matapiri havafaniri kudyara, pasinei anoumba maruva nemichero. chirimwa ichi reproduces nokuda pevhu awo okunatsiridza - tubers. Kuparadzira nembatatisi, kunyange chokwadi kuti aiva tuber yose. Zvakakwana Fragment raiva nhungirwa kuti achamera pevhu, kudzorera chirimwa yose.

A Strawberry uye mastrawberry pashure maruva uye fruiting nezvimiro munhu pasi chamboko (ndebvu), izvo mapazi matsva. Panzira, havagoni kuva kuvhiringidzwa matavi anotandira omuzambiringa, somuenzaniso. chirimwa ichi yavanobata wakasiyana basa - kukwanisa kuwana nzvimbo iri vatsigire vasununguka chinzvimbo pachinhu zuva.

kusabatana

Kwete chete miti inogona kuitazve achishandisa kupatsanura multi-cellular ayo nhengo. Fani iyi vakacherechedzawo kwemhuka. Haisi somunhu vegetative kubereka - chii? Izvi zvinobva nekugona zvipenyu kuti apore - kuzoita vakarasika kana kukuvaradzwa dzemiviri. Somuenzaniso, muviri earthworm anogona kupora munhu wose, kusanganisira cover uye nhengo dzomukati hwemhuka.

gemmation

Yotunga - mumwe nzira kubereka, asi vegetative atwo maro vari hazvishandi. Chaizvoizvo wayo sezvinotevera: pamusoro muviri mubereki muviri aumbwa protrusion, inokura, zvinotora pamusoro zvaidiwa akura Muviri iri wakanamatira kubva chinozvimirira.

mutoo kwakadaro kubva yotunga kunoitika muna Freshwater hydra. Asi vamwe vamiririri coelenterates - korari - akaumba protrusion haina wakanamatira uye anoramba mumuviri waamai. Somugumisiro, kumboongororwa kuumbwa chinoshamisira zvitarisiko.

Kuwedzera uwandu chikanywa, iyo yakagadzirira tichibatsirwa mbiriso, panzira, ndiyewo nemhaka yavo vegetative kubereka kuburikidza yotunga.

zvichireva micropropagation

Sezvaunogona kuona, vegetative kubereka zvakasikwa wakatandavarira nevakawanda zvakakwana. Nzira Izvi zvinotisvitsa nokukurumidza kuwedzera nhamba yevanhu imwe rudzi. Mbeu iyi, kunyange nhamba mano, muchimiro okunatsiridza pamudzi uye davi.

Kushandisa chakagadzirwa vegetative kupararira (kuti vanzwisise kwakadaro kunoreva kare akataura), mumwe Anowanza zvinomera, iyo inoshandisa mubhizimisi ayo kushandiswa. It haatarisiri munhu wechirume. Nokuti yamera vechidiki miti kana kukura itsva kwemarudzi zvikuru munzvimbo yaakajaira umo muviri ramai mupenyu.

Zvisinei, marudzi ose asexual kubereka, kusanganisira vegetative, pane chimwe chinhu. Its mugumisiro ndiko kwaita kuvabereki kufanana zvipenyu zviri chaiyo kopi mubereki. Kuti aponese mhando uye masero maitiro nzira iyi kubereka rakanakira. Asi vose variability zvakawanda kuoma.

Asexual kubereka kazhinji kuwana mutumbi inobvira chimiro vatambi vatsva, uye saka nzira kuchinja kuchinja mamiriro dzezvakatipoteredza. Saka, vakawanda kwemarudzi vari mhuka uye vanokwanisa zvirare kwacho.

Pasinei drawback ichi, kana maberekero anorimwa zvirimwa zvinokosha uye zvikuru kushandiswa achiri vegetative kupararira. Murume kufara nzira iyi nokuda-siyana mikana, duku panyaya nguva, uye uwandu zvipenyu bereka netsika kurondedzerwa.