Chii pampas South America?

Pane nzvimbo zvatakanzwa, asi vashoma fungidzira kuti. The chete zvinogona kutaurwa pamusoro pampas kuSouth America. Interesting zita aizivikanwa vazhinji akarongwa rwiyo. Ndizvo chaizvo zvakaita ndezvokuti, nyati iri Pampas ikoko, asi pane zvakawanda nedzimwe mhuka dzinonakidza uye zvirimwa vari.

Chii pampas (pampas)?

Under wakadaro zita anonakidza anovanza zvikuru vanhuwo pfungwa kwatiri - the inowanzorimwa. Zvinokosha kuti, chokwadi, muri pampas. Musiyano chete ndechokuti vari riri rimwe chete nzvimbo panyika - mu South America. Pampa Anotambanudza kumaodzanyemba chikamu índico Kutsauka pakati dzakakwirira Brazilian uye eAndes. It runopoteredza estuary pakati La Plata kubva zvose kumativi matatu, uye kumaodzanyemba nokumabvazuva kusvikira mvura Atlantic Ocean. Vazhinji nzvimbo weveta pampas pakati Uruguay, uye kuchamhembe kwakadziva kumabvazuva Argentina uye kumaodzanyemba kweBrazil.

Relief uye Geological marongerwo

Inowanzorimwa (pampas) vari sandara kana undulating yakati chechetere. The kuzorodzwa kunoratidzwa rakatumbuka pamusoro índico Hercynian uye Precambrian anooneka zvikuru nemichinjiziri, zvichiguma mubatanidzwa zvanza yakadzika uye sandara mapani. Eastern pampas zvishoma nezvishoma merges pamwe anonzi Western kana chakaoma, iyo rakatenderedzwa kumavirazuva clumpy Predkordiler anooneka zvikuru nemichinjiziri. Ivo vanoparadzaniswa vamwe migove nomumwe wo pasi pamusoro goko (grabens). Dzavo pasi ari chichiburutswa kuti kudzika 2000 metres, vanogona richaroromeswa kana zvishoma vakazadzwa sesaline nevhu, munyu madhamu kana marshes.

okunze

Pampas South America, iri munzvimbo subtropical okunze rokufambira, saka panenge gore, nzvimbo iyi aifurirwa mhepo makore achibva Atlantic Ocean. Precipitation (anenge 2000 mm pagore), akagovera zvakaenzana, kusanaya kwemvura vari apo neapo. Zvisinei, wakaoma pamapani ari Pampa vari kutanga kunzwa pokudzora Continental okunze. Precipitation kuderera (300-500 mm), kudukupiswa yunifomu, vakawanda vavo azvidavirire kwaedza rokuponesa nguva.

Kuva nzwisisei kuti pampas uye apo hazvina kuoma zvokufungidzira kuti nzvimbo iyi kunoratidzwa rinopisa chirimo: tembiricha anoda kubva 25 kusvika 45 ° C. Zvasvikira kufadza ukoshi hwayo pakati penzizi Parana neUruguay. Nokuti Nzvimbo kunoratidzwa inopisa uye ine uma mhepo inobva kumusoro. Avhareji tembiricha munguva yechando uyewo akanaka, asi dzimwe nguva kunyange zvinogona chando uye kuchitonhora (-10 ° C kusvikira nharaunda nyoro pampas). Chando hariwanikwi chaizvo uye ikanyauka pakarepo, kavha haina kuumbwa.

Nharaunda pakati penzizi rakadiridzwa zvakanaka vakawanda mutero of Uruguay uye Parana. Zvisinei, kuenda mberi, zvinofanira kucherechedzwa kuti munharaunda nyoro Pampa nhamba nzizi iduku zvikuru, uye nenzira yakaoma uye zvachose vane pfupi uye renguva inoyerera chete panguva inopfunha. Asi mvura yakawanda munyu uye pasi, vakakoniwa asi kukanganisa nemiti uye miti nemhuka zvakazonaka.

Nemiti pampas

Zvino pampas yeSouth America iri zvinenge zvachose kushandiswa zvokurima (nyika arable, mafuro nemisha pedyo navo). Natural miti uye zvinhu zvipenyu zviri zvichengeteke chete mune nzvimbo diki. Nemiti ari mupfumi, pano ari hunodzorwa zviyo (anenge 1000 marudzi). Zvinomera kunobva ivhu uye kunonaya. Saka muUruguay uye kumaodzanyemba kweBrazil ari hunodzorwa masango. Ivo akaumba kunyanya rwizi mumipata. Nokuti miti yakasvibira masango vari mamirire mhando (Araucaria, yemishenjere, Paraguay tii, yodina rombolistny, quebracho, uye zvichingodaro. D.) Uye lianas.

In nemasango, nemavhinga pakati penzizi zvavari ne bota, ivo kubatikana kwazvo munharaunda nyorovera pampas. Special panotaurwa zvinofanira kutarira sezvo pampas uswa, kana Cortaderia Sello (aimiririra pamusoro). Uyu perennial chirimwa, yokusvika kukwirira 4 mamita. Unoumba guru tufts chakatodzana anorovera. Nokuti kwayo kwokunze decoration mukuru uye kuyevedza maruva (panicles angava chena, pink kana ruvara mumvuri kusvika 40 cm) kwaikosheswa akakurumbira pakati vachengeti uye Chikwata. Dry pampas kunoratidzwa yakaderera kunonaya, saka sokunge randinenge Semi-mugwenga, ivhu zvishoma yakaorera, pane yakawanda munyu marshes. Pano uswa murombo chaizvo uye chinomiririrwa mumakwenzi eminzwa, cacti.

The Fauna of Pampa

The fauna of rave kuchinja zvikuru nokuda mabasa evanhu. K ndiro rakakura kupfuura mamwe ose boka kunofanira kusanganisira avo kuti vanokwanisa kuenda nokukurumidza (achitsvaka zvokudya, mvura uye pokugara). Chinhu zvikara shoma (kusanganisira Puma uye Geoffroy vake Cat), pampas mhembwe, Mustangs (kupinza kamwe vanhu vokuSpain uye bhiza nezvikara), Azarov opossum uye nevamwe.

For Pampa kuwedzera inozivikanwa nokuwanda eshiri nemakonzo. Vazhinji shiri dziri muchikwata dzinotama. Vanosvika ari pampas kuti nesting uye zvisaririra. Kutaura mashoma zvinhu:.. Ipikaha, ibises, tinamou, etc. The ndewechiLatin afanane vanoziva pamusoro hwari, asi ruvara zvikuru wakajeka plumage. Rinotaurawo kuti vagere Pampas ndomumwe shiri yekare - Mhou Rhea (aimiririra). Of nemakonzo iri kucherechedza Nutria, bizcacha.

Pampa, uye mabasa evanhu

VokuEurope pavakanzwa zvakataurwa pampas, iri remakore rechi15. The vomunzvimbo akanga achiparidza mundima zvokurima uye zvipfuwo kurima refu zvisati. Around 16-17 emakore vakaumba chaiyo stratum chavagari - Vafudzi gauchos. Vakanga Semi-anongofamba, uye kazhinji vanenge zvichienzaniswa North America vaparidzi vasina hanya vanobva. The gauchos vokutanga vaiva vana vemo vakadzi Indian kubva vokuSpain. To musi, sezvo kare ambotaurwa, basa evanhu akachinja mararamiro ezvinhu zviripo mhiri kukudzwa, anenge asina rekona zvinongoramba. Zvino mumwe anokosha zvokurima nharaunda, uyewo dzoruwa Argentina makuru zvoupfumi. Pampa kunoratidzwa kwayo dzine vanhu vakawanda. Saka, 75% kuti vemo Argentina kuti vanogara mundima ino. Maguta pakukura - Rosario, La Plata, Lujan, Santa Fe.

Mundima pampas wakasimwa vanenge 85% chibage uye gorosi, vari akura anopfuura 60% of uwandu zvipfuwo. zvigadzirwa zvose izvi tiri zvikuru chikamu aivigirwa kubva Argentina kuEurope.

Panyaya chii pampas, tinogona zvakachengeteka kutaura: munda. Panyaya iyi paiva maviri zvinetso zvemhoteredzo: whittling pasi rwokuzvarwa zvinomera uye inowanzorimwa kudzikisirana kubva overgrazing. Zvisinei, zviremera kunyika vanoverengeka kuedza kugadzirisa zvinhu uye chengeta mararamiro kanenge pamusoro zvikuru akadzivirira dzinongoitika mundima munzvimbo kudzivirirwa.