Chii kunakidza Turan nokumapani. mumarenje Its, nzizi uye madhamu

Turan amapani - mumwe zvinofadza zvikuru munzvimbo Kazakhstan uye Central Asia. Kamwe panguva ino akatambanudza gungwa guru, vakasara vari reCaspian ano uye Gungwa Aral. Pari, zviri pachena huru, apo nharaunda inogarwa mumarenje pamusoro Karakum, Kyzylkum nevamwe.

Where Turan pamapani ari

Hunhu munharaunda iyi kunobva nzvimbo. Turan yamapani iri munharaunda nhatu dzinozvitonga inoti - Turkmenistan, Uzbekistan uye kuKazakhstan. Kuchamhembe nokumaodzanyemba mirayiridzo kunosvika nokumapani 1,6 zviuru makiromita uye kumavirazuva-mabvazuva mirayiridzo - .. On chiuru makiromita, achitora nzvimbo huru.

zita munharaunda rinobva pashoko "Turan", "nyika" Tours. Zita iri mubhuku dzvene cheZoroastrianism - Avesta, iyo yakatanga kusvika 1000 makore BC. Vaongorori vanoti "Tours" - mumwe inowanzorimwa aria.

Nharaunda akapfuma zvicherwa (mafuta, gasi, ndarama, sarufa, etc.) dzinokudziridzwa zvikuru zvipfuwo uye kudiridza kurima.

rubatsiro

Relief Turan nokumapani kunyanya zviri nani munyoro hunhu, kukwirira kuchinja zviduku. Zvisinei, pano mapani yaiteverwa pamwe vakawanda kwakadzikira uye dzegirini. Yakadereresa ndeyekuti amapani Karagiye, kukwira iyo - kubvisa 132 meters (pazasi wegungwa), uye yakakwirira - Mount Tamdytau (0.922 km).

Avhareji kukwira pamusoro nharaunda iri 200-300 metres pamusoro pegungwa. The kupfuura rakakwirira nzvimbo Turan nebani ndiye Kyzylkum kurenje neavhareji kukwira 0.388? Km. Munguva dzekare, Turan nebani aiva chihombe kure negungwa pegungwa, vakasara iyo mazuva ano ndiyo Aral uye reCaspian makungwa.

Kyzylkum gwenga, akafukidza Karakum sand ane raidudzwa aeolian yakanaka. Pano unogona kuyeva nemumakomo sand, Dunes uye Dunes.

Climate

The dzinotaurwa nharaunda iri zvikuru Continental uye gwenga, akatsunga neDare nenzvimbo zvinhu. Chekutanga, Turan nebani riri mumwoyo kondinendi. At rebei kure nenyanza uye nyoro mhepo. Chechipiri, kubva kumaodzanyemba nechamhembe-kumadokero mirayiridzo Turan nokumapani zvipingamupinyi gomo shoma kuti zinyekenyeke achiparadzira mhepo vakawanda.

izvi zvose zvinoita kuti nharaunda zvikuru pakaoma uye akafukidza guru zvikamu murenje. Muchiitiko chino, kuchamhembe nokumaodzanyemba kunayisa ruchigona kutapudzwa, uye amplitude pamusoro tembiricha nokufamba inowedzerawo.

The rwizi nzvimbo hurongwa

Nokuda okunze zvechadenga nharaunda yacho rwizi Network iri havaratidzi yakatanga, vanomiririrwa kunyanya nokuda penzizi Ishe DARYA uye Amu DARYA nzizi inoyerera muGungwa Aral. It, zvinozoita - chaizvoizvo mudziva Turan nokumapani. Uye muzana remakore rapfuura nokuda yezviri kukura zvokurima kwakaderedza zvikuru nekubuda Amudarya uye Syrdarya - akapotsa arega, zvichikonzera zvishoma nezvishoma kupwa yeGungwa Aral nevazhinji zvinetso zvezvakatipoteredza. Turan nokumapani rwizi Syrdarya anokamura nharaunda huviri dzisakarurama kumativi - nezasi. Kuwedzera nzizi dzakakura chaizvo maviri, musi Turan mumupata zasi-kumabvazuva - kuchamhembe-kumadokero nhema rwaoma mubhedha rwizi Uzboi.

Karakum

The Karakum gwenga ( "sand dema") ane nzvimbo yakakura nharaunda 350 zviuru mativi mamita. ? km. Kwakabva zita, pamwe nokuda zvinomera muzhizha anorasikirwa ayo girini ruvara. Uye jecha Dunes dzinonzi AK-Kum ( "jecha jena"). Karakum achiri yaizivikanwa jecha akawana Temple City Gonur Depe, pano ainamata moto.

Desert iri dzisinganayi chaizvo uye anenge isingagariki. Mugore pano inowira muzvinhu zvakasiyana-siyana 60-150 mm mvura, pamwe ruzhinji vavo (70%) inowira munguva chando mwaka. Kuchipisa chaizvo muzhizha, tembiricha iri dzimwe inokwira kusvika 50 ^0, uye sejecha riri neshungu kusvika 80, zvichiita kufamba shangu pariri zvikuru hazviiti. In yechando pane kwazvo frosts, dzimwe nguva lämpömittari anodonhedza pazasi 30 ⁰ Celsius.

Pasinei rwakashata okunze mugwenga vari kumusha mhuka dzakawanda - the kamba, mhuka katsi, siyana nemakonzo, nezvinyavada, nyoka, etc. In hwokumusoro chikamu ivhu mumarenje pamusoro Turan amapani saigas mhenyu nemhara. Zvichida huru kukwezvana murenje iri rakanaka mwena Darwaza, izvo veko enzanisa pasuo ichi kugehena. Chokwadi ndechokuti pashure kundikana Drilling uye Drilling Machine anodonhera kuburikidza pasi kubva pasi pasi akakwira gasi, kutyisidzira kuchetura kumisha iri pedyo. Kuti izvi zvisaitike, kwakasarudzwa kuti vesa gasi. Saka inopisa 60m fanera kukwirira murazvo achapukunyuka dzimwe nguva kukasapfuura 10 mamita.

Kyzylkum

Ndicho kupfuura renje nzvimbo muna Central Asia. On muganhu Kazakhstan ano riri kuchamhembe chikamu chacho chete.

Desert, ane zita rinogona kushandurudzwa se "jecha mutsvuku", riri pakati penzizi Amu DARYA uye Ishe DARYA. sand ayo zvechokwadi vane yakatsvukuruka Hue. Ivo aeolian uye alluvial mavambo, muri Paleogene zera. Desert inoremekedzwa 300,000 mativi makiromita. Zvisingaperi Sands ari yaiteverwa navaduku outlier makomo (isingasviki kiromita kureba). Maturakiti jecha inoumbwa nemhepo, dzimwe nguva kusvika kukwirira 75 mamita.

Kusiyana hanzvadzi dzayo Turan (Karakum), Kyzylkum zvakawanda zvakanaka muupenyu. Pano kundofudza mombe diki, uye nemhaka mvura chitubu kubva Ishe DARYA uye kushandiswa mune dzimwe nzvimbo vanokwanisa kuwana goho mupunga, mazambiringa uye muchero.