Construction Vhoriyamu chivakwa. Definition of chivakwa vhoriyamu

Construction Vhoriyamu chivakwa chinosanganisira kukura pachivande uye pamusoro-pasi zvikamu chirimwa. Kuti tizive subsurface parameters akatorwa chiratidzo vanoratidza pauriri yakachena pasi pauriri. Next, kunyatsotarisisa, kuti ndiye kuvakwa Vhoriyamu kuvaka anodavirwa kuti kukosha ichi.

tsananguro

Vakawanda vasingazivi panyaya yokuvaka vanhu kazhinji vazivikanwe zvimwe pfungwa. Havasi vose anoziva nzvimbo - dzinogarwa uye mukuru. Havasi vose vanoziva chinhu chakadai chivako Vhoriyamu chivakwa. Mune zvimwe zviitiko, kunzwisisa zvakarurama okuti zvinogona kubatsira chaizvo.

mhenyu nzvimbo

Muzvivako zvinochengetedzwa uye dormitories, zvikaonekwa sezvo Verengai nzvimbo kurarama makamuri. Muchiitiko chino, yakavakwa muna wardrobes zvisingagoni kuverengwa. It haabvumirwi nzvimbo kurarama makamuri dormitories uye dzimba furati pamusoro zimba uye pasi uriri.

kwakakomba nharaunda

ukoshi Ndiyo kuwanda dzine zvivako zvose. Muchiitiko ichi tine mupfungwa uye utility, uye zvipenyu dzimba, uyewo pakashama dzekubikira, dzemukati, mukoridho, zvimbudzi, zvimbudzi, zvimbudzi, mhuri kuchengetwa, kugeza, mezzanine. To dormitories ari Masvomhu vari kuwedzera nzvimbo dzokurapa mahofisi uye kwakavakirwa dzetsika uye munharaunda chinangwa. The dormitories uye zvinochengetedzwa zhizha chiwedzerwa (tenuka, balconies, loggias) uye ratongerwa ari muzvirongwa voga. On mukuru nzvimbo yeimba haibatanidzi mukoridho, lobbies, erevheta lobbies, stairwells uye lobbies.

inoshanda nharaunda

Kuyerwa vari chinoitirwa nomumwe partitions uye rusvingo hukawanika. Dimensions niches ose 1,8 M kureba zvinosanganisira mukamuri, apo ivo dziri. Izvi zvinoshandawo nzvimbo pasi, iyo iri pasi kufora masitepisi mukati mekamuri (apo daro kuti pasi projecting mamiriro 1,6 M kana kupfuura). Not kufungwa nzvimbo yaigara projecting STRUCTURAL nhengo uye kudziyisa zvinhu vira. Hazvina vaitirei nzvimbo nzvimbo mukati mukova.

Total nharaunda paruzhinji zvivako

The kukarukureta kunosanganisira ukoshi hwokurara kuti uriri nerimwe. On mukuru nzvimbo dzinosanganisira kukura pachivande, muvhu zvikamu, yakakwirira rwokugadzira musha. Technical parameters pamusoro pevhu zvikamu kureba asingasviki 1,8 M pazasi yepasi, ivhu uye vokutanga uriri tiri haana kumbofunga nezvarwo.

Construction Vhoriyamu chivako: kukosha ichaongororwa sezvo pamusoro-pasi zvikamu

The kukarukureta rinoitwa nevanhu vachiwedzera nzvimbo chikamu chinjikira pamusoro kwokunze circumscription kuvakwa maererano wokutanga pauriri pamusoro yepasi kusvika kumusoro (yakazara) kuvakwa. Zvapedzisira ukoshi kunoyerwa kubva yokumusoro pose kuputira rukoko pamusoro atiki pauriri kuchenesa panguva 1st pauriri. Kana padenga hurongwa dzemaitirwe iri bhuku kuvakwa chivako chinobviswa avhareji chiratidzo yokumusoro chikamu padenga.

The pevhu Chikamu

How kuverenga bhuku kuvakwa chivako mukudhinda chikamu? Muchiitiko chino, chokuwanziridza rinoitwa kwokunze kukura chinjikira muchinjikwa sectional gandiwa kuvakwa maererano wokutanga pauriri kumusoro nechigadziko parutivi chakayerwa chinhambwe kubva pauriri yakachena 1st uriri pasi pamwero chawo kana bhesimendi. Pasina yepasi masvingo zvemuchadenga zvikamu chivakwa kuvaka vhoriyamu akatsunga achitaura kuti kwokunze gandiwa kuvakwa maererano nenhanho pindana. Kuyerwa yaitwa kufungisisa pakukora varinamire kana achitarisana rukoko. Kana pakuverenga muchinjikwa-sectional nharaunda iri chinjikira ndege yacho mapurani mashoko, yakabudikira pamusoro pamadziro uye niches kuti varipo mazviri, haafaniri kuonekwa. Saka, maererano dzemunharaunda vakaverenga Vhoriyamu chivakwa kuvakwa. Muenzaniso fomura pachivande zvikamu:

V3 = S3 x H1.

S3 - sectional nharaunda mune chinjikira pakakwirira (bhesimendi) kukosha kuyerwa padanho rokutanga pauriri pamusoro chivharo. H1 - kukwirira kubva kumusoro rapera pauriri 1st paburiro.

zvinhu zvezvivako

Mune zvimwe zviitiko zvinokosha kuverenga bhuku kuvakwa chivako, chine munhu zvinoriumba. Ivo anosiyana panyaya configuration, nokukwirira zvakagadzirwa. Muchiitiko chino, muchidimbu zvose kuvakwa mavhoriyamu. Nokufunga miganhu chimwe chikamu chacho delimiting nenzvimbo akataura parusvingo rokufambira, sezvamakaropafadzwa kanganisa anoenderana ari mamiriro kana kukwirira. For atiki uriri mu Masvomhu vanoshandisa chikamu kutwasuka pamusoro dzokunze pamadziro circumscription kushumira dzomumativi omugwagwa pakuvaka kureba. Kuyerwa yaitwa kusvika rokumusoro ndege nokupisa insulating zvinhu rukoko kana atiki uriri (pasina remba) nemakadhibhokisi. Mavhoriyamu Construction vestibules, Bay mahwindo, verandas, loggia, namaberere uye ndima yakakura (kunze mapurani mashoko) chivakwa okunze, skylights uye ainge akamonererwa anoda pamusoro pedenga ndege, vanobatanidzwa zvinonyatsorehwa nhamba. Not kufungwa kana kuyera kukosha they, namaberere, panze balconies, nzvimbo pasi kuvakwa.

Bhuku okuvaka mabasa: Vhuṱanzi

The calculus riri kuitwa kuyerwa mu-mhando, magadzirirwo, kukura, yakatangwa Inventory kuronga. The zviumbu yakayerwa umo kutsunga chakagadzirwa rokuvaka vhoriyamu, inofanira kushandiswa parameters kugamuchirwa nokukosha prices. Ivo kupiwa kuMudzidzisi nhengo tehrazdelah snip. basa Construction inokurudzirwa kuti kuongororwa maererano mureza machati, namatafura yokunyora nokudhirowa. zvinhu izvi kuti tikwanise kuona kosi uye kutevedzana kwezviitiko Masvomhu. In dzinoongorora matafura anoshandiswa, izvo kufungawo specificity basa. mabasa Construction zvinonyorwa kuchiitirwa kutevedzana. Unofanira kutanga hwaro uye bhesimendi masvingo. Zvadaro, uwandu kupikidura. Yoga yakarumbidza kunyatsoongorora pachivande chikamu chacho, uyewo vasiri dzinogarwa uye dzinogarwa munzvimbo.

Weboka muitiro

Sezvakataurwa apa, kukarukureta bhuku iri kuitwa zvakananga kuti. Panguva muitiro vanofanira kutevera zvinotevera urongwa:

• Familiarization chinyorwa zvinhu uye kuisa kwavo iri nyore kushandisa ndaisagona netsika.
• Development uye kugadzirira tabular siyana.
• Muunganidzwa ebetsero matafura Masvomhu maererano yokuita zvinhu, zvinoriumba uye zvivako.
• Kukarukureta bhuku basa chinyorwa nokurondedzerwa.
• Kukoshesa nokuti STRUCTURAL okunze uye chii haisi nokufukidzwa Specification.

kurumbidza

Kushandisa dzimwe anotsigira zvinhu, anogona kugarwa zvikuru basa. akakurudzira kuti:

• Gadzirira hwebetsero tafura ine vakagadzirira inofungidzirwa kuti kwese uye unoramba uchiuya STRUCTURAL zvikamu, zvikamu chimiro, marudzi mabasa.
• Kunonyanyisa Kushandisa siyana zvomunharaunda zvemari vane mazita mabasa makuru uye kuvakwa okunze, mutengo parameters uye encryption chikwata mitengo.
• Kuti kuverenga saizvozvo, migumisiro yapfuura mabasa anogona kushandiswa mune ramangwana.
• Kunonyanyisa kushandiswa kuwanika chirongwa chikamu Specification iri mureza zvinhu uye nharaunda (rinokosha, mukuru, uye zvichingodaro. D.).

Gazette maererano vehurumende mabasa kazhinji panofanira Masvomhu nokuti mifananidzo chaiyo basa uye STRUCTURAL okunze. Zvinofanira kurangarirwa kuti izvi zvinhu uye Sub-mapoka misoro regai panguo mumwe.

Kuti uwane mamwe mashoko,

Counting uwandu basa, sezvo akataura pamusoro payo, rinoitwa munyika SNP yakatarwa dzakabatana. Izvi zvinosanganisira, kunyanya zvinosanganisira mamita ³ hrs., T, m ^2, zvichingodaro. Zvinofanira kucherechedzwa kuti shoko rokuti "zvinofungidzirwa mavhoriyamu" rinoreva chero mari kuti takatsunga maererano vanodhirowa uye rakashandiswa tinyatsonzwisisa nokukosha mutengo. kazhinji Calculus kubudisa unyanzvi (Engineering). Kutevedza nemigumisiro neyakarurama yakarumbidza rechecking nokukosha vashandi vanokwanisa.

Kana prefabricated kongiri uye Akazadzisa kongiri ezvirevo

Specificity tinyatsonzwisisa uwandu basa mudziyo kwavo kuri pakuti chikwata mitengo kufungawo seti mabasa pamusoro kugadzwa zvikamu pasina mutengo. Panyaya iyi, kuti vanofungidzira inopa nzvimbo mbiri. Chokutanga - kuona mari kugadzwa chikwata mutengo. Yechipiri - kuverenga pakuvaka mari pane ano prices pamusoro pavo. The kunoomeswa ndechokuti mune dzimwe nguva, ndivanaani uye Wholesale mutengo vachava parameters zvakasiyana. Saka, Somuenzaniso, zvinofungidzirwa mwero nemasitepisi chokugadza akatasva chete marongerwo. Wholesale chete mutengo - paminiti mativi mita uye cubic mita nekongiri. Muzviitiko zvakadaro zvinokosha kuona nhamba kwezvivako (zvidimbu) uye overenga nzvimbo yavo. Nokuda ezvinhu urwu compiler inoshandisa mashoko uye mifananidzo zvakakwana pachena rinomiririra chigadzirwa. In nokuumbwa nokufungidzira kuti zvirongwa, sezvinoita mutemo, haapari. Muzviitiko izvi, aitungamirirwa bedzi muranda pamusoro zvinofungidzirwa uwandu vashandi. Saka, kare zvakakodzera kupa rondedzero dzaona zvivako zvizere.

Zvitunha zvezvivako

By nemamiriro pakutakura mutoro kubva rakanyorwa kuvaka uye zvakapoteredza zvinhu zvinosanganisira mbiru, kufamba ndakaisa simbi mumakumbo, trusses, matanda uye pematanda ehwaro. Kana kwokuomerwa zvivako dzinounzwa kurusvingo, inonzi frameless. Ndikati kuti vanofungidzira kuti wehurumende kuvaka chikamu "Frames" chinoshayikwa. Mari kufamba ndakaisa simbi mumakumbo, trusses, matanda uye mbariro dziri "Coatings" uye "bindepinde" uye mbiru, akamira oga - mu "Walls". The kwakaita basa kuisa misoro neshongwe Akazadzisa kongiri akatsunga chidimbu nhumbi. Precast kongiri furemu sezvo chikwata anoita cubic mita nekongiri iri nyaya. Pamutemo simbi Zvivako zviri pa 1 tani chiedza zvinhu - 100 mamita ^2. Mari paakapa kongiri ukomba uye ndiro gungano mhando, uriri yokufukidza uye akatsunga 1 chidimbu chigadzirwa.

chikuru fomura

Building hurongwa pamwe vhoriyamu chinhu atiki uriri (V1) kunotemwa sezvinotevera:

V1 = S1xH.

S1 - nzvimbo muchikamu chinjikira kuvakwa rokunze circumscription panguva 1st gave. H - kureba chikamu rapera pauriri pamwero pauriri yokutanga pamusoro zvinodiwa iri atiki pauriri. Another fomura:

V2 = S2 x L.

It anosarudza uwandu rokuvaka zvivako pasina pindana atiki (V2). S2 ndiye nzvimbo wehunyambiri chikamu yakavakwa circumscription rokunze zvikamu masvingo (pamusoro akapera uriri 1 gave. Yokumusoro pepa rehurukuro reimba). L - mutengo nokududza kureba kweimba pamusoro kwokunze zviso kuguma masvingo pachiyero wokutanga pauriri pamusoro chivharo. Zvino wekutanga uye kana yechipiri Kwabviswa kubva kukarukureta kukosha zvokufamba. Zvisinei, ivo vakawedzera uwandu Bay mahwindo, niches, loggias, namaberere, verandas, skylights. Panguva iyoyowo kukura balconies hadzina kuverengwa (indoor uye panze), porticoes. Kana nzvimbo mapuriro siyana vakasiyana, chivakwa rekutanga pakutsvaga vhoriyamu mumwe nomumwe. Mushure tsika akapfupikisa.