Nhoroondo Russian wehurumende ane nemidzi yawo kare. Uye kubva ipapo tikasvika zvatinotaura mashoko akawanda. Nekuti nhasi Tinoyeuka mambo pizi, Trishka caftan wake, "Ivanovo zvose". Uye pano Zvisinei mumwe dimikira,, zvishoma rakashandiswa ikozvino, asi chaizvo, zvinonakidza chaizvo.
Kutsunga okuti
Aya - "Makore wakarambidzwa '. Sei kunzwisisa ano chizvarwa vakurukuri? Achitaura kure kare. Rechi16, paitonga Ivana Groznogo. Panguva ino, uye paiva "makore wakarambidzwa '. Muna 1581 Unotyisa achiitisa Verengai. Kudivi rimwe, iye kunobva chido kusimbisa simba ravo tichiregeredza vakavimbika avakuru, aendesa zvavo muchivigiro nyika saka misha pamwe vanhuwo zvavo. Kune vamwe - iri 70-80-ies ungaderedza upfumi kwazvo kuRussia. Uye Unotyisa zvinokosha kuziva mwero zvaparadzwa. Ndipo apo hurumende tsarist, maererano nemirayiridzo yake, uye akatanga kusuma makore hakubvumidzwi. Ichi chimwe kunze wokurambidza varimi kubva muridzi imwe hondo mumwe. Maererano Sudebnik 1497, pashure pamagumo emunda basa, muna St. George Day (26 November), varimi vaigona kutiza zvikurukuru zvakaipa vanatenzi mumwe, zvikuru kuda. Chirevo "Makore wakarambidzwa 'kunyimwa navo zvakadaro mukana. Kutanga Ivan ari uranda vanhu vakaramba Fyodor Ivanovich, nokurambidzwa makore 1592-93 kuzvitsaura kubva vanhuwo zvavo kubva yawo. Nenzira, pachishandiswa chiitiko ichi Ndakazvarwa okushamisika okuti: "! Tora kuti, Ambuya, uye St. George Day"
Mabviro
Saka ndibatsireiwo gore pakatanga akadzivirirwa gore - 1581. Official -. 1592. The zita pfungwa chokuita neshoko "murayiro", zvichireva kuti "mutemo", "sungano," "mushonga", "rokumanikidzirwa kuurayiwa" Zvinofadza kuti dzekare havana kuwanikwa yaMakoronike, tsamba uye zvimwe zvinyorwa yaitonga Ivana Groznogo akasarudza zvinyorwa pamusoro "Makore wakarambidzwa" - makore iwayo apo vagari kumaruwa, rinoteerera kwamachinda, akasarudzwa mukana kuenda mumwe musha kana guta. Vanotsvakurudza vari chete anozivikanwa nezve mitemo youmambo. Asi nei vanodavira kuti kanyatsosumwa kuti kuchengetedzwa zera iri chokuita pakupera kwezana remakore rechi16 - kubva pamakore 1592-93? Uye zvose nokuda pashure kuti musi havana kuwana kunyange nezve chirevo.
Nokusimbaradza serfdom
Kuti pakupedzisira izvi zvose rinorevei? Chekutanga, nemhaka "mabhuku munyori", kureva. E. The vaverengwe, paiva zvakawanda kana zvishoma zvakawanda, Kunyatsoona vanhuwo zvavo vanogara mudunhu. Izvi zvakabatsira kwete chete kudzorera hurongwa munyika, asi kuti pave pfuma feudal hwechiKomonisiti. Varimi vakanga vava kukwanisa kupona kusvika zvachose nzvimbo dzokugara maererano mashoko awanika, uye kana mumwe akatiza muridzi womunda, zvakanga zviri nyore kuona kuti uyo muridzi. Saka pamutemo wakadzikwa revatongi varidzi serfs, paiva pamutemo hwaro kugadzira ari vanhuwo wamadzishe. Pakupedzisira, mitemo yaidzivirira makore vava kazhinji kugamuchirwa. Uye pfungwa iri zvishoma nezvishoma aenda yokukanganwa, kuramba chete somunhu mufananidzo, yakakurumbira mashoko. Zvino, zviri vachinzwisisa kureva chinhu yekare, yekare, sezvo yokupikisa nhasi.