Chii gasi etsinga? rubatsiro First kuti muchetura gasi

Mune shanduka munhu nguva dzose aifanira kuratidza kodzero dzayo kuvapo. Vavengi vake vakanga zvakaoma magariro, carnivores guru uye kuti yakaipisisa chinhu mumwe zvisikwa. Kuti tidzivise kutonhora nokupisa, vanhu vakadzidza kuvaka dzimba uye kuti mbatya, uye kukunda zvikara uye vakangwara vavengi - nani kugona kuuraya. The kuedza kutanga kushandisa makemikari zvine chepfu zvinogona kunzi pamwe chepfu miromo yesimbi nemiseve. Asi vanhu haana kukwana; nokuti akaratidza kuti varove maximal nhamba vavengi, uye yakagadzirwa gasi tsinga.

Chii?

Gasi - boka kwemakemikari zvehondo nevasori kuitika kuti organophosphorus mukomboni (organophosphates uye vesiputous FOV). The fuma zvikuru muchetura. Vanokwanisa nayo vakaronga kurishandisa somunhu chombo zvinoparadza. Zvisinei, ruzivo mune pokushandiswa kwemakemikari vamiririri panguva World War First somunhu chombo kwakaita dutu kunyunyuta munzanga. Kunyange zvazvo kukura nguva shoma ngozi pane ano tsinga gasi. VokuGermany vakashandisa kekutanga sechinhu muchetura fuma chloro. Munguva yeHondo Yenyika II yakanga basa iri kugadzirwa gasi. Inokuvadza budiriro rwanonoka, asi kwete zvachose kwaari vakaramba.

Zvimwe zvinhu kubva munhoroondo

Wokutanga pamutemo kunyorwa kwemakemikari Kurwisa kwakaitika muna 1915 (April). Asi nhoroondo vaedza vakawanda chepfu pamwe negasi pamberi. Izvi zvinotaurwa yaMakoronike China yekare uye zvinyorwa Middle Ages.

Organophosphorus yeimwe yaigadzirirwa muna 1846 maererano French kemisiti Louis Jacques thenar. Muna 1934 nechekare, kemisiti yokuGermany Gerhard Shradar kuedza kuva zvinobudirira zvipembenene akashandisa organophosphorus nevasori kuti kuvhara tsinga nezvipembenene. Muna 1936, kwapera kuedza, zvakanga tsinga gasi - boka. Muna 1937, mumwe musayendisiti chakaitika kuti pasi pokudzora kuderera nenhumbi dzayo uye vakawana kuti chepfu vanhu. Pashure paizvozvo akamanikidzirwa vataure Panovhurwa weDhipatimendi Defence.

Muna 1938, Schrader pamwe boka vabatsiri kuti synthesize etsinga gasi sarin. Zvaakanyora mukuru kumombe kubudikidza 10 nguva. Muna 1944, yokuGermany R. Kuhn synthesized kunyanya hunokachidza gasi - soman. Papera chinguva, izvozvo akakurukura mukomboni kupfuura nengozi - cyclosarin.

Isai makemikari kukura, Nazi Germany, kana havana kuzoshinga, kana asina nguva. Asi kwakaita wevasungwa vasungwa dzakaitwa uye kurondedzerwa.

Gasi. Kunyanya kukanganisa muviri

Tsinga hwakarongwa kuitira kuti masero awo vanoparadzaniswa mumwe kure microscopically diki. Asi kunyange ichi duku zvokuti vasavhiringidza tsinga nomunhu, izvo zviri kuita kuchinjwa nevamiririri kuyambuka kure uye jitters kupararira kune masero pedyo uye fibers. Chinonyanya kukosha mune izvi anoonekwa kuna acetylcholine. It chinokunda kure uye anoita marwadzo ari tsandanyama masero, uye ipapo kuparadzwa apetilholinesterazoy.

gasi Action tsinga kunobva kutyorwa nedanho kukamurwa acetylcholine. Muscle masero kuramba ndizvipete, masero etsinga vari kufara, kuda kurutsa, kugwinha uye muviri, akatakura rufu.

Tsinga gasi iri Hauoneki uye odorless. Oddly, asi zvakasikwa ezvinhu aggregation imvura. Sarin sezvo soman, uye Tabun, zvairema kupfuura mvura, zviri zvikuru soluble mune lipids uye zvinoita zvokufembedzwa, achibika pa 150 ° C (inotevera chizvarwa magasi - pa 300 ° C). Ichi boka rose zvine chepfu zviri zvikuru chepfu, kuramba, zvakaoma kutsanangura uye zvakaoma kuziva chaiyo mhando.

Chibharuma pamwe gasi tsinga

Gas cartridges - nzira iripo kuti vazvidzivirire. Zvisinei, gasi tsinga mu magaba urege kuzoitengesazve nokuti nengozi. Kunyange mishonga vashomashoma, zvinogona kukuvadza pamusoro munzvimbo huru. Gas canisters akazara teargas kana mhiripiri irritant irritants. Izvi zvinhu Usauraya uye kukonzera nokutsva, inoparadza, vangakosora uye matambudziko ziso. All zvezviratidzo izvi ndezvenguva duku.

Pasinei nokuti gasi - zvakananga kutyisidzira vanhu, vanoramba kudzidza, synthesize uye kushandisa zvisiri pamutemo. Saka, muna 1988 Saddam Huseyn rakarwisa guta Halabadzha mabhomba pamwe sarin uye Tabun. It akauraya vanopfuura zviuru 15. Man zvavo.

Muna 1995, Tokyo aiva Magandanga vachishandisa sarin. Gas akanga asiri aerosol chimiro, izvozvo akadurura mu pevhu motokari. Zvino vanhu 13 vakaurayiwa, asi pakanga vanenge 10 zviuru. Nyaya chakakomba nomuchetura.

yamura

Gasi dzinonzi makemikari zvombo zvinoparadza. Kwakaita vanhu iyi zvaida kukurumidza kurapwa rubatsiro. Zvaunofanira kuziva kubatsira munhu vaitambudzwa zvine chepfu zviri gasi musanganiswa tsinga?

Unorudzi rwekutanga:

• Hakuna mamwe kukuvadza kufema hurongwa, munhu vanofanira kupfeka gasi chifukidzo.
• Kutanga mushonga, iyo hwamunoita chepaseka. bata ichi chinofanira kuitwa nokukurumidza sezvinobvira. Jekiseni chubhu anokushandisira sirinji akazara kuchiitirwa zvinodhaka. Enter kwezvinodhaka intramuscularly. The sirinji inofanira kunyorwa pamusoro omuJudha mbatya vamwe vanhu, rubatsiro, kuziva kuti munhu ava watova mushonga.
• The mvura ndiyo chaiyo Anti-gasi pasuru. Zvinofanira kushandiswa senzvimbo sanitizing pachena zvikamu ganda.
• Sezvo nyaya yokukurumidzira kunofanira kuitwa munhu kubvisa pakati njodzi yacho. Panguva imwe cheteyo, chinofanira kuongorora mamiriro wacho ari huye kudzikira apiwa kupinda uchida kudzivisa panowanikwa pfari.
• Kana aerosol pfapfaidzo gasi chavawo utachiona zvipfeko. Panongotanga murume akatorwa kubva ane nzvimbo, yaida kuritsiva. Vakaroorana nyaya dzasara pamusoro mbatya, anogona kukanganisa ganda uye kufema hurongwa.
• Chakagadzirwa afemeruke kungada njodzi kana zvaishandiswa pamusoro magasi akadai carbon monoxide kana sarin.